This overview of the history of anthropological theory provides a comprehensive history from antiquity through to the twenty-first century, with a focus on the twentieth century and beyond. Unlike other volumes, it also offers a four-field introduction to theory. As a stand-alone text, or used in conjunction with the companion volume Readings for a History of Anthropological Theory, Erickson and Murphy offer a comprehensive, affordable, and contemporary introduction to anthropological theory. The third edition has been updated and fully revised throughout to closely parallel the presentation in the companion reader, making it easier to use both books in tandem. New original essays by contemporary theorists bring theories to life, and portraits of important theorists make it a handsome volume. Sources and suggested readings have been updated, and glossary definitions have been updated, streamlined, and standardized.
The Boys’ Crusade is the great historian Paul Fussell’s unflinching and unforgettable account of the American infantryman’s experiences in Europe during World War II. Based in part on the author’s own experiences, it provides a stirring narrative of what the war was actually like, from the point of view of the children—for children they were—who fought it. While dealing definitively with issues of strategy, leadership, context, and tactics, Fussell has an additional purpose: to tear away the veil of feel-good mythology that so often obscures and sanitizes war’s brutal essence. “A chronicle should deal with nothing but the truth,” Fussell writes in his Preface. Accord-ingly, he eschews every kind of sentimentalism, focusing instead on the raw action and human emotion triggered by the intimacy, horror, and intense sorrows of war, and honestly addressing the errors, waste, fear, misery, and resentments that plagued both sides. In the vast literature on World War II, The Boys’ Crusade stands wholly apart. Fussell’s profoundly honest portrayal of these boy soldiers underscores their bravery even as it deepens our awareness of their experiences. This book is both a tribute to their noble service and a valuable lesson for future generations.
The essays collected in this volume by Paul Guyer, one of the world's foremost Kant scholars, explore Kant's attempt to develop a morality grounded on the intrinsic and unconditional value of the human freedom to set our own ends. When regulated by the principle that the freedom of all is equally valuable, the freedom to set our own ends -- what Kant calls "humanity" - becomes what he calls autonomy. These essays explore Kant's strategies for establishing the premise that freedom is the inner worth of the world or the essential end of humankind, as he says, and for deriving the specific duties that fundamental principle of morality generates in the empirical circumstances of human existence. The Virtues of Freedom further investigates Kant's attempts to prove that we are always free to live up to this moral ideal, that is, that we have free will no matter what, as well as his more successful explorations of the ways in which our natural tendencies to be moral -- dispositions to the feeling of respect and more specific feelings such as love and self-esteem -- can and must be cultivated and educated. Guyer finally examines the various models of human community that Kant develops from his premise that our associations must be based on the value of freedom for all. The contrasts but also similarities of Kant's moral philosophy to that of David Hume but many of his other predecessors and contemporaries, such as Stoics and Epicureans, Pufendorf and Wolff, Hutcheson, Kames, and Smith, are also explored.
We live in an age of distraction. Contemporary analyses of culture, politics, techno-science, and psychology insist on this. They often suggest remedies for it, or ways to capitalize on it. Yet they almost never investigate the meaning and history of distraction itself. This book corrects this lack of attention. It inquires into the effects of distraction, defined not as the opposite of attention, but as truly discontinuous intellect. Human being has to be reconceived, according to this argument, not as quintessentially thought-bearing, but as subject to repeated, causeless blackouts of mind. The Problem of Distraction presents the first genealogy of the concept from Aristotle to the largely forgotten, early twentieth-century efforts by Kafka, Heidegger, and Benjamin to revolutionize the humanities by means of distraction. Further, the book makes the case that our present troubles cannot be solved by recovering or enhancing attention. Not-always-thinking beings are beset by radical breaks in their experience, but in this way they are also receptive to what has not and cannot yet be called experience.
