In the decade beginning with the hanging of Louis Riel in 1885, a series of radical and religious conflicts shook Canada, culminating in the Manitoba school crisis of the 1890s. By 1896, the focal point of the controversy was remedialism, the attempt to have Roman Catholic school privileges in Manitoba restored by federal action against the provincial government. The struggle over remedialism involved nearly every aspect of Canada's internal history – Conservative-Liberal, federal-provincial, east-west, French-English, Catholic-Protestant, church-state. But, illustrating as it does the complexity and sensitivity of the ground where politics and religion meet, the election of 1896 has remained particularly fascinating for the degree to which Roman Catholic church authorities, above all in Quebec, entered the political process and were involved in the struggle to power of Wilfrid Laurier. The school question and the struggle over remedialism present an illuminating case study of complex relations at a formative period in Canadian history. This book focuses on the scene behind the scene, seeking in particular to discover how Quebeckers, civil and ecclesiastical, were reacting to a key problem of French and Catholic rights outside Quebec. There is a strong emphasis on personal correspondence, rather than on published statements, and the author has marshalled a wide range of material that has never been fully exploited. The story is told chronologically in order to assess the impact of major events as it developed. Many of the classic questions of church-state relations are brought into focus. This is a story often of fear, prejudice, and ignorance, but it is also a story of strength and resilience, principle and faith. Uniquely Canadian, it tells us something important about the shift from the Canada of Macdonald to the Canada of Laurier.
NG van Kampen is a well-known theoretical physicist who has had a long and distinguished career. His research covers scattering theory, plasma physics, statistical mechanics, and various mathematical aspects of physics. In addition to his scientific work, he has written a number of papers about more general aspects of science. An indefatigable fighter for intellectual honesty and clarity, he has pointed out repeatedly that the fundamental ideas of physics have been needlessly obscured. As those papers appeared in various journals, partly in Dutch, it was felt that it would be worthwhile to collect them (translating the Dutch material into English) and make them available to a larger audience. This is a book of major importance to scientists and university teachers.
A history of public executions in France from the medieval spectacle of suffering to the invention of the Revolutionary guillotine, up to the last public execution in 1939. Paul Friedland explores why spectacles of public execution were staged, as well as why thousands of spectators came to watch them.
This book aims to provide mathematical analyses of nonlinear differential equations, which have proved pivotal to understanding many phenomena in physics, chemistry and biology. Topics of focus are autocatalysis and dynamics of molecular evolution, relaxation oscillations, deterministic chaos, reaction diffusion driven chemical pattern formation, solitons and neuron dynamics. Included is a discussion of processes from the viewpoints of reversibility, reflected by conservative classical mechanics, and irreversibility introduced by the dissipative role of diffusion. Each chapter presents the subject matter from the point of one or a few key equations, whose properties and consequences are amplified by approximate analytic solutions that are developed to support graphical display of exact computer solutions."--back cover.
This work presents the mathematical methods widely used by workers in the field of quantum optics. It deals with the physical assumptions which lead to the models and approximations employed, but the main purpose of the text is to give a firm grounding in those techniques needed to derive analytical solutions to problems.
