Patrick Kimuyu's Books

Neuronal Control of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Function during Physical Exercise

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Neuronal Control of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Function during Physical Exercise

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Academic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Anatomy, Physiology, Cytology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Exercise is an active biological process that involves energy consumption by the active muscles which are involved in physical exercise. This implies that the activity of muscles, primarily skeletal muscles changes considerably during physical exercise compared to the situation experienced during resting when muscles are not engaged in active activities. During any physical exercise including sporting activities such as marathon and cycling, skeletal muscles are fired by the chemical energy from the respiratory sites within the cell; the mitochondria which generate energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Despite the role played by the active muscles during exercise, it is worth noting that the activity of these muscles is controlled by the neuronal system. From a physiological perspective, the neuronal system controls the functioning of the two principal systems involved in energy metabolism. Cellular respiration requires adequate supply of Oxygen and organic molecules such as glucose and fatty acids which are metabolized to generate energy for use by the muscles during exercise. Therefore, this paper will provide a comprehensive discussion on the neuronal control of cardiovascular and respiratory function during exercise.

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ISBN 10

3668628815

ISBN 13

9783668628816

Ethical Issues of Human Cloning

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Ethical Issues of Human Cloning

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Scientific Essay from the year 2017 in the subject Medicine - Medical Frontiers and Special Areas, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: This essay will give an overview on the ethics of human cloning. It will provide a concise summary on the development of cloning and then discuss the scientific, societal and religious ethical perspectives to the issue. Genetic engineering is currently gaining unprecedented popularity owing to its usefulness in solving numerous biological problems. It has become a powerful tool in virtually all biological aspects of life. In medicine, genetic engineering has proven to be reliable in treating and managing biological disorders. It has also gained popularity in addressing the challenges posed by chronic diseases such as diabetes. The discovery of the so-called Induced Adult Stem-Cell Therapy and the industrial production of Insulin for treatment of diabetes seem to have shaped the social perspective of genetic engineering. On the other hand, genetic engineering technology has become one of the most reliable biological tools for increasing food production for rapidly growing global population. However, despite the numerous benefits of genetic engineering, immense criticism has emerged, especially with regard to the ethical perspective of the technology. Scientists are in unprecedented dilemma of whether the reproduction of cloned organisms will cause undesirable physical and behavioral traits, leading to the alteration of ‘normal’ organisms. Currently, there has emerged immense debate on human cloning leading to the shift of ethical perception on genetic engineering. Human cloning is believed to be one of the most popular biotechnological approaches with widespread adoption in the medical field. This is probably so because it has enabled medical professionals to address some of the most challenging health issues by providing them with extensive medical approach into an array of diseases and health conditions. Some of the medical applications, which have created unprecedented ethical debates among the global population, are the Somatic-cell Nuclear Transfer and test tube baby technology.

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3668576742

ISBN 13

9783668576742

Learning As Humans Survival Adaptation

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Learning As Humans Survival Adaptation

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Biology - Neurobiology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: The psychology of learning consists of two concepts: education and psychology. Educational psychology, therefore, is the application of pure science in education with the purpose of modifying and socializing the behavior of an individual. According to Mintz (2013), educational psychology is a description and explanation of the learning experience of a person from their birth to old age. It is that psychology branch dealing with learning and teaching. Krishna (2004) states that, the meaning of educational has been defined differently, but the notable definitions are by Stephen who defines educational psychology as the “systematic study of the educational growth and development of a child”. On the other hand, Judd (2009) describes educational psychology as “the science that explains the changes that take place in the individuals as they pass through the various stages of development”. In short, this is the science of learning.

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3668741123

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9783668741126

Managing and Mitigating the Proliferation of Cardiovascular Disease

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Managing and Mitigating the Proliferation of Cardiovascular Disease

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Project Report from the year 2018 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is seemingly becoming an immense challenge to the public health system. According to epidemiological reports, CVD has become the leading cause of disability and death worldwide, and it accounts for more than 2 million deaths in the United States. Over the past decade, the prevalence and incidence rates of CVD have been taking upward trends with stroke and heart disease being the most prevalent worldwide. In the US, it is estimated that 71.3 million adults are having one or more types of cardiovascular disease (Mensah & Brown, 2007). Therefore, this paper aims at providing a comprehensive epidemiological overview of CVD and design appropriate management and mitigation approaches that are suitable for local communities in addressing the disease.

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3668635366

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9783668635364

Diet and Disease in America

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Diet and Disease in America

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Diet has become one of the principal causes of the emerging diseases, especially the so-called Non-communicable Diseases (NCD’s) among the global population. Currently, most countries have experienced transient nutrition transition, owing to changes in lifestyle and the availability of dietary products. Globally, it seems most people have abandoned their traditional diet and adopted modern eating habits, which tend to favor the consumption of dietary fats, especially from animal products. In contrast, the highest percentage of the global population has reduced the consumption of a vegetarian diet such as vegetables and fruits; instead, most people have increased high-fat diet intake. Surprisingly, the ultimate result for the transient nutrition transition among the global population is the unprecedented increase of mortality rates related to Non-communicable diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. In America, diet related diseases have become an immense public healthcare problem to the healthcare system because diet related diseases have assumed upward trends. Therefore, this essay will give an overview of the diet and disease correlation.

