This is an advanced 2001 textbook on modal logic, a field which caught the attention of computer scientists in the late 1970s. Researchers in areas ranging from economics to computational linguistics have since realised its worth. The book is for novices and for more experienced readers, with two distinct tracks clearly signposted at the start of each chapter. The development is mathematical; prior acquaintance with first-order logic and its semantics is assumed, and familiarity with the basic mathematical notions of set theory is required. The authors focus on the use of modal languages as tools to analyze the properties of relational structures, including their algorithmic and algebraic aspects, and applications to issues in logic and computer science such as completeness, computability and complexity are considered. Three appendices supply basic background information and numerous exercises are provided. Ideal for anyone wanting to learn modern modal logic.
Reinforcement Learning for Optimal Feedback Control develops model-based and data-driven reinforcement learning methods for solving optimal control problems in nonlinear deterministic dynamical systems. In order to achieve learning under uncertainty, data-driven methods for identifying system models in real-time are also developed. The book illustrates the advantages gained from the use of a model and the use of previous experience in the form of recorded data through simulations and experiments. The book’s focus on deterministic systems allows for an in-depth Lyapunov-based analysis of the performance of the methods described during the learning phase and during execution. To yield an approximate optimal controller, the authors focus on theories and methods that fall under the umbrella of actor–critic methods for machine learning. They concentrate on establishing stability during the learning phase and the execution phase, and adaptive model-based and data-driven reinforcement learning, to assist readers in the learning process, which typically relies on instantaneous input-output measurements. This monograph provides academic researchers with backgrounds in diverse disciplines from aerospace engineering to computer science, who are interested in optimal reinforcement learning functional analysis and functional approximation theory, with a good introduction to the use of model-based methods. The thorough treatment of an advanced treatment to control will also interest practitioners working in the chemical-process and power-supply industry.
Presidents often assemble ad hoc groups of advisers to help them make decisions during foreign policy crises. These advisers may include the holders of the traditional foreign policy positions--secretaries of state and defense--as well as others from within and without the executive branch. It has never been clear what role these groups play in the development of policy. In this landmark study, Patrick Haney examines how these crisis decision groups were structured and how they performed the tasks of providing information, advice, and analysis to the president. From this, Haney investigates the links between a president's crisis management structure and the decision-making process that took place during a foreign policy crisis. Haney employs case studies to examine the different ways presidents from Truman through Bush used crisis decision-making groups to help manage foreign policy crises. He looks at the role of these groups in handling the Berlin blockade in 1948, the Suez Crisis in 1956, the Tet offensive in 1968, the Yom Kippur War in 1973, and the Panama invasion in 1989, among other crises. He extends our understanding of the organization, management and behavior of the decision-making groups presidents assemble during foreign policy crises. This book will appeal to scholars of the American presidency and American foreign policy. Patrick Haney is Assistant Professor of Political Science, Miami University of Ohio.
This book represents a classic compilation of current knowledge about mouse development and its correlates to research in cell biology, molecular biology, genetics, and neuroscience. Emphasis is placed on the research strategy, experimental design, and critical analysis of the data, disguishing this from other books that only focus on protocols for mouse developmental research. Selected chapters are indexed to electronic databases such as GeneBank, GenBank, Electronic Mouse Atlas, and Transgenic/Knockout, further increasing the utility of this book as a reference. *Broad-based overview of mouse development from fundamental to specialist levels*Extensive coverage of a wide range of developmental mutations of the mouse*Excellent benchmark illustrations of brain, craniofacial, gut and heart development*In-depth experiment-based assessment of concepts in mammalian development*Focus on models of specific relevance to human development*Comprehensive reference to key literature and electronic databases related to mouse development*High-quality full-color production
This extensive and comprehensive book tracks persistent racial disparities in the US across multiple regimes of structural racism. It begins with an examination of the economics of racial identity, mechanisms of stratification, and regimes of structural racism. It analyzes trends in racial inequality in education and changes in family structure since the demise of Jim Crow. The book also examines generational trends in income, wealth, and employment for families and individuals, by race, gender, and national region. It explores economic differences among African Americans, by region, ethnicity, nativity, gender, and racial identity. Finally, the book provides a theoretical analysis of structural racism, productivity, and wages, with a special focus on the role of managers and instrumental discrimination inside the firm. The book concludes with an investigation of instrumental discrimination, hate crimes, the criminal legal system, and the impact of mass incarceration on family structure and economic inequality.
