Paul Thagard's Books

Natural Philosophy

From Social Brains to Knowledge, Reality, Morality, and Beauty

By: Paul Thagard

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Natural Philosophy

From Social Brains to Knowledge, Reality, Morality, and Beauty

By: Paul Thagard

--Volume 3. Natural philosophy: from social brains to knowledge, reality, morality, and beauty

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361

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Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0190678739

ISBN 13

9780190678739

Mind

Introduction to Cognitive Science

By: Paul Thagard

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Mind

Introduction to Cognitive Science

By: Paul Thagard

An elementary description of the main theories and problems of cognitive science, accessible to readers with different interests and backgrounds.

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279

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Bradford Book

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ISBN 10

0262284863

ISBN 13

9780262284868

Conceptual Revolutions

By: Paul Thagard

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In this path-breaking work, Paul Thagard draws on history and philosophy of science, cognitive psychology, and the field of artificial intelligence to develop a theory of conceptual change capable of accounting for all major scientific revolutions. The history of science contains dramatic episodes of revolutionary change in which whole systems of concepts have been replaced by new systems. For example, Copernicus's theory of the solar system supplanted Ptolemy's, and Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection replaced earlier creationist views. Thagard provides a new and comprehensive perspective on the transformation of scientific conceptual systems. In addition to examining the Copernican and the Darwinian revolutions, Thagard turns his attention to the emergence of Newton's mechanics, Lavoisier's oxygen theory, Einstein's theory of relativity, quantum theory, and the geological theory of plate tectonics. He discusses the psychological mechanisms by which new concepts and links between them are formed, and advances a computational theory of explanatory coherence to show how new theories can be judged to be superior to previous ones. To assess whether the field of psychology has undergone revolutions similar to those in physics, chemistry, biology, and geology, he describes the nature and growth of behaviorism and cognitivism. Finally, he compares the transformations in scientific revolutions with the kinds of conceptual change that developmental psychologists have observed in children. Conceptual Revolutions is essential reading for historians and philosophers of science, and has important implications as well for research in cognitive science. It is clearly written and shouldbe accessible to anyone interested in problems of scientific change.

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285

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Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press

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ISBN 10

0691087458

ISBN 13

9780691087450

Mind-Society

From Brains to Social Sciences and Professions (Treatise on Mind and Society)

By: Paul Thagard

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Mind-Society

From Brains to Social Sciences and Professions (Treatise on Mind and Society)

By: Paul Thagard

How do minds make societies, and how do societies change? Paul Thagard systematically connects neural and psychological explanations of mind with major social sciences (social psychology, sociology, politics, economics, anthropology, and history) and professions (medicine, law, education, engineering, and business). Social change emerges from interacting social and mental mechanisms. Many economists and political scientists assume that individuals make rational choices, despite the abundance of evidence that people frequently succumb to thinking errors such as motivated inference. Much of sociology and anthropology is taken over with postmodernist assumptions that everything is constructed on the basis of social relations such as power, with no inkling that these relations are mediated by how people think about each other. Mind-Society displays the interdependence of the cognitive and social sciences by describing the interconnections among mental and social mechanisms, which interact to generate social changes ranging from marriage patterns to wars. Validation comes from detailed studies of important social changes, from norms about romantic relationships to economic practices, political institutions, religious customs, and international relations. This book belongs to a trio that includes Brain-Mind: From Neurons to Consciousness and Creativity and Natural Philosophy: From Social Brains to Knowledge, Reality, Morality, and Beauty. They can be read independently, but together they make up a Treatise on Mind and Society that provides a unified and comprehensive treatment of the cognitive sciences, social sciences, professions, and humanities.

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400

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Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0190686413

ISBN 13

9780190686413

Mind, second edition

Introduction to Cognitive Science

By: Paul Thagard

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Mind, second edition

Introduction to Cognitive Science

By: Paul Thagard

Cognitive science approaches the study of mind and intelligence from an interdisciplinary perspective, working at the intersection of philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. With Mind, Paul Thagard offers an introduction to this interdisciplinary field for readers who come to the subject with very different backgrounds. It is suitable for classroom use by students with interests ranging from computer science and engineering to psychology and philosophy. Thagard's systematic descriptions and evaluations of the main theories of mental representation advanced by cognitive scientists allow students to see that there are many complementary approaches to the investigation of mind. The fundamental theoretical perspectives he describes include logic, rules, concepts, analogies, images, and connections (artificial neural networks). The discussion of these theories provides an integrated view of the different achievements of the various fields of cognitive science. This second edition includes substantial revision and new material. Part I, which presents the different theoretical approaches, has been updated in light of recent work the field. Part II, which treats extensions to cognitive science, has been thoroughly revised, with new chapters added on brains, emotions, and consciousness. Other additions include a list of relevant Web sites at the end of each chapter and a glossary at the end of the book. As in the first edition, each chapter concludes with a summary and suggestions for further reading.