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ISBN 10

3668575649

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9783668575646

The Role of the IPCC in the Understanding of Climate Change

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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The Role of the IPCC in the Understanding of Climate Change

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Politics - Environmental Policy, grade: 1, Egerton University (Public Health), course: Climate Change, language: English, abstract: Climate change seems to be a unique phenomenon owing to the numerous controversies surrounding it. This is why there exists a great divide between environmentalists and their challengers over the issue of climate change. To the present, the debate on climate change has taken diverse perspectives in which the critical issue is whether climate change is a factual or false phenomenon. In order to enhance understanding over the issue of climate change, a number of international agencies have been formed. One of the most proactive agencies that have immense contribution to the issue is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This scientific intergovernmental body was established in 1988 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Following its endorsement by the UN General Assembly the same year, IPCC became one of the organizations under the auspices of the UN. Its core responsibility is to review and assess scientific, socio-economic and technical information related to climate change and prepare assessment reports for the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Its reports focus on the risks of human-induced climate change, as well as, its potential socio-economic and environmental impacts. As such, IPCC reports propose the most appropriate mitigation approaches to climate change. Since its inception, IPCC has contributed immensely to the assessment of climate change. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive discussion on IPCC’s contribution to the climate change debate. It will also present a critical assessment of the linkage between the agency’s values and interests, its advocacy positions and its use of science.

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3668563691

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9783668563698

Principles of Aggression Theories and the Underlying Cause of Bullying Behavior

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Principles of Aggression Theories and the Underlying Cause of Bullying Behavior

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Medical Frontiers and Special Areas, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Aggression has emerged as a social and public health issue that calls for advanced understanding, as well as the adoption of appropriate interventions. Its contemporary prominence has attracted an immense focus from social scientists and clinical experts. In explaining what aggression entails, the concerned groups have advanced diverse perspectives; on the one hand, theorists have always sought to explain why individuals express aggressive behavior as part of their core personality traits. On the other hand, biologists have been investigating possible neural basis of aggression, arguing that aggressive behavior is innate; whereas a majority of psychologists hold that aggression attitudes are a product of social and environmental interactions. Based on these diverse perspectives, an unprecedented debate, the nature versus nurture controversy, has emerged to explain the causes of aggression. Surprisingly, clear disagreements over the origin of aggression exist among psychologists. Some have upheld the tenets of psychodynamic approach to describe human aggressive behavior as an instinctive construct hence innate, whereas cognitive theorists hold that aggression is learnt. Despite the lack of consensus on the basis of human aggression, it is explicit that this behavior bears undesirable consequences. Of great concern is bullying, an aspect that has become a serious social problem among the global community, and which will be interrogated in depth in this discussion. According to Swearer, Wang, Berry and Myers, bullying has emerged as a disastrous social relationship problem. In theory, bullying can be described as a form of aggression that is characterized by a systematic and repeated abuse of power. Over the past few decades, bullying has been blamed for an increase in suicidal cases and delinquency, especially among the youth. In summary, this paper focuses on discussing the social psychological basis of bullying behavior in a manner that is consistent with the principles of aggression theories.

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ISBN 10

3668689490

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9783668689497

Nursing Clinical Journal. A Reflection of Interpersonal Communication

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Nursing Clinical Journal. A Reflection of Interpersonal Communication

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Scientific Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Hospital Environment, Clinical Medicine, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Communication in the nursing practice is considered the most important element in providing effective nursing care to patients. This is so because; good communication ensures coordination among nurses and co-workers, as well as other healthcare professionals involved in the patient’s treatment and care. However, it is worth noting that, communication among nurses in the hospital setting encompasses several challenges. This aspect is reaffirmed by most leaders in the nursing profession. For instance, Anderson (2013) remarks “Communication in [the] nursing profession can be a complicated process, and the possibility of sending or receiving incorrect messages frequently exists (par. 2). Therefore, this clinical journal will provide an overview on communication in my workplace; Med/Surge and Detox/Psychiatric unit in a hospital located at NYC where I have been working for nine years.

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3668627746

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9783668627741

The differences between postmortem and antemortem injuries

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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The differences between postmortem and antemortem injuries

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Document from the year 2017 in the subject Medicine - Pathology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Autopsy is a valuable procedure performed by a qualified physician to assess the quality of patient care to evaluate clinical diagnostic accuracy. In addition, autopsy determines the effectiveness and impact of therapeutic regimens in discovering and defining new or changing diseases to increase the understanding of biological processes of disease. It also helps in augmenting clinical and basic research, to provide accurate public health and education as it relates to disease and medico - legal factual information. The benefits of forensic autopsy in criminology are undisputed; it allows the pathologist to see, and describe findings that were previously demonstrated and confirmed through the use of histology for confirmation. In practice, there is abundant evidence that clinical diagnosis still have room for improvement and that autopsy has much to contribute to the improvement of patient care. However, forensic pathology requires extensive understanding on postmortem and antemortem differences for accurate reporting of postmortem examinations. Therefore, this paper will provide comparisons between antemortem and postmortem injuries. It will also attempt to demystify the criticism surrounding autopsy (postmortem) by evaluating the drawbacks associated to all the methods applied in the assessment of bruises.

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3668582319

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9783668582316

Perspectives on Cannibalism. A Comparison of William Aren, Beth Conklin and Lindenbaum

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Perspectives on Cannibalism. A Comparison of William Aren, Beth Conklin and Lindenbaum

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Pedagogy - Theory of Science, Anthropology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: The topic of cannibalism in anthropology seems to encompass an unprecedented controversy, owing to the diverse perspectives of different anthropologists. It has remained as one of the ancient taboos across cultures although it is surrounded by mystery, speculation, myth, fear and symbolism. Historically, the practice of cannibalism is believed to have survived across cultures over centuries to the modern times and, its significance in different cultures varies significantly. Some cultures considered cannibalism as a revered and sacred custom but, in other cultures, it was considered as a sacrilegious and an atrocious practice. It is worth noting that cannibalism seems to have existed among communities, although William Aren’s book "The Man-Eating Myth: Anthropology & Anthropophagy" portrayed the seemingly old-age practice as a myth. This literature sparked an unprecedented criticism from a number of anthropologists such as Beth A. Conklin and Lindenbaum who gave contradictory perspectives. Therefore, this essay will give a comprehensive discussion of the different perspectives from Aren, Conklin and Lindenbaum over the issue of cannibalism.