M. John-Patrick O'Connor proposes that - in contrast to recent contemporary scholarship that rarely focuses on the ethical implications of discipleship and Christology - Mark's Gospel, as our earliest life of Jesus, presents a theological description of the moral life. Arguing for Mark's ethical validity in comparison to Matthew and Luke, O'Connor begins with an analysis of the moral environment of ancient biographies, exploring what types of Jewish and Greco-Romanic conceptions of morality found their way into Hellenistic biographies. Turning to the Gospel's own examples of morality, O'Connor examines moral accountability according to Mark, including moral reasoning, the nature of a world in conflict, and accountability in both God's family and to God's authority. He then turns to images of the accountable self, including an analysis of virtues and virtuous practices within the Gospel. O'Connor concludes with the personification of evil, human responsibility, punitive consequences, and evil's role in Mark's moral landscape.
This book looks at the work of one of England's finest composers, William Lawes. It provides a contextual examination of music at the court of Charles I, a detailed study of Lawes's autograph sources and an examination of his consort music.
Drawing on the author's 30-year study of football statistics, this book presents new methods for analyzing the game in different ways. An examination of known distances for missed field goals offers an accurate method for evaluating placekickers. Reassessments of punters and running backs are included, along with an overhaul of the NFL's passer rating system. Topics previously unexplored through statistics are covered, such as momentum, defining "What is a dynasty?" and "What is a Cinderella team?
The ras Superfamily of GTPases presents the most comprehensive compilation of information available regarding aspects of the putative function of small ras-related GTPases. The book's chapters were written by the world's most prominent scientists in this field and cover such topics as the structure and properties of ras proteins, ras function, the ras superfamily in general, and the functional regulation of ras and ras-related GTPases. The book will benefit cell biologists, oncologists, neurobiologists, molecular biologists, and others interested in the topic.
The development of electronics that can operate at high temperatures has been identified as a critical technology for the next century. Increasingly, engineers will be called upon to design avionics, automotive, and geophysical electronic systems requiring components and packaging reliable to 200 °C and beyond. Until now, however, they have had no single resource on high temperature electronics to assist them. Such a resource is critically needed, since the design and manufacture of electronic components have now made it possible to design electronic systems that will operate reliably above the traditional temperature limit of 125 °C. However, successful system development efforts hinge on a firm understanding of the fundamentals of semiconductor physics and device processing, materials selection, package design, and thermal management, together with a knowledge of the intended application environments. High Temperature Electronics brings together this essential information and presents it for the first time in a unified way. Packaging and device engineers and technologists will find this book required reading for its coverage of the techniques and tradeoffs involved in materials selection, design, and thermal management and for its presentation of best design practices using actual fielded systems as examples. In addition, professors and students will find this book suitable for graduate-level courses because of its detailed level of explanation and its coverage of fundamental scientific concepts. Experts from the field of high temperature electronics have contributed to nine chapters covering topics ranging from semiconductor device selection to testing and final assembly.
Definitive, detailed, and multidisciplinary in scope, Surgery of the Breast: Principles and Art, Fourth Edition, remains the most comprehensive “how-to” reference on today’s breast surgery. The text and its content have been thoroughly updated and carefully consolidated into one volume, to describe and demonstrates the most advanced and successful techniques for all types of oncological, reconstructive, and aesthetic breast surgeries—covering oncologic management of breast disease, breast reconstruction, reduction mammoplasty and mastopexy, augmentation mammoplasty, and more. Ideal for both plastic surgeons and general surgeons who perform a high volume of breast surgery, this classic text has been significantly revised to bring you fully up to date.