Christian Faith as Religion investigates the theologies of John Calvin and Friedrich Schleiermacher with respect to the questions: What is Religion? and What is Christian Religion? The author argues that the classical and liberal exemplars of Protestant theology are best compared when these two questions are thoroughly examined, and calls into question the contention of neo-orthodox theologians Karl Barth and Emil Brunner that Schleiermacher's theological use of the category "religion" signifies a departure from the tradition of the Reformation. He offers a revised comparative framework that discloses the material and formal similarities between Calvin and Schleiermacher with respect to their employment of the categories "religion" and "revelation" and allows the historical theologian to delineate the trajectory that accounts for both continuity and discontinuity in the transition from classical to modern Protestant theology. This allows the systematic-hermeneutical question of a contemporary Protestant theology informed by the historical and philosophical study of religion to be taken up anew.
Das Grundlagenwerk "Das Klima der bodennahen Luftschicht" von Rudolf Geiger ist seit den 70er Jahren vergriffen; der Autor verstarb 1981. Auch die amerikanische Ausgabe bei Harvard University Press ist seit 1986 vergriffen. Das Buch ist in USA immer noch ein Standardwerk (in Deutschland gibt es ebenfalls kein vergleichbar gutes Buch), und so konnten zwei Wissenschaftler in USA gefunden werden, die die dringend notwendige Neuauflage mit Streichung überholter und Hinzufügung aktueller Kapitel/Abschnitte in Arbeit nehmen wollten. Sie belassen den bewährten Aufbau des Werks unverändert.This revised and updated version of Rudolf Geiger's classic microclimatology text is designed to introduce readers to the nature of the atmosphere and climate near the ground. It is especially aimed at those seeking a first introduction to the field of microclimatology and thus are in need of assistance in dealing with and understanding the seemingly and ever increasing literature on the subject. The Climate Near the Ground presents the literature in a well-organized and easily understood descriptive fashion. This book is designed not only as an introduction text for students in environmental science but also as a reference for environmental scientists desiring a basic understanding of the climate near the ground.
Sociologists have always been fascinated with music. In one way or another they have encountered music as an important social force in its own right, as an accompaniment or byproduct of phenomena they studied (such as youth culture or the drug scene), or as a means for obtaining social compliance (as in religious ceremonies or in the military). This book goes one step toward remedying this situation by culling the existing literature for building blocks toward introducing sociological synthesis and by presenting the English version of the extensive writings on music and society by Paul Honigsheim.
In this updated, expanded edition, starting with Freud's "projection theory" of religion - that belief in God is merely a product of man's desire for security - Professor Vitz argues that psychoanalysis actually provides a more satisfying explanation for atheism. Disappointment in one's earthly father, whether through death, absence, or mistreatment, frequently leads to a rejection of God. A biographical survey of influential atheists of the past four centuries shows that this "defective father hypothesis" provides a consistent explanation of the "intense atheism" of these thinkers. A survey of the leading defenders of Christianity over the same period confirms the hypothesis, finding few defective fathers. Vitz concludes with an intriguing comparison of male and female atheists and a consideration of other psychological factors that can contribute to atheism. Professor Vitz does not argue that atheism is psychologically determined. Each man, whatever his experiences, ultimately chooses to accept God or reject him. Yet the cavalier attribution of religious faith to irrational, psychological needs is so prevalent that an exposition of the psychological factors predisposing one to atheism is necessary.
From the earliest planning stages of the German counter-offensive in the Ardennes, Hitler was convinced of the importance of taking the Meuse bridges. He resolved that, when his forces broke through the US lines, one special unit should be dressed in American uniforms and issued with American weapons and vehicles. In this guise they could take advantage of the surprise and shock of the breakthrough, and move forward to the Meuse bridges as if they were retreating Americans. Jean-Paul Pallud details their organisation and the fateful sequence of events that followed.
