Paul Streeten is recognised as one of the profession's most eminent authorities on economic development. In these lectures he provides a major statement on his approach to the development problem, stressing that human development, not simply income growth, should be the focus of all strategies to eradicate hunger and poverty in the world. His argument assigns an important role to reformed government - both in providing social services and in facilitating the functioning of markets - in opposition to the prevailing idea that minimal government is more often than not the optimal solution. The role of small and larger firms, institutions, central and local government is also carefully examined. Streeten outlines a normative political economy - how to mobilise reformist alliances, how to use interest group, how to harness coalition - in the pursuit of effective development.
Toward a New Strategy for Development: A Rothko Chapel Colloquium is a collection of papers commissioned by the Rothko Chapel and presented at a colloquium held in Houston, Texas on February 3-5, 1977. The colloquium provided a forum for discussing the need for a new strategy for development, with emphasis on needs and programs from the perspectives of the developed countries at the center of the world's economic system and of the developing countries at its periphery, and from the standpoint of different disciplines. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to Marxism and its congruence with other neoclassical doctrines such as the Chicago School, followed by a discussion on development economics as well as the conditions that gave rise to the rapidly growing interest in development. The next chapter traces the origins and history of one major body of Latin American ideas on development since the early 1950s: the United Nation's Economic Commission for Latin America. Subsequent chapters explore internal issues of development within countries, with emphasis on urban and rural bias as well as factors that influence regional development policy; the postwar economic experience of the Third World; and the reactions of developed countries to calls for a new international economic order. This monograph will be of interest to economists and sociologists.
This volume contains 17 scholarly papers authored by Paul Streeten, the well-known American development economist and social thinker. Streeten's writings have assumed added significance in the context of both the globalization and privatization waves sweeping across the countries of the world, particularly the developing countries. In the immediate context, his ideas are relevant for understanding and dealing with the current global financial crisis, which has been billed by experts as the worst since the Great Depression of early the 1930s. The book covers a wide range of issues and concerns which have contemporary relevance for the social and economic development of countries worldwide. It discusses, reviews, and evaluates topical subjects, including poverty and hunger, global governance, cyber-terror, effects of globalization, international cooperation, global justice, empowerment of the disadvantaged, political economy reforms, the role of non-government organizations, and concerns raised by technological advancements including nanotechnology. The papers provide glimpses of Streeten's innovative ideas, such as a global central bank, a global income tax, a global body to provide information on investments, an international investment trust, and a global migration agency. Streeten also suggests a transnational secretariat and a council of wise men and women to monitor the performance of proposed bodies. He also delves on gender issues which he considers particularly important for reproductive freedom. The papers are valuable for researchers, teachers, students, and even laypersons who wish to understand current trends and issues in social and economic development of countries worldwide, particularly the developing economies of Asia.
This collection of papers by some of the world's leading development economists is remarkable for its wide scope. It covers such varied topics as stagflation in the third world; the extension of free trade to include international investment; the early 1980s in Latin America; the economic growth of Africa and communal land tenure systems and their role in rural development. As well as representing important contributions in themselves, the papers acquire unity from a similarity in approach - always giving priority to reality if it comes into conflict with theoretical bias.
Key questions in food ethics-food aid, local diets, food labelling, sustainability and agricultural pollution-have been understood through a lens that takes production, processing and distribution to be general features of the industrial economy. Challenging these fundamental assumptions calls for an approach that goes beyond dietary advice. A deep inquiry into the nature of food and farming, and into the institutions that structure food purchases and environmental regulation shows how a place-based agrarian outlook reveals unappreciated philosophical complexity, opening to a more satisfactory ethos for contemporary food practices. At the same time, the promise of an alternative food ethic requires uncovering the way that traditional agrarian norms continue to be implicated in structural racism and oppression. Thompson's "agrarian pragmatism" counters mainstream applied ethics with a line of argument contrasting ethical inquiry with discourses of persuasion and social control. The book concludes with a study of how food ethics provides an entry into dialog between themes in environmental philosophy and the philosophy of race"--
Disaster Relief Aid: Changes and Challenges provides a comprehensive analysis of disaster relief efforts undertaken globally during the last several decades, and examines the changes and challenges that have emerged over time. The book evaluates the current state of disaster relief and discusses how it may be improved. The author examines salient features of disaster relief operations and provides an overview of the development of global humanitarian assistance programs. The book also explores how disaster aid is channelled from non-affected areas to affected areas. Using five major natural and man-made disasters as case studies, the book analyses the nature and extent of emergency relief efforts undertaken for each. The final chapter covers the post-disaster convergence phenomenon; outlines the major challenges of international disaster relief operation and finally, posits recommendations on how to improve future disaster relief efforts. This is an essential interdisciplinary text on disaster response for both undergraduate and graduate students as well as an invaluable resource for disaster researchers, managers, and numerous international and national non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and international agencies.