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366859208X

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9783668592087

Drug Problem in the U.S.

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Drug Problem in the U.S.

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Scientific Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1.3, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Over decades, the United States has experienced devastating consequences from illicit drug use. Foremost, the drug menace has led to an immense burden to the public healthcare system through expenditure on the treatment of substance use disorders. Today, abuse of prescription drugs, primarily opioids is causing the highest number of deaths in the U.S. history. On the other hand, illicit drug use has been causing economic losses over the years, leading to increases in government expenditure on drugs every year. For instance, the country was estimated to have lost $193 billion in 2007 only due to illicit drug use, especially in lost productivity, health and crime. These consequences are the key reason why the US has not relented on the war against drugs. Over the past decades, the federal government has been carrying out reforms in the justice system with attempts to break the cycle crime and drug use (Kerlikowske, 2012). The main focus has been reducing drug trafficking, drug production and drug related transnational threats. Despite the concerted efforts by different Administrations since the declaration of ‘War on Drugs’ by President Nixon in 1971, it is apparent that the U.S. has not yet been able to end drug menace. In the past four decades, deaths from drug abuse have been increasing, annually, and this phenomenon is evidenced by statistics for the past decade. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Agency [FDA] (2013), prescription drugs abuse deaths increased from 66.7% in 2000 to 77.5% by 2010. In reference to these statistics, it is explicit that the United States’ Government’s response has not been adequate to combat drugs.

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3668627762

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9783668627765

Principles of Tortuous Liability

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Principles of Tortuous Liability

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2017 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1.6, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Tortuous liability is applied in healthcare in order to monitor claims and lawsuits arising from medical malpractices and negligence of their staff. Precisely, ‘tort’ refers to wrongful action committed by a person. The remedy to tort is damages, and this forms a part of the law of obligation. Currently, juries doctor program has made the principles of tortuous liability compulsory for their students. In this program, students learn the fundamental elements of tort liability in areas such as breach of duty, causation, negligence and defenses to liability. Tort liability in many healthcare setting is based on the conduct of personnel working at the facility as well as the organization itself. Tort law has mainly two objectives; deterrence and compensation. Seemingly, in 2002, the Australia tort laws went through major changes. Tort laws in Australia are divided into three groups namely; negligence torts, strict liability torts and intentional torts. Negligence torts refer to civil wrongs that occur due to one’s failure in exercising care against risk of known harm. Intentional torts are defined as deliberate action that results to harming a plaintiff. Classical example of intentional tort includes fraud and defamation. Strict liability torts impose accountability on a company that is not guilty of wrongdoing but its activities cause dangerous harm to the society despite taking the appropriate care. According to researchers, reasonable comprehension of tort can aid in minimizing the occurrence of tort liability. Risk managers have a duty of updating all the relevant organizations procedures and policies so as to meet the stipulated legal requirements. Any change in policy must be passed to the organizational staff in order to familiarize them with the incoming changes and probable effect on their daily activities. Therefore, this analysis focuses on the impact of reforms on tort law.

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3668575908

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9783668575905

Drug Nutrient Interactions. The Case for Warfarin’s Interaction with Vitamin E and Fish Oil

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Drug Nutrient Interactions. The Case for Warfarin’s Interaction with Vitamin E and Fish Oil

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Pharmacology, Pharmacy, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This paper will provide a comprehensive assessment of warfarin and its nutritional interactions, primarily vitamin E and fish oil. In practice, nutritional components are known to influence the efficacy of therapeutic agents. Some nutrients improve the efficacy of some drugs, whereas others reduce their therapeutic potency. As such, it is critical to understand the nutritional interactions between drugs and the nutritional components in the diet. Diets which interfere with the activity of certain drugs should be avoided during the treatment period. This prevents nutritional interactions which may result into adverse reactions. The same precaution applies to nutritional supplements. Over the past few decades, nutritional supplements have flooded the market. However, these supplements raise safety concerns, especially on dosage, efficacy and side effects. Despite the safety concerns, it is worth noting that some nutritional components such as vitamins and fatty acids have been found to have clinical significance. They are used for the treatment of different health conditions and illnesses, especially when combined with therapeutic agents. For instance, vitamin E and Omega-3 fatty acids have gained immense acceptance in clinical practice. However, their use should be guided by their interactions with drugs. Warfarin, an antithrombotic agent, is one of the drugs which exhibit interactions with vitamin E and fish oil. This drug is used for the prevention and treatment of arterial and venous thrombotic disease since its development. However, dietary interactions have always complicated its safe use.

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3668637237

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9783668637238

Comprehensive Description of the Behavioral Approach. Strengths and Limitations of Behaviourism

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Comprehensive Description of the Behavioral Approach. Strengths and Limitations of Behaviourism

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Academic Paper from the year 2017 in the subject Medicine - Neurology, Psychiatry, Addiction, grade: 2, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: It appears that the field of psychology is becoming extremely fascinating day-by-day owing to the sophistication of newly designed psychology approaches and research advancement. It is evidently true that the discipline of psychology has undergone transient evolution since its inception, and further developments are inevitable because; psychological research is currently widening to incorporate different perspective, which were not studied in psychology in the past. Initially, psychology emerged as one of the classical disciplines of science but, it has advanced significantly, especially after psychologists established the new branch of applied psychology whose application is gaining popularity. Currently, psychology does not only entail the social aspect of the human mind, but it also involves biological perspective and, this has led to the emergence of biopsychology and cognitive psychology. However, it is worth noting that there are different approaches of psychology but, behaviourist approach seems to explain the interaction of the human mind and the environment. Therefore, this essay will provide a comprehensive description of the behavioural approach and evaluate its strengths and limitations.