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279

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MIT Press

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ISBN 10

026270109X

ISBN 13

9780262701099

Balance

How It Works and What It Means

By: Paul Thagard

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Balance

How It Works and What It Means

By: Paul Thagard

Living is a balancing act. Ordinary activities like walking, running, or riding a bike require the brain to keep the body in balance. A dancer’s poised elegance and a tightrope walker’s breathtaking performance are feats of balance. Language abounds with expressions and figures of speech that invoke balance. People fret over work-life balance or try to eat a balanced diet. The concept crops up from politics—checks and balances, the balance of power, balanced budgets—to science, in which ideas of equilibrium are crucial. Why is balance so fundamental, and how do physical and metaphorical balance shed light on each other? Paul Thagard explores the physiological workings and metaphorical resonance of balance in the brain, the body, and society. He describes the neural mechanisms that keep bodies balanced and explains why their failures can result in nausea, falls, or vertigo. Thagard connects bodily balance with leading ideas in neuroscience, including the nature of consciousness. He analyzes balance metaphors across science, medicine, economics, the arts, and philosophy, showing why some aid understanding but others are misleading or harmful. Thagard contends that balance is ultimately a matter of making sense of the world. In both literal and metaphorical senses, balance is what enables people to solve the puzzles of life by turning sensory signals or an incongruous comparison into a coherent whole. Bridging philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience, Balance shows how an unheralded concept’s many meanings illuminate the human condition.

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259

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Columbia University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0231556071

ISBN 13

9780231556071

How Scientists Explain Disease

By: Paul Thagard

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How Scientists Explain Disease

By: Paul Thagard

How do scientists develop new explanations of disease? How do those explanations become accepted as true? And how does medical diagnosis change when physicians are confronted with new scientific evidence? These are some of the questions that Paul Thagard pursues in this pathbreaking book that develops a new, integrative approach to the study of science. Ranging through the history of medicine, from the Hippocratic theory of humors to modern explanations of Mad Cow Disease and chronic fatigue syndrome, Thagard analyzes the development and acceptance of scientific ideas. At the heart of the book is a case study of the recent dramatic shift in medical understanding of peptic ulcers, most of which are now believed to be caused by infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. When this explanation was first proposed in 1983, it was greeted with intense skepticism by most medical experts, but it became widely accepted over the next decade. Thagard discusses the psychological processes of discovery and acceptance, the physical processes involving instruments and experiments, and the social processes of collaboration, communication, and consensus that brought about this transformation in medical knowledge. How Scientists Explain Disease challenges both traditional philosophy of science, which has viewed science as largely a matter of logic, and contemporary science studies that view science as largely a matter of power. Drawing on theories of distributed computing and artificial intelligence, Paul Thagard develops new models that make sense of scientific change as a complex system of cognitive, social, and physical interactions. This is a book that will appeal to all readers with an interest in the development of science and medicine. It combines an engaging style, significant research, and a powerfully original argument.

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285

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Princeton University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0691187304

ISBN 13

9780691187303

Brain-mind

From Neurons to Consciousness and Creativity

By: Paul Thagard

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Brain-mind

From Neurons to Consciousness and Creativity

By: Paul Thagard

Brain-Mind presents a unified, brain-based theory of cognition and emotion, with applications to the most complex kinds of thinking, right up to consciousness and creativity. Unification comes from systematic application of Chris Eliasmith's powerful new Semantic Pointer Architecture, a highly original synthesis of neural network and symbolic ideas about how the mind works. Thagard will show the relevance of semantic pointers to a full range of important kinds of mental representations, from sensations and imagery to concepts, rules, analogies, and emotions. Neural mechanisms can then be used to explain many phenomena concerning consciousness, action, intention, language, creativity, and the self. Because of their broad importance, Thagard has tried to make Eliasmith's ideas accessible to a broad audience with no special background in neuroscience or mathematics. The value of a unified theory of thinking goes well beyond psychology, neuroscience, and the other cognitive sciences"--