Book is definitive in its area and one of the most significant titles in development economics in the 1990's Sold in total nearly 3,000 copies of the first edition Authors are very prestigious: Mosley is full Professor at Reading, Toye is Head of the prestigious Institute of Development Studies
Based on solid research, "Jingji Xue" presents how Economics, as a thought as well as an intellectual discipline, had been introduced to China. It identifies the Chinese who studied Economics in the West and evaluates their roles in teaching, research, and publication in China. Particularly, it describes and examines the activities of Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Sun Yat-sen, and Yan Fu et al in transmitting and interpreting Western Economics. The evolution of Economics programme in leading universities in China is also discussed
Most governments in the world – including many that are autocratic or authoritarian – have taken responsibility for social policy and elected to develop services in health, education and social security. This book explores the role of government and the state in the contemporary world and, considering a range of theories and evidence, discusses views about government responsibility for social welfare services. Applying political theory to social policy, this book seeks to address a set of key questions: what responsibilities do governments have towards their populations? What ought they do and what not? How can they do things better?
In the early postwar era, Britain enjoyed a very close economic relationship with Australia and New Zealand through their common membership of the Sterling Area and the Commonwealth Preference Area. This book examines the breakdown of this relationship in the 1950 and 1960s. Britain and Australasia were driven apart by disputes over industrial protection, agriculture, capital supplies, and relations with other countries. Special emphasis is given to the implications for Australia and New Zealand of Britain's growing interest in European integration.
Social Policy in a Changing Society is a critical guide to theories about society, exploring the links between social theory and social policy. It considers a range of interpretations of changes in society, politics and the economy, and assesses their practical implications for social welfare. Social Policy in a Changing Society will be essential reading for undergraduates studying social policy and sociology.
A clinical handbook designed for day to day use by critical care physicians, this first ever guide combines evidence based critical care medicine with qualitative and quantitative data to support the information on guidelines for patient care in the ICU. Additional in depth coverage includes nutrition, infections, multiorgan dysfunctional syndrome and more.
Environmental Hazards and Disasters: Contexts, Perspectives and Management focuses on manifested threats to humans and their welfare as a result of natural disasters. The book uses an integrative approach to address socio-cultural, political and physical components of the disaster process. Human and social vulnerability as well as risk to environmental hazards are explored within the comprehensive context of diverse natural hazards and disasters. In addition to scientific explanations of disastrous occurrences, people and governments of hazard-prone countries often have their own interpretations for why natural disasters occur. In such interpretations they often either blame others, in order to conceal their inability to protect themselves, or they blame themselves, attributing the events to either real or imagined misdeeds. The book contains a chapter devoted to the neglected topic of such reactions and explanations. Includes chapters on key topics such as the application of GIS in hazard studies; resiliency; disasters and poverty; climate change and sustainability and development. This book is designed as a primary text for an interdisciplinary course on hazards for upper-level undergraduate and Graduate students. Although not targeted for an introductory hazards course, students in such a course may find it very useful as well. Additionally, emergency managers, planners, and both public and private organizations involved in disaster response, and mitigation could benefit from this book along with hazard researchers. It not only includes traditional and popular hazard topics (e.g., disaster cycles, disaster relief, and risk and vulnerability), it also includes neglected topics, such as the positive impacts of disasters, disaster myths and different accounts of disasters, and disasters and gender.