We all need emotional blinders: the etiquette that keeps society smoothly moving depends on it. But when you absolutely must rely on another person, you have to be able to assess them objectively. In RED FLAGS, author Wendy L. Patrick shares simple strategies anyone can use to spot deceptive or downright dangerous people who use ingratiation and social convention to draw in and lull victims. Readers will learn how even the most skeptical of us use rose-colored lenses on those around us, in three sections:-Blinded by Desire-from the alluring lenses of attraction and positive attention to the blindness of marital "bliss" and the distorted lens of delusion-Overlooking Red Flags in a Professional Setting-how reassuring proximity and the false security of credibility and similarity can lead to costly mistakes -Be Afraid of What You Can't See-the ultimate cost of wearing emotional blinders around the truly disturbed/criminal, from sexual predation to domestic abuse, stalking and cyberstalking. Readers will learn how to:-avoid selective attention-observe people over time (bad guys rely on first impressions)-ask questions: most people's favorite topic is themselves-cybersleuth to verify information and track down inconsistencies You need this book if you:-want to know if a potential boyfriend is trustworthy-are interviewing or hiring new employees-are selecting anyone to take care of your children-are lending money or property-have partners in business
We all need emotional blinders: the etiquette that keeps society smoothly moving depends on it. But when you absolutely must rely on another person, you have to be able to assess them objectively. Red Flags shares simple strategies anyone can use to spot deceptive, or downright dangerous people, who use ingratiation and social convention to draw in and lull victims. Readers will learn how even the most skeptical of us use rose-colored lenses on those around us, in three sections: -Blinded by Desire-from the alluring lenses of attraction and positive attention to the blindness of marital "bliss" and the distorted lens of delusion -Overlooking Red Flags in a Professional Setting-how reassuring proximity and the false security of credibility and similarity can lead to costly mistakes -Be Afraid of What You Can't See-the ultimate cost of wearing emotional blinders around the truly disturbed/criminal, from sexual predation to domestic abuse, stalking and cyberstalking Readers will learn how to: -Avoid selective attention -Observe people over time (bad guys rely on first impressions) -Ask questions: most people's favorite topic is themselves -Cybersleuth to verify information and track down inconsistencies You need this book if you: -Want to know if a potential boyfriend is trustworthy -Are interviewing or hiring new employees -Are selecting anyone to take care of your children -Are lending money or property -Have partners in business
Becoming a lawyer is about much more than acquiring knowledge and technique. As law students learn the law and acquire some basic skills, they are also inevitably forming a deep sense of themselves in their new roles as lawyers. That sense of self – the student’s nascent professional identity – needs to take a particular form if the students are to fulfil the public purposes of lawyers and find deep meaning and satisfaction in their work. In this book, Professors Patrick Longan, Daisy Floyd, and Timothy Floyd combine what they have learned in many years of teaching and research concerning the lawyer’s professional identity with lessons derived from legal ethics, moral psychology, and moral philosophy. They describe in depth the six virtues that every lawyer needs as part of his or her professional identity, and they explore both the obstacles to acquiring and deploying those virtues and strategies for overcoming those impediments. The result is a straightforward guide for law students on how to cultivate a professional identity that will allow them to make a meaningful difference in the lives of others and to flourish as individuals.
Tropical habitats cover over one third of the Earth's terrestrial surface and harbor much of its biodiversity, with many areas rich in endemic species. However, these ecosystems are under significant and growing threat from issues such as deforestation, land degradation and ocean acidification. This introductory textbook provides a comprehensive guide to the major tropical biomes. It is unique in its balanced coverage of both aquatic and terrestrial systems and in its international scope. Each chapter is built around a particular tropical ecosystem, with descriptive case studies providing a framework around which ecological concepts and applied ecological topics are presented. This second edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect recent advances in the field and includes a greater focus on the impact of global climate change. The text is supported throughout by boxes containing supplementary material and is illustrated with over 200 clear, simple line diagrams, maps and photographs.