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337

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Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0190678712

ISBN 13

9780190678715

The Brain and the Meaning of Life

By: Paul Thagard

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The Brain and the Meaning of Life

By: Paul Thagard

How brain science answers the most intriguing questions about the meaning of life Why is life worth living? What makes actions right or wrong? What is reality and how do we know it? The Brain and the Meaning of Life draws on research in philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience to answer some of the most pressing questions about life's nature and value. Paul Thagard argues that evidence requires the abandonment of many traditional ideas about the soul, free will, and immortality, and shows how brain science matters for fundamental issues about reality, morality, and the meaning of life. The ongoing Brain Revolution reveals how love, work, and play provide good reasons for living. Defending the superiority of evidence-based reasoning over religious faith and philosophical thought experiments, Thagard argues that minds are brains and that reality is what science can discover. Brains come to know reality through a combination of perception and reasoning. Just as important, our brains evaluate aspects of reality through emotions that can produce both good and bad decisions. Our cognitive and emotional abilities allow us to understand reality, decide effectively, act morally, and pursue the vital needs of love, work, and play. Wisdom consists of knowing what matters, why it matters, and how to achieve it. The Brain and the Meaning of Life shows how brain science helps to answer questions about the nature of mind and reality, while alleviating anxiety about the difficulty of life in a vast universe. The book integrates decades of multidisciplinary research, but its clear explanations and humor make it accessible to the general reader.

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293

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Princeton University Press

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ISBN 10

1400834619

ISBN 13

9781400834617

Falsehoods Fly

Why Misinformation Spreads and How to Stop It

By: Paul Thagard

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Falsehoods Fly

Why Misinformation Spreads and How to Stop It

By: Paul Thagard

Misinformation is one of the twenty-first century’s greatest challenges, a peril to democracy, peace, science, and public health. Yet we lack a clear understanding of what makes misinformation so potent and why it can spread so rapidly. In Falsehoods Fly, a leading cognitive scientist and philosopher offers a new framework for recognizing and countering misleading claims by exploring the ways that information works—and breaks down. Paul Thagard examines the dangers of misinformation on COVID-19, climate change, conspiracy theories, inequality, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. He argues that effective responses to these problems require understanding how information is generated and spread. Bringing together empirical findings about the psychological and social mechanisms that drive cognitive errors with philosophical accounts of critical thinking, Thagard develops an innovative theory of how we gain information. Grasping how the generation and transmission of knowledge can fail helps us find ways to repair it and provides tools for converting misinformation into facts. Offering a deep and rich account of the nature and workings of information, Falsehoods Fly provides practical, concrete strategies to stop the creation and spread of misinformation.

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576

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Columbia University Press

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ISBN 10

0231560117

ISBN 13

9780231560115

Brain-Mind

From Neurons to Consciousness and Creativity (Treatise on Mind and Society)

By: Paul Thagard

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Brain-Mind

From Neurons to Consciousness and Creativity (Treatise on Mind and Society)

By: Paul Thagard

How do brains make minds? Paul Thagard presents a unified, brain-based theory of cognition and emotion with applications to the most complex kinds of thinking, right up to consciousness and creativity. Neural mechanisms are used to explain mental operations for analogy, action, intention, language, and the self. Brain-Mind develops a brilliant account of mental operations using promising new ideas from theoretical neuroscience. Single neurons cannot do much by themselves, but groups of neurons work together to accomplish powerful kinds of mental representation, including concepts, images, and rules. Minds enable people to perceive, imagine, solve problems, understand, learn, speak, reason, create, and be emotional and conscious. Competing explanations of how the mind works have identified it as soul, computer, brain, dynamical system, or social construction. This book explains minds in terms of interacting mechanisms operating at multiple levels, including the social, mental, neural, and molecular. Unification comes from systematic application of Chris Eliasmith's powerful Semantic Pointer Architecture, a highly original synthesis of neural network and symbolic ideas about how the mind works. This book belongs to a trio that includes Mind-Society: From Brains to Social Sciences and Professions and Natural Philosophy: From Social Brains to Knowledge, Reality, Morality, and Beauty. They can be read independently, but together they make up a Treatise on Mind and Society that provides a unified and comprehensive treatment of the cognitive sciences, social sciences, professions, and humanities.