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3668585296

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9783668585294

Demystifying Erythema Multiforme

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Demystifying Erythema Multiforme

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Epidemiology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Erythema multiforme is one of the rare dermatological disorders, and it is believed to be an hypersensitivity reaction to certain medications and infections. Lamoreux, Sternbach and Teresa (2006) describe the disorder as an acute, self-limited, as well as a recurring dermatological condition. This description is reaffirmed by Sokumbi and Wetter (2012) who cite certain medications, infections and other factors as triggers for type IV hypersensitivity reactions leading to the development of the main clinical features of erythema multiforme. In principle, this disorder derives its name from the characteristic appearance of the rash; ‘erythema’ redness; ‘multi’-many; and ‘forme’-shape (NHS, 2014). Initially, Erythema multiforme was considered to belong to a clinical spectrum of disorder that comprised of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), erythema minor, and erythema major. However, advanced clinical descriptions of these conditions have been developed based on nature of the skin lesions, as well as the extent of epidermis detachment in which erythema multiforme and SJS are classified as different entities. Erythema multiforme spectrum comprises of erythema multiforme minor which is described as raised edematous papules exhibiting acral distribution, and erythema major which is characterized by acrally distributed edematous papules involving one or more mucous membranes (Bastuji-Garin et al., 1993). Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive overview on erythema multiforme.

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ISBN 10

3668639361

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9783668639362

The Euthanasia Debate

Major Arguments and Religious Perspectives

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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The Euthanasia Debate

Major Arguments and Religious Perspectives

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Polemic Paper from the year 2017 in the subject Medicine - Medical Frontiers and Special Areas, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Euthanasia is seemingly raising numerous agonizing ethical dilemmas. Therefore, this research paper will critically analyze the ethical aspects of euthanasia. Euthanasia refers to the termination of a terminally ill patient’s life. It is executed at an individual’s consent especially when someone is suffering from an incurable health condition. In addition, the decision to terminate a patient’s life can also be made by the patient’s relatives, the court of law or medical practitioners. However, it is worth noting that the decision by the relatives, the court or the medics is only reached at if the patient is critically ill, such that he or she cannot think or reason. Euthanasia is commonly known as mercy killing or assisted suicide because all the suicide procedures are designed in such a way that, the patient’s dignity is not degraded or compromised. The Greeks termed it as euthanatos which simply meant easy death. Some individuals who are not terminally ill can sign consent for their lives to be terminated through euthanasia because of ethical reasons especially with matters related to human dignity, but this happens on rare occasions. However, euthanasia has aroused unprecedented debate in the society because it involves several considerations; the most significant one’s being practical, religious and ethical issues. Moreover, this practice seems to be somehow challenging to the health professionals, since it is not in alignment with the medical ethics nor legal framework. Euthanasia is illegal in the United Kingdom: thus, it is considered illegal. Therefore, approaches towards euthanasia require caution, since it can lead to legal repercusions. For instance, voluntary euthanasia is considered as a crime in the United Kingdom, which is punishable by law. Any individual who deliberately executes euthanasia is subjected to serve a jail term.

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3668631948

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9783668631946

The Role of Managed Care Organizations within the Healthcare Industry

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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The Role of Managed Care Organizations within the Healthcare Industry

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Medical Frontiers and Special Areas, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This paper will provide a comprehensive overview of managed care, primarily on the advantages and disadvantages of managed care organizations. Over the decades, the United States’ healthcare system has been experiencing challenges. In general, the cost and quality of care has always been considered as the most critical factors that influence healthcare sustainability in the United States and the world, as a whole. As a result, a series of value-based payment reforms have been introduced. For instance, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010 introduced payment and delivery system reforms. From a critical perspective, the reforms introduced by the ACA have addressed the long-standing problems which have been posing enormous hindrances to the development of the U.S. healthcare system. Above all, it has enhanced managed care through consolidating care, as well as, addressing the problem of unsustainable costs and uneven quality of care. However, managed care seems to exhibit some drawbacks too.

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3668627614

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9783668627611

Genetic and Neurobiological Basis of Schizophrenia

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Genetic and Neurobiological Basis of Schizophrenia

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Pathology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Schizophrenia has emerged as one of the most debilitating psychiatric disorders, and it impacts on an individual’s quality of life. Its prevalence is approximately 1.0%, whereas its incidence ranges from 0.16 to 0.42/1000 individuals. Evidence indicates that genetics have an integral role in the onset of schizophrenia. Some of genes involved in the development of schizophrenia include RELN gene, GRM3 gene, COMT gene, and NOS1AP gene. Similarly, neurological dysfunctions including dopamine and glutamate dysfunction have been identified as some of the main factors underlying the pathophysiology of the disorder. Overall, there is evidence that support the biological basis of schizophrenia.

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3668632928

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9783668632929

Science outside the Classroom

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Science outside the Classroom

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Pedagogy - School System, Educational and School Politics, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Science appears to have dominated all aspects of mankind in the universe. It is blatantly true to assert that the future of mankind is immensely depended on scientific prosperity. Today, scientific innovations have taken the center stage in social and economic development. Moreover, science has become extensively under twinned with the cultural heritage of the global community. Therefore, scientific literacy among the global population appears to be the most appropriate answer to the survival of mankind in the universe. Clough (2010) states, “Scientific literacy is an urgent and important issue. Why should we care? The answer is simple: Our way of life and our survival are at stake.”