Learn how to provide better service to distance information users! This book is the result of the conference held in May, 2004 in Scottsdale, Arizona, focusing on librarians' challenges providing service to nontraditional faculty and students. Respected authorities discuss in detail specific problems—and fresh strategies and solutions—to further promote service to distance information users. Each chapter tackles a particular issue such as collaboration outside the contributor's organization or how services can be monitored and assessed to gauge quality, and fully explains what can be done to address those issues. Each distinguished contribution was carefully selected by a 26-member advisory board using a juried abstracts process. Thorough bibliographies, useful figures, tables, and graphs provide accessibility and clarify ideas. Some of the topics in this book include: the promotion of library services to Native American students the planning and development process of a project to create a Web-based multi-media instruction tool for off-campus graduate students an examination of direct linking tools provided by major aggregators distance learning for the learning disabled distance learning implementation strategies for institutions course management software (CMS) and library services integration a survey of Association of Research Libraries offered services the do’s and don’ts of videoconferencing on and off-campus an eBooks collection study one-on-one research coaching via digital reference service an online tool that assesses students’ research skills and attitudes creating a library CD for off-campus students expanding student and faculty access to information services the collaboration with faculty on electronic course reserves developing assessment questions for services supporting off-campus learning programs providing secure off-campus access to library services beyond proxy servers and much, much more! The Eleventh Off-Campus Library Services Conference Proceedings is an invaluable comprehensive resource detailing the latest challenges and solutions for on- and off-campus librarians.
The hulk of Henry VIII's flagship is raised from the seabed in an operation that captures the mind of the nation. The leader of the Labour party wears an informal coat at the Cenotaph and provokes a national scandal. An elderly lady whose ancient house is scheduled for demolition dismantles it, piece by piece, and moves it across the country... On Living in an Old Country probes such apparently fleeting and disconnected events in order to reveal how history lives on, not just in the specialist knowledge of historians, archaeologists and curators, but as a tangible presence permeating everyday life and shaping our sense of identity. It investigates the rise of 'heritage' as expressed in literature, advertising, and political rhetoric as well as in popular television dramas, conservation campaigns, and urban development schemes. It explores the relations between the idea of an imperilled national identity and the transformation of British society introduced by Margaret Thatcher. This is the book that put 'heritage' on the map, opening one of the defining cultural and political debates of our time, and showing why conservation is a subject of such broad significance in contemporary Britain. This new edition includes an extensive new preface and interview material reflecting on the ongoing debate about the heritage industry which the book helped to kick-start.
This book is the first biography in 42 years of the priest and educator who became one of the most important political forces in America's Cold War against communism.
Prohibition, with all its crime, corruption, and cultural upheaval, ran its course after thirteen years in most of the rest of the country—but not in Memphis, where it lasted thirty years. Patrick O’Daniel takes a fresh look at those responsible for the rise and fall of Prohibition, its effect on Memphis, and the impact events in the city made on the rest of the state and country. Prohibition remains perhaps the most important issue to affect Memphis after the Civil War. It affected politics, religion, crime, the economy, and health, along with race and class. In Memphis, bootlegging bore a particular character shaped by its urban environment and the rural background of the city’s inhabitants. Religious fundamentalists and the Ku Klux Klan supported Prohibition, while the rebellious youth of the Jazz Age fought against it. Poor and working-class people took the brunt of Prohibition, while the wealthy skirted the law. Like the War on Drugs today, African Americans, immigrants, and poor whites made easy targets for law enforcement due to their lack of resources and effective legal counsel. Based on news reports and documents, O’Daniel’s lively account distills long-forgotten gangsters, criminal organizations, and crusaders whose actions shaped the character of Memphis well into the twentieth century.