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304

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Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0190686383

ISBN 13

9780190686383

How Scientists Explain Disease

By: Paul Thagard

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How Scientists Explain Disease

By: Paul Thagard

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285

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Princeton University Press

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ISBN 10

0691187304

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9780691187303

Computational Philosophy of Science

By: Paul Thagard

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Computational Philosophy of Science

By: Paul Thagard

By applying research in artificial intelligence to problems in the philosophy of science, Paul Thagard develops an exciting new approach to the study of scientific reasoning. This approach uses computational ideas to shed light on how scientific theories are discovered, evaluated, and used in explanations. Thagard describes a detailed computational model of problem solving and discovery that provides a conceptually rich yet rigorous alternative to accounts of scientific knowledge based on formal logic, and he uses it to illuminate such topics as the nature of concepts, hypothesis formation, analogy, and theory justification.

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260

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MIT Press

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ISBN 10

0262700484

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9780262700481

Uncovering the Constitution's Moral Design

By: Paul R. DeHart

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Uncovering the Constitution's Moral Design

By: Paul R. DeHart

The U.S. Constitution provides a framework for our laws, but what does it have to say about morality? Paul DeHart ferrets out that document's implicit moral assumptions as he revisits the notion that constitutions are more than merely practical institutional arrangements. In Uncovering the Constitution's Moral Design, he seeks to reveal, elaborate, and then evaluate the Constitution's normative framework to determine whether it is philosophically sound-and whether it makes moral assumptions that correspond to reality. Rejecting the standard approach of the intellectual historian, DeHart for the first time in constitutional theory applies the method of inference to the best explanation to ascertaining our Constitution's moral meaning. He distinguishes the Constitution's intention from the subjective intentions of the framers, teasing out presuppositions that the document makes about the nature of sovereignty, the common good, natural law, and natural rights. He then argues that the Constitution constrains popular sovereignty in a way that entails a real common good, transcendent of human willing and promotive of human well-being, but he points out that while the Constitution presupposes a real common good, it also implies a natural law that prescribes the common good. In critiquing previous attempts at describing and evaluating the Constitution's normative framework, DeHart demonstrates that the Constitution's moral framework corresponds largely to classical moral theory. He challenges the logical coherency of modern moral philosophy, normative positivism, and other theories that the Constitution has been argued to embody and offers a groundbreaking methodology that can be applied to uncovering the normative framework of other constitutions as well. This cogently argued study shows that the Constitution presupposes a natural law to which human law must conform, and it takes a major step in resolving current debates over the Constitution's normative framework while remaining detached from the social issues that divide today's political arena. Uncovering the Constitution's Moral Design is an original approach to the Constitution that marks a significant contribution to understanding the moral underpinnings of our form of government.

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311

Publisher

University of Missouri Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0826266088

ISBN 13

9780826266088

Balance

How It Works and What It Means

By: Paul Thagard

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Balance

How It Works and What It Means

By: Paul Thagard

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259

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Columbia University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0231556071

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9780231556071

Mind-Society

From Brains to Social Sciences and Professions (Treatise on Mind and Society)

By: Paul Thagard

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Mind-Society

From Brains to Social Sciences and Professions (Treatise on Mind and Society)

By: Paul Thagard

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489

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0190686405

ISBN 13

9780190686406

By Parallel Reasoning

By: Paul Bartha

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By Parallel Reasoning

By: Paul Bartha

In By Parallel Reasoning Paul Bartha proposes a normative theory of analogical arguments and raises questions and proposes answers regarding (i.) criteria for evaluating analogical arguments, (ii.) the philosophical justification for analogical reasoning, and (iii.) the place of scientific analogies in the context of theoretical confirmation.

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371

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Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0199717052

ISBN 13

9780199717057

Social Linguistics and Literacies

Ideology in Discourses

By: James Gee,James Paul Gee

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Social Linguistics and Literacies

Ideology in Discourses

By: James Gee,James Paul Gee

This fully-updated new edition engages with topics such as orality and literacy, the history of literacy, the uses and abuses of literacy in that history, the analysis of language as cultural communication, and social theories of mind and meaning, among many other topics. It represents the most current statement of a widely discussed and used theory about how language functions in society, a theory initially developed in the first edition of the book, and developed in this new edition in tandem with analytic techniques for the study of language and literacy in context, with special reference to cross-cultural issues in communities and schools. Built around a large number of specific examples, this new edition reflects current debates across the world about education and educational reform, the nature of language and communication, and the role of sociocultural diversity in schools and society. One of the core goals of this book, from its first edition on, has been to develop a new and more widely applicable vision of applied linguistics. It will be of interest to researchers, lecturers and students in education, linguistics, or any field that deals with language, especially in social or cultural terms.