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3668744459

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9783668744455

Alternative Methods of treating Bipolar Disorder

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Alternative Methods of treating Bipolar Disorder

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2017 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Bipolar disorder has seemingly become one of the most challenging psychiatric illnesses in the U.S and the world at large. Statistics of this disorder were considered relatively insignificant in the past, but recent studies reveal that its prevalence has increased to an alarming level. Bipolar disorder is a psychiatric illness in which an individual experiences mania and depression episodes leading to social withdrawal, irritability and extreme sadness. In addition, bipolar mania is characterized with aggressiveness, sexual inappropriateness and exaggerated self-confidence. As such, its diagnosis and treatment encompasses immense complexity. However, there are numerous alternatives of treating bipolar disorder, which are more efficient than medication. Therefore, this research paper will discuss alternative methods of dealing with bipolar disorder such as lifestyle changes, nutrition and herbal remedies. It will also provide an overview on medication, and its related side effects to create an understanding of the significance of using alternative treatment approaches.

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3668575487

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9783668575486

Caring For Elderly at Home versus Nursing Homes and Assisted Living

A Comparative Analysis of Different Forms of Care

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Caring For Elderly at Home versus Nursing Homes and Assisted Living

A Comparative Analysis of Different Forms of Care

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2016 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This paper will provide an overview of caring for the elderly in which it will focus on caring for elderly at home verses nursing homes and assisted living. Caring for the elderly is becoming an enormous challenge to the U.S healthcare system. It has become a significant public health issue whereby the elderly population requires extensive care from their families. Currently, the population of persons aged 65 years and above is estimated to be 39.6 million, which is equivalent to12.9% of the total U.S population. Research indicates that the percentages of elderly persons have increased significantly in the last decade. In 2000, the percentage of the elderly population was found to be 12.4%, so it has increased by 0.5% within a span of 10 years, and this is predicted to reach as high as 19% by 2030. This implies that the population of older persons will be about 72.1 million which will be more than twice their population in the year 2000. In this context, care for the elderly will serve as the most principal approach in enhancing their health and social wellbeing. Caring for the elderly people involves numerous aspects, which require comprehensive evaluation to ensure that people at old-age enjoy a high quality of life. Ordinarily, elderly people are faced with health challenges owing to their aging bodies which are susceptible to illnesses. For instance, most old people experience mental degradation leading to memory loss. In addition, some people develop loss of vision and hearing abilities while others suffer from mental disorders such as Alzheimer’s and dementia. In theory, care-giving serves as the most principal requirement for the elderly for improved health. However, care-giving is usually faced with challenges owing to the complexity of decision making, availability of resources and experiences of care-givers. Ideally, elderly persons are supposed to be taken care of in a safe and healthy environment.

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3668575843

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9783668575844

The revelance of homeopathy in pregnancy, childbirth and parturition

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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The revelance of homeopathy in pregnancy, childbirth and parturition

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2017 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University (Public Health), language: English, abstract: Pregnancy and childbirth phenomena are considered to be among the most fundamental issues in one’s life. These are the early stages of life and, they seem to be delicate and difficult to manage. Currently, there are a number of sophisticated medical procedures, which appear to have eliminated pain and increased the safety of the mother and child. In the past, pregnancy and delivery were some of the most painful ordeals to women and, could result into death at times, owing to pregnancy complications. As a result, healthcare professionals in public and private healthcare facilities are currently administering heavy drug doses to pregnant mothers, especially during delivery to hasten labor and suppress pain. However, they have adopted this new approach to evade lawsuits related to the medical ethics, in case they perform delivery with fatal outcome. Alternatively, homeopathy has currently emerged as the most appropriate approach towards addressing the enormous health challenges associated with conventional medical procedures. Therefore, this research will give an overview of homeopathy and its relevance in pregnancy, childbirth and after parturition.

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3668584737

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9783668584730

The Art and Science of Nursing Demystified

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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The Art and Science of Nursing Demystified

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Nursing Science - Miscellaneous, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In retrospection, the practice of nursing has experienced remarkable development since its inception. It is explicit that nursing profession has become the backbone of the healthcare system. As the healthcare system undergoes transformation to meet the needs of patients, the practice of nursing experience advanced developments. According to Salmond and Echevarria, healthcare transformation has led to a remarkable transformation of nursing as it is evidenced by the changing roles of nurses. This implies that traditional portrayal of nursing as an art has changed, giving contemporary nursing advanced dimensions. These new dimensions reflect the integration of science into the nursing practice. Therefore, it is explicit that science is what has been shaping the nursing practice. Ferreira acknowledges that modern nursing was founded as a profession that focuses on the art of caring. However, the adoption of science in nursing has transformed the profession into both art and science. Based on this understanding, this paper seeks to provide a focused discussion on how nursing practice is an art and science. From the conceptual description, nursing profession was founded as an art. This is evident in Florence Nightingale’s perspective. However, it has taken more than a century to clarify the conceptual definition of the art of nursing. This new definition of the art of nursing has brought into light the fundamental roles of a nurse which justify it to be an art.