E=mc2 is known as the most famous but least understood equation in physics. This two-volume textbook illuminates this equation and much more through clear and detailed explanations, new demonstrations, a more physical approach, and a deep analysis of the concepts and postulates of Relativity. The first part of Volume I contains the whole Special Relativity theory with rigorous and complete demonstrations. The second part presents the main principles of General Relativity, including detailed explanations of the bending of light in the neighborhood of great masses, the gravitational time dilatation, and the principles leading to the famous equation of General Relativity: D(g) = k .T. The most important cosmological predictions are then described: the Big Bang theory, black holes, and gravitational waves. Plentiful historical information is contained throughout the book, particularly in an ending chapter depicting the scientific and epistemological revolution brought about by the theory of Relativity. Volume II progresses into further depth than Volume I, and its scope is more extended than most introductory books on Relativity. It includes the affine connection, the geodesic equation, and an introduction to cosmological models. The mathematical tools dedicated to Relativity are carefully explained for those without an advanced mathematical background (tensors, Lagrangians, covariant derivative). Both volumes place an emphasis on the physical aspects of Relativity to aid the reader’s understanding and contain numerous questions and problems (147 in total). Solutions are given in a highly detailed manner to provide the maximum benefit to students. This textbook fills a gap in the literature by drawing out the physical aspects and consequences of Relativity, which are otherwise often second place to the mathematical aspects. Its concrete focus on physics allows students to gain a full understanding of the underlying concepts and cornerstones of Relativity. More information can be found at: https://www.relativitybruma.com/
E=mc2 is known as the most famous but least understood equation in physics. This two-volume textbook illuminates this equation and much more through clear and detailed explanations, new demonstrations, a more physical approach, and a deep analysis of the concepts and postulates of Relativity. The first part of Volume I contains the whole Special Relativity theory with rigorous and complete demonstrations. The second part presents the main principles of General Relativity, including detailed explanations of the bending of light in the neighborhood of great masses, the gravitational time dilatation, and the principles leading to the famous equation of General Relativity: D(g) = k .T. The most important cosmological predictions are then described: the Big Bang theory, black holes, and gravitational waves. Plentiful historical information is contained throughout the book, particularly in an ending chapter depicting the scientific and epistemological revolution brought about by the theory of Relativity. Both volumes place an emphasis on the physical aspects of Relativity to aid the reader’s understanding and contain numerous questions and problems (147 in total). Solutions are given in a highly detailed manner to provide the maximum benefit to students. This textbook fills a gap in the literature by drawing out the physical aspects and consequences of Relativity, which are otherwise often second place to the mathematical aspects. Its concrete focus on physics allows students to gain a full understanding of the underlying concepts and cornerstones of Relativity.
This book develops the theory of continuous and discrete stochastic processes within the context of cell biology. In the second edition the material has been significantly expanded, particularly within the context of nonequilibrium and self-organizing systems. Given the amount of additional material, the book has been divided into two volumes, with volume I mainly covering molecular processes and volume II focusing on cellular processes. A wide range of biological topics are covered in the new edition, including stochastic ion channels and excitable systems, molecular motors, stochastic gene networks, genetic switches and oscillators, epigenetics, normal and anomalous diffusion in complex cellular environments, stochastically-gated diffusion, active intracellular transport, signal transduction, cell sensing, bacterial chemotaxis, intracellular pattern formation, cell polarization, cell mechanics, biological polymers and membranes, nuclear structure and dynamics, biological condensates, molecular aggregation and nucleation, cellular length control, cell mitosis, cell motility, cell adhesion, cytoneme-based morphogenesis, bacterial growth, and quorum sensing. The book also provides a pedagogical introduction to the theory of stochastic and nonequilibrium processes – Fokker Planck equations, stochastic differential equations, stochastic calculus, master equations and jump Markov processes, birth-death processes, Poisson processes, first passage time problems, stochastic hybrid systems, queuing and renewal theory, narrow capture and escape, extreme statistics, search processes and stochastic resetting, exclusion processes, WKB methods, large deviation theory, path integrals, martingales and branching processes, numerical methods, linear response theory, phase separation, fluctuation-dissipation theorems, age-structured models, and statistical field theory. This text is primarily aimed at graduate students and researchers working in mathematical biology, statistical and biological physicists, and applied mathematicians interested in stochastic modeling. Applied probabilists should also find it of interest. It provides significant background material in applied mathematics and statistical physics, and introduces concepts in stochastic and nonequilibrium processes via motivating biological applications. The book is highly illustrated and contains a large number of examples and exercises that further develop the models and ideas in the body of the text. It is based on a course that the author has taught at the University of Utah for many years.