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257

Publisher

Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

1134089856

ISBN 13

9781134089857

Science and the Good

The Tragic Quest for the Foundations of Morality

By: James Davison Hunter,Paul Nedelisky

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Science and the Good

The Tragic Quest for the Foundations of Morality

By: James Davison Hunter,Paul Nedelisky

Why efforts to create a scientific basis of morality are neither scientific nor moral: “Important and timely.”—The Wall Street Journal In this illuminating book, James Davison Hunter and Paul Nedelisky trace the origins and development of the centuries-long, passionate, but ultimately failed quest to discover a scientific foundation for morality. The “new moral science” led by such figures as E.O. Wilson, Patricia Churchland, Sam Harris, Jonathan Haidt, and Joshua Greene is only the newest manifestation of that quest. Though claims for its accomplishments are often wildly exaggerated, this new iteration has been no more successful than its predecessors. But rather than giving up in the face of this failure, the new moral science has taken a surprising turn. Whereas earlier efforts sought to demonstrate what is right and wrong, the new moral scientists have concluded, ironically, that right and wrong don’t actually exist. Their (perhaps unwitting) moral nihilism turns the science of morality into a social engineering project. If there is nothing moral for science to discover, the science of morality becomes, at best, a feeble program to achieve arbitrary societal goals. Concise and rigorously argued, Science and the Good is a definitive critique of a would-be science that has gained extraordinary influence in public discourse today—and an exposé of that project’s darker turn. “Science and the Good is a closely argued, always accessible riposte to those who think scientific study can explain, improve or even supersede morality . . . A generous and thoughtful critique.” —The Daily Telegraph

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273

Publisher

Yale University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0300240406

ISBN 13

9780300240405

Making Sense

A Theory of Interpretation

By: Paul Thom

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Making Sense

A Theory of Interpretation

By: Paul Thom

Critics and artists (including performing artists) claim the title of 'interpreter' for themselves. Scientists do not so readily describe themselves in this way. But is the formulation of explanatory hypotheses in science so different from the interpretive work of artists? Making Sense recognizes that whenever interpretation occurs there may be a plurality of competing successful interpretations. It offers a philosophical theory that views the interpretive enterprise as an attempt to make sense of things by representing them in ways that can be accommodated within various significance-systems.

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127

Publisher

Rowman & Littlefield Publishers

Published Date

ISBN 10

1461639085

ISBN 13

9781461639084

Advances in Case-Based Reasoning

Second European Workshop, EWCBR-94, Chantilly, France, November 7 - 10, 1994. Selected Papers

By: Jean-Paul Haton,Michel Manago

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Advances in Case-Based Reasoning

Second European Workshop, EWCBR-94, Chantilly, France, November 7 - 10, 1994. Selected Papers

By: Jean-Paul Haton,Michel Manago

The type of material considered for publication includes drafts of original papers or monographs, technical reports of high quality and broad interest, advanced-level lectures, reports of meetings, provided they are of exceptional interest and focused on a single topic.

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326

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Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

3540603646

ISBN 13

9783540603641

Systematicity

The Nature of Science

By: Paul Hoyningen-Huene

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Systematicity

The Nature of Science

By: Paul Hoyningen-Huene

In Systematicity, Paul Hoyningen-Huene answers the question "What is science?" by proposing that scientific knowledge is primarily distinguished from other forms of knowledge, especially everyday knowledge, by being more systematic. "Science" is here understood in the broadest possible sense, encompassing not only the natural sciences but also mathematics, the social sciences, and the humanities. The author develops his thesis in nine dimensions in which it is claimed that science is more systematic than other forms of knowledge: regarding descriptions, explanations, predictions, the defense of knowledge claims, critical discourse, epistemic connectedness, an ideal of completeness, knowledge generation, and the representation of knowledge. He compares his view with positions on the question held by philosophers from Aristotle to Nicholas Rescher. The book concludes with an exploration of some consequences of Hoyningen-Huene's view concerning the genesis and dynamics of science, the relationship of science and common sense, normative implications of the thesis, and the demarcation criterion between science and pseudo-science.

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304

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Oxford University Press, USA

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ISBN 10

0199985057

ISBN 13

9780199985050

Suddenly, Tomorrow Came

The NASA History of the Johnson Space Center

By: Henry C. Dethloff,Paul Dickson

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Suddenly, Tomorrow Came

The NASA History of the Johnson Space Center

By: Henry C. Dethloff,Paul Dickson

Reprint of: [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993. -- (The NASA history series) (NASA SP; 4307).