In Studies on Early Modern Aristotelianism Paul Richard Blum shows that Aristotle’s thought remained the touchstone of modern philosophy; for it was the philosophy taught at universities. The concept of philosophy at Jesuit schools forms the first part of this book. Their impact on the sciences and mathematics in combination with Renaissance ideas of nature is the topic of the second part. The transformation of Aristotelian metaphysics and theology under the influence of the Renaissance is the third area of this book. Surprising continuity from the late Middle Ages into modernity and the radical difference of subject centered modern philosophy from ‘teachable’ school philosophy are innovative in these studies.
The sixth edition of this bestselling text offers a concise history of anthropological theory from antiquity to the twenty-first century, with new and significantly revised sections that reflect the current state of the field.
In this reprinted edition of Biblical Revelation and African Beliefs, the contents of traditional African religions and their relevance to Christian ideas are explored. Through presenting the principal papers of a consultation of African theologians, Dickson and Ellingworth offer an extensive exploration of how these traditional religions and their ideas can enrich and enlighten Christianity in Africa. Rejecting a Eurocentric vision of Christianity in Africa, Biblical Revelation and African Beliefs explores ideas such as the knowledge of God, the notion of power, time, and man, as well as examining the ethical content of African traditional religion and when it can be reconciled to Christian ethics. This group of esteemed African theologians offers a framework for a synthesis between the Christian gospel and African theology, which is illuminating for historians and Christian theologians alike.
Winner of the Sixteenth Century Society's Roland H. Bainton Prize for History or Theology Paul C. H. Lim offers an insightful examination of the polemical debates about the doctrine of the Trinity in seventeenth-century England, showing that the philosophical and theological re-configuration of this doctrine had a significant impact on the politics of religion in the early modern period. Lim's analysis of these heated polemics shows how Trinitarian God-talk became untenable in many ecclesiastical and philosophical circles, leading to the emergence of Unitarianism. He demonstrates that those who continued to uphold Trinitarian doctrine articulated their piety and theological perspectives in an increasingly secularized culture of discourse. Drawing on both unexplored manuscripts and well-known treatises of Continental and English provenance, he uncovers the complex layers of the polemic: from biblical exegesis to reception history of patristic authorities, from popular religious radicalism during the Civil War to Puritan spirituality, from Continental Socinians to English anti-Trinitarians who claimed an independent theological identity, from the notion of the Platonic captivity of primitive Christianity to that of Plato as "Moses Atticus." Among this book's surprising findings are that Anti-Trinitarian sentiment arose in a Puritan ambience in which biblical literalism overrode rationalistic presuppositions, and that theology and philosophy were more closely connected during this period than previously thought. Mystery Unveiled fills a significant lacuna in early modern English intellectual history.
Paul Honigsheim is unique. One of the select few who regularly participated in the Weber-Kreis in Heidelberg during the 1910s, Honigsheim's special place within Weber's world adds a degree of credibility to his writings matched by few others. In the late 1940s Honigsheim published four essays from what might be called Weber's "lost decade," the period during which Weber established his reputation in Germany as the most versatile and brilliant of the younger social scientists. Together in one volume for the first time, these essays reveal portions of Weber's work previously unavailable in English. In the opening essay, "Max Weber as Rural Sociologist," Honigsheim treats Weber's essays on Russia, Poland, and other works in economic history. He offers a point of departure for those wishing to probe Weber's celebrated and misconstrued distaste for traditional Slavic social structure. In "Max Weber as Applied Anthropologist," Honigsheim examines Weber's commitment to the study of race, ethnicity, and nationalism as mediated by ethnic attachments, social policy formation, handicraft economies, and what he calls "Ethno-Politics." "Max Weber as Historian of Agriculture and Rural Life" is a masterpiece of exegesis and comparative inquiry. The final essay, "Max Weber: His Religious and Ethical Background and Development," acts as a minor corrective and addendum to Marianne Weber's biography. The book concludes with Honigsheim's reminiscences of the Weber circle. Interest in the work and person of Max Weber grows with each year. From his writings the reader may glean the finer shades and contours of thoughts that arise from private exchanges between Honigsheim and Max Weber. This volume will interest a broad spectrum of social scientists.