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3668683190

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9783668683198

Addiction among Indigenous Australians Living in Rural or Remote Australia. Physical and Mental Effects

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Addiction among Indigenous Australians Living in Rural or Remote Australia. Physical and Mental Effects

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Scientific Essay from the year 2017 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This essay will provide an overview on the physical and mental effects of alcohol addiction among indigenous Australians living in rural Australia. It will discuss the background of alcohol addiction among indigenous Australians and evaluate its impact on the health of the concerned population. Addition among the indigenous Australians living in rural Australia has seemingly become an enormous social issue in the society. Over the past three decades, alcohol addiction and other drugs is believed to have caused significant physical and mental consequences on the lives of indigenous Australian population because it has been one of the principal causes of drug problems. It is reported that addiction to alcohol has contributed significantly to the prevalence of chronic diseases including mental illnesses. Apart from causing mental illnesses, alcohol addiction contributes to the occurrence of liver cirrhosis, fetal alcohol syndrome, cardiovascular disease and several types of cancer. On the other hand, alcohol and drugs addiction is believed to have contributed to crime, accidents, violence and anti-social behaviors because it impairs coordination and judgment.

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366858169X

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9783668581692

Mosquito Biology and Emerging Health Issues

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Mosquito Biology and Emerging Health Issues

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Epidemiology, grade: 1.1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Mosquitoes remain to be among the most amazing organisms in the universe. Evolutionary data reveals that mosquitoes have survived for more than 30 million years in which 3,500 species have evolved. Despite the large genetic diversity observed in mosquitoes, only a few species have been found to bother humans. Over the years, research on mosquitoes has enabled entomologists in identifying different mosquito taxonomic classes. However, the classification of mosquitoes has been surrounded by unprecedented controversy because new species are being discovered year-by-year. The latest mosquito species to be identified include the two mosquito species belonging to the Topomyia genus recently discovered in Sri Lanka and the invasive Aedes japonicas species discovered in Asia (Kampen & Werner 2014). According to the taxonomic classification, mosquitoes belong to the largest animal phylum; Arthropoda, and they are grouped in the Class: Insecta that comprises of other insects such as the flies. Down in the taxonomic classification, mosquitoes belong to the Order: Diptera and Family: Culicidae that comprise of various sub-families. At present, there are 43 known mosquito genera, which comprise of over 3,500 species (Rueda 2008). In addition, an extensive study has been conducted to generate a comprehensive understanding on the anatomy, physiology and ecological characteristics of mosquitoes. It is believed that the ecological characteristics of mosquitoes and physiology are responsible for the emerging health issues. Therefore, this research paper will give a comprehensive overview of the mosquito biology. It will discuss the anatomy, physiology and ecological characteristics of mosquitoes. It will also provide a concise overview on the mosquito-borne diseases.

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366862707X

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9783668627079

Ergogenic Aids. Effects and Health Risks

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Ergogenic Aids. Effects and Health Risks

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Over the years, exercise science has evolved to introduce new dimensions into the way energy is utilized in the body. During sports activities such as athletics, cycling and swimming, endurance for long hours is necessary for the maintenance of high muscle activity. Ordinarily, body muscles are responsible for generating chemical energy which is utilized during physical activity. Therefore, energy reserves in the body tend to be depleted, especially after prolonged exposure to strenuous exercise such as running. This applies to sprinters as well as, long-distance runners. This phenomenon is also experienced by people who engage in strenuous physical exercise, rather than sports. On the other hand, strenuous exercises including sporting activities involve a high level of dehydration. This leads to a significant loss of body fluids, as well as salts. These factors have prompted sporting people to look for remedies for energy depletion and dehydration, in order to maintain endurance in physical activities such as athletics. In theory, these remedies are referred to as ergogenic aids. An ergogenic aid can be defined as a mechanical, physical, psychological, nutritional, or a pharmacological substance that either limits physiological capacity by removing subjective restraints or directly enhances physiological variables in the body, especially those related to exercise performance. According to the definition of ergogenic aids, it is apparent that steroids are considered some of the most principal ergogenic compounds which can be used in sports. This is so because steroids tend to increase muscle activity, especially during strenuous exercises. Ordinarily, steroids have been in clinical use as pharmacological substances for the treatment of an array of health conditions. They have also been used as nutritional supplements for enhancing hormone production, and alleviation of anxiety. This implies that steroids possess psychological functions in the body. As such, steroids are ergogenic aids, and this is why athletes are prohibited from taking steroids because they alter their actual performance by providing them with a competitive advantage. It is believed that steroids enhance exercise performance, more or less the same as other pharmacological ergogenic aids.

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3668576904

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9783668576902

The Affordable Health Care Act (ObamaCare) and the Concept of Universal Healthcare

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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The Affordable Health Care Act (ObamaCare) and the Concept of Universal Healthcare

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2016 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Healthcare reforms in the United States have always been faced with challenges, ranging from the drafting of the concerned policies to their implementation. This is probably the reason as to why the U.S healthcare system has never attained remarkable sustainability, especially through the elimination of health inequalities with the population. However, ObamaCare has attracted unprecedented political criticism, owing to its cost consequences. Therefore, this paper will provide an overview of the U.S context, in which the Affordable Care Act has attracted political criticism. It will also present the methods used to analyze different perspectives of the issue in regard to political narrative strategies, in which the dominant perspective will discuss the concept on universal healthcare as a reliable public policy.

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3668583242

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9783668583245

Pathophysiology of Acontractile Smooth Muscle Syndrome

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Pathophysiology of Acontractile Smooth Muscle Syndrome

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Anatomy, Physiology, Cytology, grade: 1.2, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In this case study, the pathophysiology of Acontractile Smooth Muscle Syndrome (ASMS) seems easy to understand because its cause is known. The fact that ASMS is caused by a genetic mutation of recessive genes implies that it affects tissues and organs which have smooth muscles (Webb, 2003). Therefore, this paper will present a number of hypotheses on the possible pathophysiology of ASMS. Due to extensive epidemiological studies and technological advancements in the field of medicine, new diseases are being regularly discovered. Understanding human physiology and pathophysiology has enhanced the search for cures and therapeutic remedies to most diseases. However, some health conditions are accompanied by unprecedented controversy owing to the absence of known etiological causes. In most cases, knowing the aetiology of a certain disease helps in developing medicines and treatment therapies, in order to cure the disease or manage the disease symptoms, as it is the case with chronic illnesses.