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434

Publisher

Courier Corporation

Published Date

ISBN 10

0486477568

ISBN 13

9780486477565

Natural Philosophy

From Social Brains to Knowledge, Reality, Morality, and Beauty (Treatise on Mind and Society)

By: Paul Thagard

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Natural Philosophy

From Social Brains to Knowledge, Reality, Morality, and Beauty (Treatise on Mind and Society)

By: Paul Thagard

Paul Thagard uses new accounts of brain mechanisms and social interactions to forge theories of mind, knowledge, reality, morality, justice, meaning, and the arts. Natural Philosophy brings new methods for analyzing concepts, understanding values, and achieving coherence. It shows how to unify the humanities with the cognitive and social sciences. How can people know what is real and strive to make the world better? Philosophy is the attempt to answer general questions about the nature of knowledge, reality, and values. Natural Philosophy pursues these questions by drawing heavily on the sciences and finds no room for supernatural entities such as souls, gods, and possible worlds. It provides original accounts of the traditional branches of philosophy, including epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics. Rather than reducing the humanities to the sciences, this book displays fertile interconnections that show that philosophical questions and artistic practices can be much better understood by considering how human brains operate and interact in social contexts. The sciences and the humanities are interdependent, because both the natural and social sciences cannot avoid questions about methods and values that are primarily the province of philosophy. This book belongs to a trio that includes Brain-Mind: From Neurons to Consciousness and Creativity and Mind-Society: From Brains to Social Sciences and Professions. They can be read independently, but together they make up a Treatise on Mind and Society that provides a unified and comprehensive treatment of the cognitive sciences, social sciences, professions, and humanities.

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361

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

019068643X

ISBN 13

9780190686437

Expert Evidence and Scientific Proof in Criminal Trials

By: Paul Roberts

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Expert Evidence and Scientific Proof in Criminal Trials

By: Paul Roberts

Forensic science evidence and expert witness testimony play an increasingly prominent role in modern criminal proceedings. Science produces powerful evidence of criminal offending, but has also courted controversy and sometimes contributed towards miscarriages of justice. The twenty-six articles and essays reproduced in this volume explore the theoretical foundations of modern scientific proof and critically consider the practical issues to which expert evidence gives rise in contemporary criminal trials. The essays are prefaced by a substantial new introduction which provides an overview and incisive commentary contextualising the key debates. The volume begins by placingforensic science in interdisciplinary focus, with contributions from historical, sociological, Science and Technology Studies (STS), philosophical and jurisprudential perspectives. This is followed by closer examination of the role of forensic science and other expert evidence in criminal proceedings, exposing enduring tensions and addressing recent controversies in the relationship between science and criminal law. A third set of contributions considers the practical challenges of interpreting and communicating forensic science evidence. This perennial battle continues to be fought at the intersection between the logic of scientific inference and the psychology of the fact-finder‘scommon sense reasoning. Finally, the volume‘s fourth group of essays evaluates the (limited) success of existing procedural reforms aimed at improving the reception of expert testimony in criminal adjudication, and considers future prospects for institutional renewal - with a keen eye to comparative law models and experiences, success stories and cautionary tales.

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398

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Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

135156739X

ISBN 13

9781351567398

Mental Leaps

Analogy in Creative Thought

By: Keith J. Holyoak,Paul Thagard

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Mental Leaps

Analogy in Creative Thought

By: Keith J. Holyoak,Paul Thagard

Analogy—recalling familiar past situations to deal with novel ones—is a mental tool that everyone uses. Analogy can provide invaluable creative insights, but it can also lead to dangerous errors. In Mental Leaps two leading cognitive scientists show how analogy works and how it can be used most effectively. Keith Holyoak and Paul Thagard provide a unified, comprehensive account of the diverse operations and applications of analogy, including problem solving, decision making, explanation, and communication. Holyoak and Thagard present their own theory of analogy, considering its implications for cognitive science in general, and survey examples from many other domains. These include animal cognition, developmental and social psychology, political science, philosophy, history of science, anthropology, and literature. Understanding how we draw analogies is important for people interested in the evolution of thinking in animals and in children; for those whose focus is on either creative thinking or errors of everyday reasoning; for those concerned with how decisions are made in law, business, and politics; and for those striving to improve education. Mental Leaps covers all of this ground, emphasizing the principles that govern the use of analogy and keeping technical matters to a minimum. A Bradford Book

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340

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MIT Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0262581442

ISBN 13

9780262581448

Hot Thought

Mechanisms and Applications of Emotional Cognition

By: Paul Thagard

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Hot Thought

Mechanisms and Applications of Emotional Cognition

By: Paul Thagard

A description of mental mechanisms that explain how emotions influence thought, from everyday decision making to scientific discovery and religious belief, and an analysis of when emotion can contribute to good reasoning.