Back cover: What did biblical scholars, theologians, orientalists, philologists, and ancient historians of the 19th century consider "religion" and "history" to be? How did they understand these conceptual categories, and why did they study them in the manner they did? Analyzing the figures of Julius Wellhausen and Hermann Gunkel, Paul Michael Kurtz examines the historiography of ancient Israel in the German Empire through the prism of religion, as a structuring framework not only for writings on the past but also for the writers of that past themselves.
Religion is the most fundamental, comprehensive of all human activities. it tries to make sense out of not simply one or another aspect of human life, but of all aspects of human experience. At the core of every civilization lies its religion, which both reflects and shapes it. Thus, if we wish to understand human life in general and our specific culture and history, we need to understand religion. What is religion? Religion is an explanation of the ultimate meaning of life, and how to live accordingly; based on a notion of the Transcendent. Normally it contains the four "C's": Creed, Code, Cult, Community-structure. CREED refers To The cognitive aspect of a religion; it is everything that goes into the "explanation" of the ultimate meaning of life. CODE OF BEHAVIOR, or ethics, includes all the rules and customs of action that somehow follow from one aspect or another of the Creed. CULT means all the ritual activities that relate the follower to one aspect or another of the Transcendent, either directly or indirectly, prayer being an example of the former and certain formal behavior toward representatives of the Transcendent, such as priests, of the latter. COMMUNITY-STRUCTURE refers To The relationships among the followers; this can vary widely, from a very egalitarian relationship, As among Quakers, through a "republican" structure as Presbyterians have, To a monarchical one, As with some Hasidic Jews have with their Rebbe. THE TRANSCENDENT, As the roots of the word indicate, means "that which goes beyond" the everyday, The ordinary, The surface experience of reality. it can mean spirits, gods, a Personal God, An Impersonal God, Emptiness, etc. This volume looks at the ways we humans have developed to study religion. However, a new age in human consciousness is now dawning: The Age of Global Dialogue, a radically new consciousness which fundamentally shifts the ways we understand everything in life, including religion. This global dialogical way of understanding life does not lead to one global religion, but it does lead toward a consciously acknowledged common set of ethical principles, a Global Ethic. The book looks at these two movements—the Age of Global Dialogue and inchoative Global Ethic—in order to help readers understand what is going on around them, So they might make informed, intelligent decisions about the meaning of life and how to live it. Author note:Leonard Swidleris Professor of Religion at Temple University.Paul Mojzesis Academic Dean and Professor of Religious Studies at Rosemount College.
Presents a series of anecdotes that tell the history and meaning of American uniforms, identifying their cultural significance in terms of how uniforms unite and divide people as well as how they vary throughout the world.
When Paul B. Steinmetz worked among the Oglala Lakota in South Dakota, he prayed with the Sacred Pipe, conversed with medicine men, and participated in their religious ceremonies. Steinmetz describes the history, belief systems, and contemporary ceremonies of three religious groups among the Oglala Lakota: traditional Lakota religion, the Native American Church, and the Body of Christ Independent Church, a small Pentecostal group. On the basis of these descriptions, Steinmetz discusses the interdynamics of Pipe, Bible, and Peyote, and offers a model for understanding Oglala religious identity. Steinmetz maintains that a sense of sacramentalism is essential in understanding Native American religions and that the mutual influence between Lakota religion and Christianity has been far more extensive than most scholars have suggested.
Many wonder how Adolf Hitler, a mediocre army corporal and failed landscape painter, could have become the architect of the most calamitous events of the twentieth century. But fewer know that Hitler's fateful transition from ambitious demagogue to Europe's most vicious tyrant occurred on an ordinary Saturday--June 30, 1934--in a little-known event that would come to be called "The Night of the Long Knives." This is the story of the events leading up to that awful event, and its most horrifying repercussions.