Interdisciplinary Research Discourse: Corpus Investigations into Environment Journals provides cutting-edge insights into the nature of communication in interdisciplinary research domains. Using a corpus of nearly 12,000 articles taken from 11 journals, this book addresses the key questions that surround writing for an interdisciplinary audience. This books also explores: the ways in which writers write if they are writing for an interdisciplinary audience as well as for a specialist disciplinary audience; the different natures and instances of the term 'interdisciplinarity'; and whether an analysis of the rhetorical contexts in which research is relayed to interdisciplinary audiences is critical to understanding interdisciplinary research activities and communications. Written by two leading figures in the field of Corpus Linguistics, this is an essential text for researchers and upper-level undergraduates working in the areas of Corpus Linguistics, Discourse Analysis and Linguistics in areas of interdisciplinary communication.
New computer and communications technologies have acted as the catalyst for a revolution in the way goods are produced and services delivered, leading to profound changes in the way work is organized and the way jobs are designed. This important book examines the nature, setting and impact of new technologies on work, organization and management. Conventional debates about new technology often invoke optimistic visions of enhanced democracy, rising skills and economic abundance; others predict darker scenarios such as the destruction of jobs through labour-eliminating devices. This book proposes an alternative perspective, arguing that technology can be powerful, but in and of itself has no independent causal powers. It considers the impact of new technologies on manufacturing, clerical, administrative and call centre employment, in both managerial and professional arenas, and introduces the growing phenomena of telework. The book also assesses the important political and economic forces that restrict or facilitate the flow of new technologies on national and global levels. New Technology @ Work is an illuminating and thought-provoking text that will prove invaluable to all serious students of business, management and technology.
In this persuasive study, social welfare and policy expert Paul Spicker makes a case for a relational view of poverty. Poverty is much more than a lack of resources. It involves a complex set of social relationships, such as economic disadvantage, insecurity or a lack of rights. These relational elements tell us what poverty is – what it consists of, what poor people are experiencing, and what problems need to be addressed. This book examines poverty in the context of the economy, society and the political community, considering how states can respond to issues of inequality, exclusion and powerlessness. Drawing on examples of social policy in both rich and poor countries, this is an accessible contribution to the debate about the nature of poverty and responses to it.
Written for an audience of students, general readers, and economists alike, this Element is a primer on the field of the economics of conflict and peace. It offers a reasonably comprehensive, systematic, and detailed overview - even if in broad strokes - of the field's orthodox and heterodox history of thought and current theories and evidence. The authors view this Element as a baseline account on which to build a future, separate and more fully developed, work on the economics of peace, economic growth, and human development. Altogether, the Element contextualizes the field of conflict and peace economics, outlines its history of thought, highlights examples of current theoretical and empirical scholarship in the field, and maps trajectories for further research.
This book is about the institutions, incentives and constraints that guide the behaviour of people and organizations involved in the implementation of foreign aid programmes. While traditional performance studies tend to focus almost exclusively on the policies and institutions in recipient countries, this book looks at incentives in the entire chain of organizations involved in the delivery of foreign aid, from donor governments and agencies to consultants, experts and other intermediaries. Four aspects of foreign aid delivery are examined in detail: incentives inside donor agencies, the interaction of subcontractors with recipient organizations, incentives inside recipient country institutions, and biases in aid performance monitoring systems.
The legacy of Blair and the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan continue to loom large for the Labour Party, whether in opposition or in government, giving rise to fierce debates over Labour's attitude and posture towards the wider world. This book considers the idea of Labour's international identity, examining how world events and Labour's response to them have helped to shape ideology, political culture and domestic agendas from the 1920s until the Iraq War. It provides a fascinating and original exploration of Labour both on the world stage and at home - from the influence of the Soviet Union on political thought in the interwar years to the international student revolts of the 1960s, and from media in the 1990s to Kosovo and New Labour Interventionism. This is essential reading for scholars of modern British politics, as well as anyone interested in the motivations and influences behind the Labour Party's actions on the world stage.
This book explores how comics function to make meanings in the manner of a language. It outlines a framework for describing the resources and practices of comics creation and readership, using an approach that is compatible with similar descriptions of linguistic and multimodal communication. The approach is based largely on the work of Michael Halliday, drawing also on the pragmatics of Paul Grice, the Text World Theory of Paul Werth and Joanna Gavins, and ideas from art theory, psychology and narratology. This brings a broad Hallidayan framework of multimodal analysis to comics scholarship, and plays a part in extending that tradition of multimodal linguistics to graphic narrative.