In the immediate aftermath of the Civil War, a turbulent period fraught with violence, struggle, and uncertainty, a forgotten few African Americans banded together as men to assert their rights as citizens. Following emancipation, the nation’s newest citizens established churches, entered the political arena, created educational and business opportunities, and even formed labor organizations, but it was through state militia service, with the prestige and heightened status conveyed by their affiliation, that they displayed their loyalty, discipline, and more importantly, their manliness within the public sphere. In African American State Volunteers in the New South, John Patrick Blair offers a comparative examination of the experiences and activities of African American men as members in the state volunteer military organizations of Georgia, Texas, and Virginia, including the complicated relationships between state government and military officials—many of them former Confederate officers—and the leaders of the Black militia volunteers. This important new study expands understanding of racial accommodation, however minor, toward the African American military, confirmed not only in the actions of state government and military officials to arm, equip, and train these Black troops, but also in the acceptance of clearly visible and authorized military activities by these very same volunteers. In doing so, it adds significant layers to our knowledge of racial politics as they developed during Reconstruction, and prompts us to consider a broader understanding of the history of the South into the twentieth century.
Franklin D. Roosevelt is the only 20th-century president consistently ranked by historians with the Founding Fathers and Abraham Lincoln. His leadership in the dark hours of the Depression and the Second World War has endowed him in the eyes of many with an aura of greatness. This book reexamines Roosevelt's life and legacy--for good and for ill. 16 illustrations.
A comprehensive yet accessible exploration of quantum chemical methods for the determination of molecular properties of spectroscopic relevance Molecular properties can be probed both through experiment and simulation. This book bridges these two worlds, connecting the experimentalist's macroscopic view of responses of the electromagnetic field to the theoretician’s microscopic description of the molecular responses. Comprehensive in scope, it also offers conceptual illustrations of molecular response theory by means of time-dependent simulations of simple systems. This important resource in physical chemistry offers: A journey in electrodynamics from the molecular microscopic perspective to the conventional macroscopic viewpoint The construction of Hamiltonians that are appropriate for the quantum mechanical description of molecular properties Time- and frequency-domain perspectives of light–matter interactions and molecular responses of both electrons and nuclei An introduction to approximate state response theory that serves as an everyday tool for computational chemists A unified presentation of prominent molecular properties Principles and Practices of Molecular Properties: Theory, Modeling and Simulations is written by noted experts in the field. It is a guide for graduate students, postdoctoral researchers and professionals in academia and industry alike, providing a set of keys to the research literature.
In this book, Patrick Lynn Rivers asserts that states govern racist hate by governing racial constructs. Rivers maintains that state practices used to govern hate and race in both the United States and South Africa do not make citizens safer, even as the United States markets itself as a "melting pot" of cultures and South Africa touts its status as the new multicultural "city on a hill." In effect, the regulatory practices of the neoliberal state aid in the redirection of responsibility for the eradication of racist hate away from the nation and toward the hated, leaving unaddressed the systemic causes of hate. In line with emerging scholarship on hate, but also taking advantage of the perspective that comparative analysis makes possible, Rivers advocates a particular brand of progressive activism for a socially engaged state and citizenry where race is central and racism is not anomalous.
Alturas and Lake Garfield are located in the heart of central Florida. Founded in the early 20th century, the area, nestled quietly among oaks, yellow pines, and beautiful natural lakes, attracted land seekers and developers. Alturas was projected to be the next "Capital of Florida Agriculture" with its roads, local hotel, multiple churches, and a center for the emerging Florida citrus industry. The anticipated metropolis never materialized, but it has endured the test of time as a wonderful location to enjoy a country lifestyle and raise children. Lake Garfield was established when the Roux family opened a large sawmill complex and created jobs for hundreds of employees. Many tenant houses, built by the sawmill, stretched along its streets. The decline of Lake Garfield began with the 1942 closing of the Roux Crate and Lumber Sawmill after the stands of yellow pine had been logged out. The progeny of the early arrivals still resides in the community.