Psychologists have always been interested in interest, and so modern research on interest can be found in nearly every area of the field: Researchers studying emotions, cognition, development, education, aesthetics, personality, motivation, and vocations have developed intriguing ideas about what interest is and how it works. Exploring the Psychology of Interest presents an integrated picture of how interest has been studied in all the wide-ranging areas of psychology. Using modern theories of cognition and emotion as an integrative framework, Paul Silvia examines the nature of interest, what makes things interesting, the role of interest in personality, and the development of peoples idiosyncratic interests, hobbies, and avocations. His examination reveals deep similarities between seemingly different fields of psychology and illustrates the profound importance of interest, curiosity, and intrinsic motivation for understanding why people do what they do. The most comprehensive work of its kind, Exploring the Psychology of Interest will be a valuable resource for student and professional researchers in cognitive, social, and developmental psychology.
This book addresses both multi robot systems and miniaturization to the nanoscale from a unifying point of view, but without leaving aside typical particularities of either. The unifying aspect is based on the concept of information minimization whose precise formulation is the Haken-Levi-principle. The authors introduce basic concepts of multi-component self-organizing systems such as order parameters (well known from equilibrium and non-equilibrium phase transitions) and the slaving principle (which establishes a link to dynamical systems). Among explicit examples is the docking manoeuvre of two robots in two and three dimensions. The second part of the book deals with the rather recently arising field of molecular robotics. It is particularly here where nature has become a highly influential teacher for the construction of robots. In living biological cells astounding phenomena occur: there are molecules (proteins) that literally walk on polymer strands and transport loads that are heavier than their carriers, or molecules that, by joint action, contract muscles. The book provides the reader with an insight into these phenomena, especially by a detailed theoretical treatment of the molecular mechanism of muscle contraction. At the molecular level, for an appropriate approach the use of quantum theory is indispensable. The authors introduce and use it in a form that avoids all the clumsy calculations of wave-functions. They present a model which is based on an elementary version of quantum field theory and allows taking into account the impact of the surrounding on the quantum mechanical activity of a single molecule. By presenting explicit and pedagogical examples, the reader gets acquainted with the appropriate modelling of the walking behaviour of single molecular robots and their collective behaviour. The further development of multi-robot systems and particularly of molecular robots will require the cooperation of a variety of disciplines. Therefore the book appeals to a wide audience including researchers, instructors, and advanced graduate students.
This controversial account of Albert Einstein's scandalous personal life challenges the image of this genius, painting a shocking portrait that exposes him as "an adulterous, egomaniacal misogynist who may have even beaten his first wife"(The New York Times Sunday Magazine). Photos.
This book introduces the theory of stochastic processes with applications taken from physics and finance. Fundamental concepts like the random walk or Brownian motion but also Levy-stable distributions are discussed. Applications are selected to show the interdisciplinary character of the concepts and methods. In the second edition of the book a discussion of extreme events ranging from their mathematical definition to their importance for financial crashes was included. The exposition of basic notions of probability theory and the Brownian motion problem as well as the relation between conservative diffusion processes and quantum mechanics is expanded. The second edition also enlarges the treatment of financial markets. Beyond a presentation of geometric Brownian motion and the Black-Scholes approach to option pricing as well as the econophysics analysis of the stylized facts of financial markets, an introduction to agent based modeling approaches is given.
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of green solvents that open a whole new world of opportunities for separation challenges. This book comprehensively provides a detailed discussion of their application as an extractive solvent in separation processes, adopting molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for atomistic insight into the solute transfer across bi-phasic systems. Furthermore, it explains ternary and quaternary mixtures, including MD simulation of relevant DES systems. Features in this volume include the following: Applications of DESs in the extraction of aromatics and polyaromatics from fuel oil by liquid–liquid extraction Eutectic behavior with respect to hydrocarbon and aqueous solutions MD insights on extraction using DESs Possible industrial applicability of potential DESs Results from Gaussian, NAMD, and PACKMOL software packages This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students working in the field of fuels and petrochemicals, separation science, chromatography, and chemical processing and design.
This volume is dedicated to Paul Erdos, who has profoundly influenced mathematics in this century, with over 1200 papers on number theory, complex analysis, probability theory, geometry, interpretation theory, algebra set theory and combinatorics. One of Erdos' hallmarks is the host of stimulating problems and conjectures, to many of which he has attached monetary prices, in accordance with their notoriety. A feature of this volume is a collection of some fifty outstanding unsolved problems, together with their "values.