After the successful and innovative first two editions, now in a new, restructured 3rd edition, this remains the most authoritative introduction for studying comic books and graphic novels, covering their place in contemporary culture, the manifestations and techniques of the art form, the evolution of the medium and how to analyze and write about them. The new edition includes: - A completely reworked introduction explores the comics community in the US and globally, its history, and the role of different communities in advancing the medium and its study - Chapters reframed to get students thinking about themselves as consumers and makers of comics - Reorganized chapters on form help to unpack encapsulation, composition and layout - Completely new chapters on comics and how they can be used to report, document, and persuade, as well as a new Preface by Karen Green Illustrated throughout, with discussion questions and activities for every chapter and an extensive glossary of key terms, The Power of Comics and Graphic Novels also includes further updated resources available online including additional essays, weblinks and sample syllabi.
Globalisation is already a powerful force for poverty reduction as societies and economies around the world are becoming more integrated. Although this international integration presents considerable opportunities for developing countries, it also contains significant risks. Associated with international integration are concerns about increasing inequality, shifting power, and cultural uniformity. Globalization, Growth, and Poverty focuses on globalisation in terms of growing economic integration resulting from the increased flow of goods and services, people, capital, and information. The report is primarily concerned with the effect that this growing integration has on economic growth and poverty reduction. It assesses the impact of globalisation and addresses the ensuing anxieties. By focusing on specific policy recommendations, this report proposes an agenda for action aimed at minimising the risks that globalisation potentially generates, while maximising the opportunities for the poor.
Globally, there is a commitment to eliminate poverty; and yet the politics that have caused anti-poverty policies to succeed in some countries and to fail in others have been little studied. The Politics of Poverty Reduction focuses on these political processes. Analysis is based partly on global comparisons and partly on case-studies of nine countries that span the developing world. Where governments are politically weak, they need to make alliances with other groups to stay in power, and where these have been with low-income groups, the result may be a lasting and effective pro-poor strategy. Often pro-poor policies have been brought in not with progressive intentions, but out of fear that the state will fall apart unless pro-poor elements are incorporated into government, and the most effective regimes in reducing poverty have seldom been the kindest and most benevolent. The ability to provide the poor with access to key markets, and in particular labour and capital, is crucial, and this in turn requires fiscal strength. Two crucial elements in the story are the ability to frame labour-intensive policies (given that labour is often the only thing that poor people are able to sell) and the design of effective tax and expenditure policies. Aid donors can make a key contribution, partly through reinforcing recipients' fiscal capacity, but much more through providing technical support of the right kind.
Arguing that classic geographical descriptions of the city fail to accomodate the crucial aspect of human life, this visualizes the city through the hopes, aspirations, disappointments and pains of international novelists and creative writers.
In Revolution or Renaissance, D. Paul Schafer subjects two of the most powerful forces in the world – economics and culture – to a detailed and historically sensitive analysis. He argues that the economic age has produced a great deal of wealth and unleashed tremendous productive power; however, it is not capable of coming to grips with the problems threatening human and non-human life on this planet. After tracing the evolution of the economic age from the publication of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations in 1776 to the present, he turns his attention to culture, examining it both as a concept and as a reality. What emerges is a portrait of the world system of the future where culture is the central focus of development. According to Schafer, making the transition from an economic age to a cultural age is imperative if global harmony, environmental sustainability, economic viability, and human well-being are to be achieved.
Drawing on a wide range of case studies from across the globe, this book explores such areas as: health and population growth, conflict and security, global inequality and poverty, fair trade and trade liberalization, gender and education, foreign aid and debt, and sustainability and the environment. This issues-driven text focuses on the debates that have generated the most interest and passion among practitioners and non-practitioners alike. Always attentive to the contested and plural nature of the field, it makes the case for a genuinely interdisciplinary approach which takes full account of the impact of globalization."--Publisher
The International Library of Politics and Comparative Government is an essential reference series which compiles the most significant journal articles in comparative politics over the past 30 years. It makes readily accessible to teachers, researchers and students, an extensive range of essays which, together, provide an indispensable basis for understanding both the established conceptual terrain and the new ground being broken in the rapidly changing field of comparative political analysis. These two volumes include articles which examine the system, the structure, the function and the future of the United Nations.