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315

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MIT Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0262701243

ISBN 13

9780262701242

Bots and Beasts

What Makes Machines, Animals, and People Smart?

By: Paul Thagard

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Bots and Beasts

What Makes Machines, Animals, and People Smart?

By: Paul Thagard

An expert on mind considers how animals and smart machines measure up to human intelligence. Octopuses can open jars to get food, and chimpanzees can plan for the future. An IBM computer named Watson won on Jeopardy! and Alexa knows our favorite songs. But do animals and smart machines really have intelligence comparable to that of humans? In Bots and Beasts, Paul Thagard looks at how computers ("bots") and animals measure up to the minds of people, offering the first systematic comparison of intelligence across machines, animals, and humans. Thagard explains that human intelligence is more than IQ and encompasses such features as problem solving, decision making, and creativity. He uses a checklist of twenty characteristics of human intelligence to evaluate the smartest machines--including Watson, AlphaZero, virtual assistants, and self-driving cars--and the most intelligent animals--including octopuses, dogs, dolphins, bees, and chimpanzees. Neither a romantic enthusiast for nonhuman intelligence nor a skeptical killjoy, Thagard offers a clear assessment. He discusses hotly debated issues about animal intelligence concerning bacterial consciousness, fish pain, and dog jealousy. He evaluates the plausibility of achieving human-level artificial intelligence and considers ethical and policy issues. A full appreciation of human minds reveals that current bots and beasts fall far short of human capabilities.

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307

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MIT Press

Published Date

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0262548542

ISBN 13

9780262548540

Mind, second edition

Introduction to Cognitive Science

By: Paul Thagard

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Mind, second edition

Introduction to Cognitive Science

By: Paul Thagard

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284

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MIT Press

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ISBN 10

026270109X

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9780262701099

Bacchic Medicine

Wine and Alcohol Therapies from Napoleon to the French Paradox

By: Harry W. Paul

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Bacchic Medicine

Wine and Alcohol Therapies from Napoleon to the French Paradox

By: Harry W. Paul

Wine has always been a part of popular medicine. Bacchic Medicine analyses the historical role of wine in the treatment of disease and preservation of health and also discusses the contemporary debate over the role of alcohol and wine in preventive medicine.

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321

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BRILL

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ISBN 10

9004333428

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9789004333420

Ten Steps to Complex Learning

A Systematic Approach to Four-Component Instructional Design

By: Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer,Paul A. Kirschner

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Ten Steps to Complex Learning

A Systematic Approach to Four-Component Instructional Design

By: Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer,Paul A. Kirschner

Ten Steps to Complex Learning presents a path from an educational problem to a solution in a way that students, practitioners, and researchers can understand and easily use. Students in the field of instructional design can use this book to broaden their knowledge of the design of training programs for complex learning. Practitioners can use this book as a reference guide to support their design of courses, curricula, or environments for complex learning. Now fully revised to incorporate the most current research in the field, this third edition of Ten Steps to Complex Learning includes many references to recent research as well as two new chapters. One new chapter deals with the training of 21st-century skills in educational programs based on the Ten Steps. The other deals with the design of assessment programs that are fully aligned with the Ten Steps. In the closing chapter, new directions for the further development of the Ten Steps are discussed.

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382

Publisher

Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

1351624350

ISBN 13

9781351624350

Waste Incineration Handbook

By: Paul Cheremisinoff

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Waste Incineration Handbook

By: Paul Cheremisinoff

Waste Incineration Handbook discusses the basic concepts and data on wastes combustion, including the management of waste incineration as a means to control pollution, as well as the process technologies involved. The book reviews the combustion principles such as fuel-to-air ratio, the products of combustion, material and thermal balances. Incineration produces emissions in the form of particulate matter, odorous or noxious gases. Conventional particle capturing devices use gravity settling, inertia or momentum, filtration or electrostatic precipitation, and agglomeration via sonic mechanical means to facilitate removal by increasing particle size. Secondary combustion with or without catalysts, and wet scrubbing control are methods to control or eliminate objectionable odors. The design and operation of an efficient incinerator is based on proper proportions of air and fuel; sufficient temperature; adequate furnace volume; constant maintenance of ignition temperatures; and minimized fly-ash entrainment. The text also discusses on-site incineration and incineration at sea. The book is suitable for economists, environmentalists, ecologists, marine ecologists, and policy makers involved in environmental preservation and pollution control.