Statistical Mechanics explores the physical properties of matter based on the dynamic behavior of its microscopic constituents. After a historical introduction, this book presents chapters about thermodynamics, ensemble theory, simple gases theory, Ideal Bose and Fermi systems, statistical mechanics of interacting systems, phase transitions, and computer simulations. This edition includes new topics such as BoseEinstein condensation and degenerate Fermi gas behavior in ultracold atomic gases and chemical equilibrium. It also explains the correlation functions and scattering; fluctuationdissipation theorem and the dynamical structure factor; phase equilibrium and the Clausius-Clapeyron equation; and exact solutions of one-dimensional fluid models and two-dimensional Ising model on a finite lattice. New topics can be found in the appendices, including finite-size scaling behavior of Bose-Einstein condensates, a summary of thermodynamic assemblies and associated statistical ensembles, and pseudorandom number generators. Other chapters are dedicated to two new topics, the thermodynamics of the early universe and the Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. This book is invaluable to students and practitioners interested in statistical mechanics and physics. - Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases - Thermodynamics of the early universe - Computer simulations: Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics - Correlation functions and scattering - Fluctuation-dissipation theorem and the dynamical structure factor - Chemical equilibrium - Exact solution of the two-dimensional Ising model for finite systems - Degenerate atomic Fermi gases - Exact solutions of one-dimensional fluid models - Interactions in ultracold Bose and Fermi gases - Brownian motion of anisotropic particles and harmonic oscillators
Statistical Mechanics, Fourth Edition, explores the physical properties of matter based on the dynamic behavior of its microscopic constituents. This valuable textbook introduces the reader to the historical context of the subject before delving deeper into chapters about thermodynamics, ensemble theory, simple gases theory, Ideal Bose and Fermi systems, statistical mechanics of interacting systems, phase transitions, and computer simulations. In the latest revision, the book's authors have updated the content throughout, including new coverage on biophysical applications, updated exercises, and computer simulations. This updated edition will be an indispensable to students and researchers of statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, and physics. - Retains the valuable organization and trusted coverage of previous market-leading editions - Includes new coverage on biophysical applications and computer simulations - Offers Mathematica files for student use and a secure solutions manual for qualified instructors - Covers Bose-Einstein condensation in atomic gases, Thermodynamics of the early universe, Computer simulations: Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics, Correlation functions and scattering, Fluctuation-dissipation theorem and the dynamical structure factor, and much more
This book retraces the life of the physicist Wolfgang Pauli, analyses his scientific work, and describes the evolution of his thinking. Pauli spent 30 years as a professor at the Federal Institute of Technology ETH in Zurich, which occupies a central place in this biography. It would beincomplete, however, without a rendering of Pauli's sarcastic wit and, most importantly, of the world of his dreams. It is through the latter that quite a different aspect of Pauli's life comes in, namely his association with the psychology of C.G. Jung and his school.
List of Tables List of Maps List of Figures Preface PART I- LAND AND POPULATION 1867-1929 1. The Land An American Land The Settlement of the Land The Shaping of Physical Space 2.
Normalizing flows, diffusion normalizing flows and variational autoencoders are powerful generative models. This Element provides a unified framework to handle these approaches via Markov chains. The authors consider stochastic normalizing flows as a pair of Markov chains fulfilling some properties, and show how many state-of-the-art models for data generation fit into this framework. Indeed numerical simulations show that including stochastic layers improves the expressivity of the network and allows for generating multimodal distributions from unimodal ones. The Markov chains point of view enables the coupling of both deterministic layers as invertible neural networks and stochastic layers as Metropolis-Hasting layers, Langevin layers, variational autoencoders and diffusion normalizing flows in a mathematically sound way. The authors' framework establishes a useful mathematical tool to combine the various approaches.