The nineteenth century in Africa was a time of revolution and tumultuous change in virtually all spheres. Violent dry spells, the staggered abolition of the slave trade, mass migrations and an influx of new settlers characterized the century. Regional trade links grew stronger and spread further. The century also saw the beginnings of the ruthless and bloody quest for foreign dominion.
From 2008, for the first time in human history, half of the world’s population now live in cities. Yet despite a wealth of literature on green architecture and planning, there is to date no single book which draws together theory from the full range of disciplines - from architecture, planning and ecology - which we must come to grips with if we are to design future cities which are genuinely sustainable. Paul Downton’s Ecopolis takes a major step along this path. It highlights the urgent need to understand the role of cities as both agents of change and means of survival, at a time when climate change has finally grabbed world attention, and it provides a framework for designing cities that integrates knowledge - both academic and practical - from a range of relevant disciplines. Identifying key theorists, practitioners, places and philosophies, the book provides a solid theoretical context which introduces the concept of urban fractals, and goes on to present a series of design and planning tools for achieving Sustainable Human Ecological Development (SHED). Combining knowledge from diverse fields to present a synthesis of urban ecology, the book will provide a valuable resource for students, researchers and practitioners in architecture, construction, planning, geography and the traditional life sciences.
Aldosterone provides a comprehensive and detailed review of the problems that have arisen in the course of research on aldosterone, particularly with respect to their physiological roles and clinical implications. Topics covered include the biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism of aldosterone, as well as its biological activity and control of its secretion. A variety of pathological conditions, both acute and chronic, associated with aldosterone is also discussed. This volume is comprised of 10 chapters and opens with a historical background on aldosterone research, with emphasis on the discovery of the function of the adrenal cortex. The next chapter summarizes the methods suitable for the evaluation of aldosterone activity, from investigations of mineral metabolism to determination of the concentration of aldosterone or aldosterone metabolites; estimation of secretion of aldosterone; and examination of aldosterone metabolism. Subsequent chapters explore the biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism of aldosterone; secretion of aldosterone, factors affecting secretion, and how it can be controlled; pathological conditions caused by either an increase or a decrease in aldosterone secretion, including aldosteronism, Conn's syndrome, hypoaldosteronism, and hypomineralocorticism. The therapeutic uses of aldosterone are discussed in the last chapter. This book will appeal to biologists and biochemists.
The Geography of the World Economy provides an in-depth introduction to the globalization of the world economy and discusses local, regional, national and global economic development over the course of history. This new edition is fully revised and in colour.
What does collectivism mean in social policy? What does thinking collectively imply for policy? In this book, well-respected author Paul Spicker lends a complementary voice to his Reclaiming Individualism, reviewing collectivism as a dimension of political discourse. Breaking down his analysis to examine collectivism through substantive, moral and methodological lenses, he reviews a series of arguments for cooperative effort, solidarity and collective responsibility. Taking a dispassionate and methodical approach, the author explores what collectivism means in social policy and what value it offers to the field.
Progress in Drug Research is a prestigious book series which provides extensive expert-written reviews on a wide spectrum of highly topical areas in current pharmaceutical and pharmacological research. It serves as an important source of information for researchers concerned with drug research and all those who need to keep abreast of the many recent developments in the quest for new and better medicines.
Ideal for primary care practitioners who face the challenge of diagnosing their patients on the basis of undifferentiated and sometimes confusing presenting complaints, Taylor’s Differential Diagnosis Manual, Third Edition is a must-have for the busy practitioner. This handy guide fits inside a lab coat pocket and can be easily referenced within the time constraints of a brief office visit. Organized around common presenting symptoms, signs, laboratory, and imaging findings, this proven quick reference offers evidence-based guidelines on key questions to ask and what data to obtain to provide sound diagnoses of common problems. Fully updated with the latest clinical evidence and advances in clinical practice, this Third Edition includes more than 140 chapters packed with concise, easy-to read information on specific complaints in the areas of mental health; nervous system; vision; ear, nose, and throat; cardiovascular; respiratory; renal and urologic; female reproductive; musculoskeletal; dermatologic; and endocrine and metabolic problems. New chapters on abnormal mammogram, anticoagulation, bipolar disorder, corneal abrasion, dyspareunia, and loss of vision include the latest evidence-based diagnostic information.
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