In this volume, Paul Robertson re-describes the form of the apostle Paul’s letters in a manner that facilitates transparent, empirical comparison with texts not typically treated by biblical scholars. Paul’s letters are best described by a set of literary characteristics shared by certain Greco-Roman texts, particularly those of Epictetus and Philodemus. Paul Robertson theorizes a new taxonomy of Greco-Roman literature that groups Paul’s letters together with certain Greco-Roman, ethical-philosophical texts written at a roughly contemporary time in the ancient Mediterranean. This particular grouping, termed a socio-literary sphere, is defined by the shared form, content, and social purpose of its constituent texts, as well as certain general similarities between their texts’ authors.
With the aid of loyal friends, he fled to Hamburg, where he spent most of his remaining years in relative obscurity, all the while continuing his campaign to bring free thinking to the German lands." "Drawing on extensive manuscript and printed collections, Spalding offers the first comprehensive treatment of how Schmidt, a lowly private tutor, challenged one of the most elaborate censorship systems ever devised."--BOOK JACKET.
Der vorliegende Doppelband VI der Reihe Topographie und Repertoire des Theaters bietet ein Verzeichnis der Abbildungen von Personen, Rollenportraits, Szenenbildern, Theatergebäuden und Sitzplänen in den universalen Theater-Almanachen und lokalen Theater-Journalen, die in den Bibliographien der Journale (Band I) und der Almanache (Band IV) verzeichnet sind. In Almanachen gab es bereits am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts gelegentlich Abbildungen – Holzschnitte und Kupferstiche unterschiedlichsten Inhalts. Sie blieben weitgehend auf die Almanache beschränkt, da die Kosten für diese Abbildungen hoch waren und sich eine Produktion nur bei einer höheren Auflage rentierte. In den Journalen sind sie bis zur allgemeinen Verbreitung der Fotografie und der Entwicklung entsprechender Reproduktionsverfahren gegen Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts nur vereinzelt zu finden. Neben der Etablierung dieser technischen Innovationen vollzog sich zu dieser Zeit eine entscheidende Wende bei der Herausgabe dieser Drucke: Ursprünglich hatten – meist – Souffleure und Souffleusen die Finanzierung der Journale allein getragen, doch dann wurde die Möglichkeit genutzt, dass ortsansässige Geschäftsleute Werbung in den Journalen veröffentlichten. Dadurch änderte sich nicht nur deren Inhalt, sondern es wurde auch notwendig, die Drucke ansprechender zu gestalten: mit Abbildungen wurde die Attraktivität der Journale erhöht. Die im vorliegenden Doppelband erschlossenen Abbildungen von Mitgliedern einer Gesellschaft vermitteln wichtige Einblicke in den Umgang mit dem Medium Bild resp. Portrait im Rahmen des Marketings. Einerseits fehlen viele bis heute berühmte Personen, andererseits sind sehr viele inzwischen längst vergessene Personen durch Abbildungen dokumentiert. Generell gibt es nicht sonderlich viele Abbildungen pro Person. Bei einer genaueren Betrachtung, an welchem Theater die Darsteller und Darstellerinnen engagiert waren, erkennt man, wie mobil die am Theater Beschäftigten waren. In anderen Fällen, z. B. bei Direktoren oder Direktorinnen, werden auch längere Tätigkeiten an einem Theater durch Abbildungen dokumentiert. Einen Sonderfall stellen die Veröffentlichungen der Bayreuther Festspiele dar. Diese wurden vor der Saison zusammengestellt und dem wohlhabenden Publikum als Souvenir verkauft. Sowohl Umfang als auch Auflagenzahl dieser Publikationen war deutlich größer als diejenigen von durchschnittlichen Theater-Journalen. Daraus erklärt sich die große Zahl der darin abgedruckten Abbildungen.