Three-part series remains the definitive text on the physical properties of biological macromolecules and the physical techniques used to study them. It is appropriate for a broad spectrum of advanced undergraduate and graduate courses and serves as a comprehensive reference for researchers. Part I: The Conformation of Biological Macromolecules 1980, paper, 365 pages, 158 illustrations 0-7167-1188-5 Part II: Techniques for the Study of Biological Structure and Function 1980, paper, 365 pages, 158 illustrations 0-7167-1190-7 Part III: The Behavior of Biological Macromolecules 1980, paper, 597 pages, 243 illustrations 0-7167-1192-3
The social sciences study knowing subjects and their interactions. A "cognitive turn", based on cognitive science, has the potential to enrich these sciences considerably. Cognitive economics belongs within this movement of the social sciences. It aims to take into account the cognitive processes of individuals in economic theory, both on the level of the agent and on the level of their dynamic interactions and the resulting collective phenomena. This book is a result of a three-year experiment in interdisciplinary cooperation in cognitive economics. It has the advantage of reflecting joint, long-term work between economists, specialists in cognitive science, physicists, mathematicians and computer scientists. The main aim of the book is to enable any researcher interested in cognitive economics, whatever his or her original speciality, to grasp essential landmarks in this emerging field. Part I of the book provides disciplinary bases, Part II is focused on advanced research.
This practical book presents an overview of the various approaches developed to understand the dynamics of electronic systems in physics and chemistry. It also illustrates typical application examples, namely atoms, molecules, and clusters such as nano objects. For each system, the book reviews its key features and concepts and also provides a wider perspective on other physical systems such as atomic nuclei and quantum dots. There exist a large number of theories adapted to specific physical situations (both in space and time), but there is not yet a common theory for all possible dynamical scenarios. This book provides a general perspective on the topic, supplying the reader with a guidebook to navigate the wide spectrum of approaches. It provides an overview of available theories to address various problems in the irradiation of finite systems, discussing the possibilities and limitations of the available theories to help readers understand the applicability of a given theory or set of theories to address a given physical problem or chemical situation. It is an ideal guide for graduate students and researchers in physics and chemistry. Key Features: • Presents a critical survey of available theoretical tools to help readers choose the appropriate method or approach for any given physical situations • Accessible, with an emphasis on avoiding details of formal and technical difficulties • Provides a guided tour based on typical examples starting from the actual physical situation down to actual tools to be used to describe it Jorge José Kohanoff is a Professor of Computational Chemical Physics at Queen’s University Belfast, Ireland. Paul-Gerhard Reinhard is a Professor at the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany. Lorenzo Stella is Senior Lecturer in the Centre for Laser-Matter Interactions (CLMI) at the Queen’s University Belfast, United Kingdom. Eric Suraud is a Distinguished Professor at Paul Sabatier University, France.
Paul LaViolette reveals astonishing parallels between cutting edge scientific thought and early creation myths, and how these myths encode a theory of cosmology in which matter is continually growing from seeds of order that emerge spontaneously from chaos. Exposing the contradictions of the Big Bang theory, LaViolette leads us beyond the restrictive metaphors of modern science and into a new science for the 21st century.
The International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science is held annually on a different continent every time. This volume documents the proceedings of the 11th conference held in Marseilles, France. It includes articles that indicate the current position of the condensed matter nuclear science field. With an extensive collection of articles, this volume is indispensable since very few papers related to this field are published in scientific journals. Contents: Reproducibility, Controllability and Optimization of LENR Experiments (D J Nagel); Superwave Reality (I Dardik); Generation of Heat and Products During Plasma Electrolysis (T Mizuno et al.); Electron Screening Constraints for the Cold Fusion (K Czerski et al.); Low Mass 1.6 MHz Sonofusion Reactor (R Stringham); Evidence of Microscopic Ball Lightning in Cold Fusion Experiments (E H Lewis); Co-Deposition of Palladium with Hydrogen Isotopes (J Dash & A Ambadkar); Possible Nuclear Transmutation of Nitrogen in the Earth''s Atmosphere (M Fukuhara); Theoretical Model of the Probability of Fusion Between Deuterons within Deformed Lattices with Microcracks at Room Temperature (F Fulvio); Effective Interaction Potential in the Deuterium Plasma and Multiple Resonance Scattering (T Toimela); Theoretical Study of Nuclear Reactions Induced by Bose-Einstein Condensation in Pd (K-I Tsuchiya & H Okumura); Phonon-Exchange Models: Some New Results (P L Hagelstein); Cold Fusion Phenomenon and Solid State Nuclear Physics (H Kozima); Effects of Atomic Electrons on Nuclear Stability and Radioactive Decay (D V Filippov et al.); Recent Cold Fusion Claims: Are They Valid (L Kowalski); and other papers. Readership: Academics and researchers in nuclear physics.