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3668624186

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9783668624184

The Veterans' Health Policy Change Debate. A Presentation

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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The Veterans' Health Policy Change Debate. A Presentation

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Presentation slides from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This presentation advocates for a policy change to allow veterans access to treatment after deployment. The objectives of the presentation are: To create insight on the need for policy reforms; to propose alternative strategies to address the problem; and to recommend future approaches.

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3668631921

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9783668631922

The Epidemiology of Malaria Disease

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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The Epidemiology of Malaria Disease

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Epidemiology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Malaria is one of the life-threatening infectious diseases whose impacts are experienced in the global healthcare systems. It is known to cause deaths in both endemic and non-endemic regions. Ordinarily, malaria disease I found predominantly within the tropical and subtropical regions where climatic conditions favor survival and transmission of the parasite. Some of the regions where malaria occur are Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and southern Asia. In regard to the impact of malaria, the disease causes enormous disease burden to the global population. Globally, more than 200 million cases are reported every year. Epidemiological reports indicate that 3.3 billion people from 106 countries and territories experience a high risk of malaria transmission. However, the greatest burden of malaria disease occurs in the African region. In 2010, this region accounted for 91% of the global malaria deaths, whereas South-east Asian region and Eastern Mediterranean region recorded 6% and 3% of deaths, respectively. However, it is worth noting that, malaria causes a significant percentage of deaths in non-endemic areas. For instance, in the US, its prevalence reached the highest level in 2011 since 1971. However, most U.S. residents acquired the disease from tropical countries where it is endemic. Epidemiological reports indicate that 70% of malaria cases in 2011were acquired from tropical countries, primarily in Africa.

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3668742561

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9783668742567

The Link between Mobile Phones and Loneliness

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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The Link between Mobile Phones and Loneliness

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Document from the year 2018 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1.3, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In the past five decades, information technology has advanced immensely from telephone booths to mobile phones. More importantly, is the invention of the internet that has lifted the challenge of distance. Today, people can connect through the internet without having to travel over long distances for a face-to-face meeting. Similarly, communication has become highly sophisticated and simple. Just an email or a text message is enough to deliver information within seconds, doing all that from the comfort of your sofa. Isn’t that not comfort? The answer to this question appears obvious; it is comfort, indeed. Ironically, it is this comfort which has become the problem in the information age, and the society is paying a heavy price for it. It is reported that loneliness has become a social issue in the global society with trends of loneliness showing alarming upward surge. Interestingly, mobile phones are, partly to blame for the rising incidence of loneliness.

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366869009X

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9783668690097

Ethical Decision Making Issues on Palliative Seduction

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Ethical Decision Making Issues on Palliative Seduction

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Polemic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Medical Frontiers and Special Areas, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This paper will provide a critical analysis of palliative seduction, especially with regard to ethical decision making in physician-assisted suicide. It is evident that nurses play pivotal roles in the implementation of palliative seduction. Arevalo et al (2013) state “that nurses are important participants in the different phases of implementation of palliative sedation; starting with the day-to-day care of terminally ill patients and their relatives” (p. 618). Palliative seduction has become one of the most contentious ethical issues in the United States of America. Consequently, ethical decision making has also become one of the most challenging issues to baccalaureate prepared nurses and society at large. Nurses experience immense challenges while caring for patients in palliative care, especially in making end-of-life decisions. Fernandes and Moreira (2012) reaffirm the challenges faced by nurses in ethical decision making by stating that nurses “consider that end-of-life decisions, privacy, interaction between nurse/patient and/or family, team work, and access to care arise in their daily life” (p. 81). This is, probably the principal reason as to why current debate over whether palliative seduction in physician-assisted suicide should be legalized or not has evoked unprecedented controversy in the society. From a critical approach, the issue of palliative seduction has been complicated by the doctrine of double effect. However, this doctrine does not have legal, empirical and ethical relevance.

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3668658994

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9783668658998

Implications of Virginia Henderson’s Theory of Nursing

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Implications of Virginia Henderson’s Theory of Nursing

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Presentation slides from the year 2018 in the subject Nursing Science - Miscellaneous, grade: 1.2, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Henderson’s theory of nursing bears immense implications for nursing education, research and practice. Foremost, the development of the nursing education curriculum is based on the theory’s core concepts. The development of nursing education curriculum follows three main phases that ensure students’ progress in the learning process. In general, the theory’s implications for nursing research are attributable to Henderson’s emphasis on the significance of research in improving the nursing career. Therefore, this presentation discusses the implications of Henderson’s theory of nursing.