Paul Silas Peterson presents Karl Barth (1886-1968) in his sociopolitical, cultural, ecclesial, and theological contexts from 1905 to 1935. In the foreground of this inquiry is Barth's relation to the features of his time, especially radical socialist ideology, WWI, an intellectual trend that would later be called the Conservative Revolution, the German Christians, the Young Reformation Movement, and National Socialism."--From back of book.
The book is a historical fiction. This means that the characters are fictional as are their exploits, but the story line is based on historical fact. Most people are unaware that during WWII, Nazi Germany had an operational aircraft carrier, the Graf Zeppelin. Had the Graf Zeppelin sortied with Bismarck, Tirpitz, and Prinz Eugen into the Atlantic in 1939, the entire outcome of the war could have been changed. However, due to an ongoing feud between Hermann Gring and Admiral Erich Raeder, the carrier was not allowed aircraft and she sat out the war as an ineffective white elephant. Gnther Schmidt is assigned the task of obtaining intelligence on the US Navy, specifically about carrier aviation. He places a young frulein, Karen Berr, in a girls college in Pensacola, Florida, where she meets a naval pilot, LTJG John Parker and falls in love, subsequently marrying him. Hermann Gring hates the Kriegsmarine with a passion, and Gnther embarrasses him in front of Hitler, thus becoming a personal enemy. Gnther is targeted by Gring for assassination. Gring, who is in charge of aircraft production, makes the decision to prevent the Kriegsmarine from having navalized aircraft. Gnther is tasked with training pilots for the German Navy in landing techniques for carriers. He sets up a clandestine training facility at Greifswald on the Baltic, flying brightly colored aircraft to misdirect Grings goons. Subsequently, Gnther becomes involved in advising German naval designers in the development of an aircraft carrier. Gring tries to have Gnther assassinated but fails, only killing his wife, Gertrude. Gring hosts a big military bash and brags to Japans ambassador, Baron Hiroshi Oshima, about Germanys plan for world conquest. Oshima sends a report via the oceanic cable to Japan, unaware that the American Navy has broken the diplomatic code and are reading these messages. The transcripts are codenamed Magic. The Spanish Civil War erupts, giving Gnther and his newly trained pilots on-the-job training. Gnther helps Messerschmitt in developing the Bf 109T naval fighter and a dive bomber, the Ju 87 G. Gring tries again to assassinate Gnther and fails. Gnther, using misdirection, manages to have the naval aircraft manufactured and hidden from Gring. World War II erupts and Gnther sails into combat on the Graf Zeppelin as her CAG when she sorties with Tirpitz, Bismarck, and Prinz Eugen. German dive bombers from the Graf Zeppelin sink two British cruisers in the Denmark Strait and assist in sinking the Hood and Prince of Wales. The German flotilla is attacked by British torpedo airplanes, which loses all but one due to the intervention of the Bf 109T fighters. Tirpitz is hit by several torpedoes and must retire. The American Coast Guard Cutter, Modoc, is attacked by German dive bombers, thus bringing America into the war. The German flotilla joins up with Gneisenau and Scharnhrst to begin decimating the convoys. An American flotilla, including Washington and Ranger, intervenes. The resulting battle ends with the destruction of the German flotilla. Gnther is captured by the Americans.
In the latest edition of their popular overview text, Erickson and Murphy continue to provide a comprehensive, affordable, and accessible introduction to anthropological theory from antiquity to the present. A new section on twenty-first-century anthropological theory has been added, with more coverage given to postcolonialism, non-Western anthropology, and public anthropology. The book has also been redesigned to be more visually and pedagogically engaging. Used on its own, or paired with the companion volume Readings for a History of Anthropological Theory, Fourth Edition, this reader offers a flexible and highly useful resource for the undergraduate anthropology classroom. For additional resources, visit the "Teaching Theory" page at www.utpteachingculture.com.
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