Kittel's Introduction to Solid State Physics, Global Edition, has been the standard solid state physics text for physics majors since the publication of its first edition over 60 years ago. The emphasis in the book has always been on physics rather than formal mathematics. This book is written with the goal that it is accessible to undergraduate students and consistently teachable. With each new edition, the author has attempted to add important new developments in the field without impacting its inherent content coverage. This Global Edition offers the advantage of expanded end-of-chapter problem sets.
A self-contained presentation of the dynamics of nonlinear waves in combustion and other non-equilibrium energetic systems for students and specialists.
E=mc2 is known as the most famous but least understood equation in physics. This two-volume textbook illuminates this equation and much more through clear and detailed explanations, new demonstrations, a more physical approach, and a deep analysis of the concepts and postulates of Relativity. Volume II contains, notably: In Special Relativity: complementary explanations, alternative demonstrations relying on more advanced means and revealing other aspects. Further topics: accelerated objects and the Relativistic force, nuclear reactions, the use of hyperbolic trigonometry, the Lagrangian approach, the Relativistic Maxwell’s equations. In General Relativity: tensors, the affine connection, the covariant derivative, the geodesic equation, the Schwarzschild solution with two of its great consequences: black holes and the bending of light; further axiomatic considerations on time, space, matter, energy and light speed. In Cosmology: the FLRW Metric, the Friedman equation, the cosmological constant, the four ideal cosmological Models. These subjects are presented in a concrete and incremental manner, and illustrated by many case studies. The emphasis is placed on the theoretical aspects, with rigorous demonstrations based on a minimum set of postulates. The mathematical tools dedicated to Relativity are carefully explained for those without an advanced mathematical background. Both volumes place an emphasis on the physical aspects of Relativity to aid the reader’s understanding and contain numerous questions and problems (147 in total). Solutions are given in a highly detailed manner to provide the maximum benefit to students. This textbook fills a gap in the literature by drawing out the physical aspects and consequences of Relativity, which are otherwise often second place to the mathematical aspects. Its concrete focus on physics allows students to gain a full understanding of the underlying concepts and cornerstones of Relativity.
This book introduces machine learning methods in finance. It presents a unified treatment of machine learning and various statistical and computational disciplines in quantitative finance, such as financial econometrics and discrete time stochastic control, with an emphasis on how theory and hypothesis tests inform the choice of algorithm for financial data modeling and decision making. With the trend towards increasing computational resources and larger datasets, machine learning has grown into an important skillset for the finance industry. This book is written for advanced graduate students and academics in financial econometrics, mathematical finance and applied statistics, in addition to quants and data scientists in the field of quantitative finance. Machine Learning in Finance: From Theory to Practice is divided into three parts, each part covering theory and applications. The first presents supervised learning for cross-sectional data from both a Bayesian and frequentist perspective. The more advanced material places a firm emphasis on neural networks, including deep learning, as well as Gaussian processes, with examples in investment management and derivative modeling. The second part presents supervised learning for time series data, arguably the most common data type used in finance with examples in trading, stochastic volatility and fixed income modeling. Finally, the third part presents reinforcement learning and its applications in trading, investment and wealth management. Python code examples are provided to support the readers' understanding of the methodologies and applications. The book also includes more than 80 mathematical and programming exercises, with worked solutions available to instructors. As a bridge to research in this emergent field, the final chapter presents the frontiers of machine learning in finance from a researcher's perspective, highlighting how many well-known concepts in statistical physics are likely to emerge as important methodologies for machine learning in finance.
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