This book tells the rich and often heroic story of the press in Liberia. Early newspapers were infused with a broad race consciousness which gave way to a specific nationalism at the turn of the last century. Initially, newspapers featured biting social commentary and enjoyed wide latitude to criticise officials, but restrictions were soon applied. Exploring the uses and abuses of power, the author demonstrates that the experience of Liberia provides a sobering corrective to the current euphoria regarding the effects of globalisation.
This textbook on Instructional Design for Learning is a must for all education and teaching students and specialists. It provides a comprehensive overview about the theoretical foundations of the various models of Instructional Design and Technology from its very beginning to the most recent approaches. It elaborates Instructional Design (ID) as a science of educational planning. The book expands on this general understanding of ID and presents an up-to-date perspective on the theories and models for the creation of detailed and precise blueprints for effective instruction. It integrates different theoretical aspects and practical approaches, such as conceptual ID models, technology-based ID, and research-based ID. In doing so, this book takes a multi-perspective view on the questions that are central for professional ID: How to analyze the relevant characteristics of the learner and the environment? How to create precise goals and adequate instruments of assessment? How to design classroom and technology-supported learning environments? How to ensure effective teaching and learning by employing formative and summative evaluation? Furthermore, this book presents empirical findings on the processes that enable effective instructional designing. Finally, this book demonstrates two different fields of application by addressing ID for teaching and learning at secondary schools and colleges, as well as for higher education.
A dark chapter in New York City had just ended. The resilience of the greatest city in the world, once again, had proven itself. The combined effort of the New York City Police Department and the Federal Bureau of Investigation had allowed the residents of this city to return to some kind of normalcy. The question was though, for how long! Core values were being challenged and it seemed a general feeling of malcontence permeated the city. A steadying influence needed to take place and hopefully a new administration would fulfill that need.
This book provides an overview of friction stir welding and friction stir spot welding with a focus on aluminium to aluminium and aluminium to copper. It also discusses experimental results for friction stir spot welding between aluminium and copper, offering a good foundation for researchers wishing to conduct more investigations on FSSW Al/Cu. Presenting full methodologies for manufacturing and case studies on FSSW Al/Cu, which can be duplicated and used for industrial purposes, it also provides a starting point for researchers and experts in the field to investigate the FSSW process in detail. A variant of the friction stir welding process (FSW), friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is a relatively new joining technique and has been used in a variety of sectors, such as the automotive and aerospace industries. The book describes the microstructural evolution, chemical and mechanical properties of FSW and FSSW, including a number of case studies.
The greatest flood in United States history struck the Ohio and Mississippi Valleys in January 1937. Perhaps no single flood in the United States had caused as much damage, displayed as much brutal natural force and displaced as many people. Not even the calamitous flood of 1927, which has eclipsed the '37 flood in terms of historical coverage was as massive. Author and Memphis local Patrick O'Daniel illustrates how this national natural disaster affected Memphis, in particular, and how the politicians of the day, from national figures like FDR to local political bosses like Ed Crump, handled unprecedented infrastructural challenges. Yet beyond politics and policy, O'Daniel tells the story of this historic disaster through the eyes of everyday Memphians, their struggles, care for thousands of desperate refugees and the measures they took to save their city from this devastating flood.
Throughout history, humans have explored new places, making both good and bad moral decisions along the way. As humanity proceeds to explore space, it is important that we learn from the successes and not repeat the mistakes of the past. This book provides the first comprehensive introduction to ethics as it applies to space exploration and use. It examines real-world case studies that exemplify the ethical challenges we face in exploring beyond Earth: space debris, militarization in space, hazardous asteroids, planetary protection, the search for extraterrestrial life, commercial and private sector activities in space, space settlements, very long duration missions, and planetary-scale interventions. Major themes include human health, environmental concerns, safety and risk, governance and decision-making, and opportunities and challenges of multidisciplinary and international contexts. Ideal for classroom use and beyond, the book provides ways of thinking that will help students, academics and policymakers examine the full range of ethical decisions on questions related to space exploration.