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3668648891

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9783668648890

Solutions to Organ Shortages for Transplantation

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Solutions to Organ Shortages for Transplantation

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Scientific Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Organ transplantation has become one of the most reliable life-saving medical approaches in the medical field. Miller et al. (2003) report “many lives have been saved that would not have been otherwise, and yet waiting lists for organs continue to increase” (par. 3). Historically, organ transplantation dates back to 1954 when the first human kidney was transplanted successfully. Later on in 1967, Christian Barnard carried out the first heart transplant. In general, a number of organ transplants were performed in 1960s including liver, pancreas and lung transplants, and this opened up treatment options for patients with organ failures. However, it is worth noting that, the success of organ transplant was enhanced by an array of clinical research findings. For instance, the discovery of immunosuppressive drugs, which prevented the rejection of organ grafts served as a significant breakthrough in organ transplantation. Currently, organ transplantation has gained popularity owing to its reliability although organ procurement and allocation laws appear to have limited its clinical use. Abouna (2008) reports “In the United States, for example, the number of patients on the waiting list in the year 2006 had risen to over 95,000 while the number of patient deaths was over 6,300” (p. 34). However, organ transplantation has been faced with unprecedented organ shortage crises. It has been reported that about 18 patients in the waiting list die every day owing to the shortage of organ donations (Rall, 2013). Therefore, this paper will provide solutions which appear relevant in addressing the shortage of organs available for transplantation.

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3668575231

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9783668575233

Costs and Benefits of the International Flow of Health Workers

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Costs and Benefits of the International Flow of Health Workers

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2017 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: This paper will provide an overview on the costs and benefits of health human resources migration Health economics is seemingly becoming one of the most significant elements of healthcare sustainability. Despite the slowdown experienced in the realization of health transition in most countries, the current wave of globalization seems to have exerted a positive impact on global healthcare systems. However, shortages of health workers remain to be the greatest challenge to the development of healthcare systems, leading to imbalances in international human resources migration. This challenge has also prompted many countries to adopt cost-effective healthcare reforms to improve the sustainability of healthcare systems and improve health outcomes. For instance, training for health workers has been intensifies in developing countries. In 2008, Australia drafted primary healthcare reforms to ensure efficient flow of healthcare services by reducing healthcare expenditure. These reforms were designed based on the estimation of healthcare expenditure, which was expected to increase from 3.8 percent, in 2006-07 to 7.3 percent of the Gross Domestic Product, in 2046-47. However, trends of healthcare costs are changing drastically, owing to the current international flow of healthcare professionals, which has influence health economics..

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3668588538

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9783668588530

Challenges Undermining the Success of Payment Protection Insurance in the UK

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Challenges Undermining the Success of Payment Protection Insurance in the UK

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1.4, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: The main objective of this report is to understand the concept of PPI, explore the process lenders have adopted over the last 20 years in providing customers with PPI, and the controversy which evolved in the UK regarding the provision of PPI from a consumer, regulation and retail perspectives. Payment Protection Insurance (PPI) is a form of payment to customers that acts as a cover for the monthly repayments of loans owned to them by financial institutions such as the banks and insurance firms in situations when the customer becomes unemployed, falls sick or dies or even in case of an accident. Over the years, PPI has attracted increasing debate especially in the UK market following various concerns such as miss-sold products to customers who took loans. This concern led to some of the financial institutions in UK including HSBC to stop the progress of selling PPI in most of its branches in 2007, including personal loan protection plan, small business loan protection, cardholder repayment loan, mortgage repayment protection, and flexiloan repayment protection (Financial Ombudsman Service. 2011).

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3668697418

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9783668697416

Recent Medication for Peptic Ulcers

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Recent Medication for Peptic Ulcers

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Document from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Therapy, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Peptic ulcer has become one of the leading gastrointestinal (GIT) disorders. This phenomenon is attributable to the causes of the ulcers, especially Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections which are difficult to treat . They are also caused by acid production from the gastric lining. Therefore, treatment with recent medication depends on the cause of peptic ulcers. Currently, there are different forms of medication used for treating peptic ulcers comprising of antibiotics, acid blockers, antacids, and cytoprotective agents. This article provides a comprehensive discussion on recent medication for peptic ulcers.

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3668624658

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9783668624658

Approaches for Preventing Childhood Obesity

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Approaches for Preventing Childhood Obesity

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Epidemiology, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Over the past few decades, the burden of non-communicable diseases seems to have been increasing year-by-year. Childhood obesity serves as an outstanding example of non-communicable conditions whose consequences seem to have reached catastrophic levels. Evidence indicates that obesity and overweight trends have been increasing at alarming rates, especially over the past three decades. This implies that the trends of obesity related health conditions are going to reflect upward changes in the future. According to Parsons, Power, Logan and Summerbell reaffirm that 70% of obese adults became obese during their childhood ages. In retrospect, this phenomenon is believed to be attributable to the greater social inequality in developed countries as compared to developing countries. Nevertheless, primary prevention strategies are required to reverse the diseases’ trends across the world. Epidemiological rationale for the emphasis on primary prevention of childhood obesity is based on the fact that the condition is difficult to reverse with secondary interventions. Therefore, this report is intended to inform the Federal Health Minister the scope of childhood obesity and the appropriate interventions which can address its impact.

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3668648859

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9783668648852

Chronic Inflammation as a Risk Factor for Colon Cancer?

By: Patrick Kimuyu

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Chronic Inflammation as a Risk Factor for Colon Cancer?

By: Patrick Kimuyu

Essay from the year 2016 in the subject Health - Public Health, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: Colon cancer seems to have become an enormous challenge to global public health systems although its prevalence is high in high income countries such as the U.S, Canada and Western Europe. In the U.S, colon cancer is ranked second among the leading cancer-related causes of mortality, and it is the third most common cancer in men and women. CDC reports that 131. 607 people in the U.S were diagnosed with colorectal cancer while 52,045 people died, including 24,972 women and 27,073 men in 2010. It has been found out that the prevalence of colon cancer is related chronic inflammation, which serves as one of the most significant risk factors. Therefore, this research paper will discuss the relationship between chronic inflammation and colon cancer. It will discuss how chronic inflammation causes colon cancer, primarily with regard to etiology, and it will also discuss genetics is related to chronic inflammation.

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3668575827

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9783668575820

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