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160

Publisher

Butterworth-Heinemann

Published Date

ISBN 10

1483161269

ISBN 13

9781483161266

Connected Words

Word associations and second language vocabulary acquisition

By: Paul Meara

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Connected Words

Word associations and second language vocabulary acquisition

By: Paul Meara

What words come into your head when you think of SUN? For native English speakers, the most common responses are MOON, SHINE and HOT, and about half of all native speaker responses to SUN are covered by these three words. L2 English speakers are much less obliging, and produce patterns of association that are markedly different from those produced by native speakers. Why? What does this tell us about the way L2 speakers' vocabularies grow and develop? This volume provides a user-friendly introduction to a research technique which has the potential to answer some long-standing puzzles about L2 vocabulary. The method is easy to use, even for inexperienced researchers, but it produces immensely rich data, which can be analysed on many different levels. The book explores how word association data can be used to probe the development of vocabulary depth, productive vocabulary skills and lexical organisation in L2 speakers.

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194

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John Benjamins Publishing

Published Date

ISBN 10

9027289077

ISBN 13

9789027289070

Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology

Volume Two

By: Paul A M Van Lange,Arie W Kruglanski,E Tory Higgins

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Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology

Volume Two

By: Paul A M Van Lange,Arie W Kruglanski,E Tory Higgins

This innovative two-volume handbook provides a comprehensive exploration of the major developments of social psychological theories that have taken place over the past half century, culminating in a state of the art overview of the primary theories and models that have been developed in this vast and fascinating field. Authored by leading international experts, each chapter represents a personal and historical narrative of the theory's development including the inspirations, critical junctures, and problem-solving efforts that have effected the choices made in each theory's evolution as well as the impact each has had on the canon of social psychology. Unique to this handbook, these narratives provide a rich background for understanding how theories are created more generally; how they're nurtured and shaped over time: and how through examination we can better understand their unique contribution to society as a whole. The Handbook also illustrates how the various theories contribute to understanding and solving critical social issues and problems. The Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology is an essential resource for researchers and students of social psychology and related disciplines.

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561

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SAGE Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

0857029614

ISBN 13

9780857029614

Rewired

Exploring Religious Conversion

By: Paul N. Markham

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Rewired

Exploring Religious Conversion

By: Paul N. Markham

Rewired begins with the claim that contemporary views of Christian spirituality, particularly in the American evangelical tradition, concentrate too exclusively on the interior and individual nature of spiritual experience. Paul Markham argues that a reexamination of the doctrine of religious conversion is needed within American evangelicalism and finds resources for such a model in the Wesleyan theological tradition and from philosophical and scientific insights into a nonreductive physicalist view of human nature. In considering data from theology and science, this book represents an integrated work in science and religion.

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257

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Wipf and Stock Publishers

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ISBN 10

1556352948

ISBN 13

9781556352942

Multi-Agent and Multi-Agent-Based Simulation

Joint Workshop MABS 2004

By: Paul Davidsson

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Multi-Agent and Multi-Agent-Based Simulation

Joint Workshop MABS 2004

By: Paul Davidsson

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed postproceedings of the Joint International Workshop on Multi-Agent and Multi-Agent-Based Simulation, MABS 2004, held in New York, NY, USA in July 2004. The 20 revised full papers presented have gone through two rounds of reviewing, selection, and improvement; they present state-of-the-art research results in agent-based simulation and modeling. The papers are organized in topical sections on simulation of multi-agent systems, techniques and technologies, methodology and modeling, social dynamics, and application.

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275

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Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

3540252622

ISBN 13

9783540252627

Knowledge and Evidence

By: Paul K. Moser

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Knowledge and Evidence

By: Paul K. Moser

Philosophers have sought to define knowledge since the time of Plato. This inquiry outlines a theory of rational belief by challenging prominent skeptical claims that we have no justified beliefs about the external world.

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304

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Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0521423635

ISBN 13

9780521423632

Book's by Paul Thagard

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