A look at the role of state policies in North-South economic divergence and in American industrial development leading up to the Civil War. In 1796, famed engineer and architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe toured the coal fields outside Richmond, Virginia, declaring enthusiastically, “Such a mine of Wealth exists, I believe, nowhere else!” With its abundant and accessible deposits, growing industries, and network of rivers and ports, Virginia stood poised to serve as the center of the young nation’s coal trade. By the middle of the nineteenth century, however, Virginia’s leadership in the American coal industry had completely unraveled while Pennsylvania, at first slow to exploit its vast reserves of anthracite and bituminous coal, had become the country’s leading producer. Sean Patrick Adams compares the political economies of coal in Virginia and Pennsylvania from the late eighteenth century through the Civil War, examining the divergent paths these two states took in developing their ample coal reserves during a critical period of American industrialization. In both cases, Adams finds, state economic policies played a major role. Virginia’s failure to exploit the rich coal fields in the western part of the state can be traced to the legislature’s overriding concern to protect and promote the interests of the agrarian, slaveholding elite of eastern Virginia. Pennsylvania’s more factious legislature enthusiastically embraced a policy of economic growth that resulted in the construction of an extensive transportation network, a statewide geological survey, and support for private investment in its coal fields. Using coal as a barometer of economic change, Old Dominion, Industrial Commonwealth addresses longstanding questions about North-South economic divergence and the role of state government in American industrial development.
Patrick Dyer's eighth book in the 'at work' series takes the reader on a journey with ERF, England's last independent truck manufacturer, between the years 1975 and 1993 with the B, C, CP and E-series trucks that the Sandbach based company produced in the face of overwhelming competition from foreign manufacturers.Apart from the renowned economy, reliability and longevity of the products, the B, C, CP and E-series truck ranges were all linked by the remarkable SP cab, which combined a steel cage with bolt on SMC panels. The system was so revolutionary that ERF patented it. The low cost of design and manufacture allowed it to update and improve its cabs with each series.ERF B, C, CP & E-series at Work draws on over 200 fine photographs from the manufacturer and trucking enthusiasts, which combine with the informative text to tell the remarkable story of these ERF products through some of the most turbulent years of the company's existence.
One of the first minor leagues in history, the Western League (previously the Northwestern League) was founded by Ban Johnson in 1885 and was the predecessor of today's American League. The Western League endured a season to season existence until Johnson created the American League and the Western continued to be a part of the minors, employing such future Hall of Famers as Charles Comiskey, Dizzy Dean, and Connie Mack. The league's demise in the minors came in the 1950s, but it was revived in 1995 as an independent league on the West Coast with no relation to the majors. This work begins with an introduction to the Western League and documents the history of the Western and the American leagues from 1885 through 1999. Included are photographs of teams and players who participated in the league and in-depth team and individual player statistics.
James Boyer's impressive life story - editor of the first newspaper in Ontario's northern districts, homesteading farmer, schoolteacher, town clerk of Bracebridge for decades, Methodist choir director, Muskoka district magistrate from 1878 to 1900 - is well documented in books and newspaper features. Behind his noteworthy Canadian life, however, lurked the haunting shadow of another. Isaac Jelfs, a young English clerk, became scapegoat for a Stratford law office scandal. In Birmingham the desperate Jelfs married, believing the older woman was pregnant by him. Unemployed, he tried to start over as a soldier with the Dragoon Guards in the Crimean War. As a deserter who escaped that mad slaughter to New York, he joined a major Broadway Avenue firm, fell in love with another woman, and fled to Canada with her and their love child to begin yet another new life, this time as Muskoka pioneer "James Boyer.
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