Perspectives in Life Cycle Impact Assessment: A Structured Approach to Combine Models of the Technosphere, Ecosphere and Valuesphere describes the relationship between subjective and objective elements in Life Cycle Impact Assessment. It suggests a new framework which will allow people to master two of the major problems associated with LCA, the difficulty of separating subjective from objective elements and the tendency for impact assessment to record `phantoms' rather than actual damages. Perspectives in Life Cycle Impact Assessment: A Structured Approach to Combine Models of the Technosphere, Ecosphere and Valuesphere presents a proposal for a second generation framework and method for Life Cycle Impact Assessment. Many of the suggested elements are either based on other tools for environmental analysis, e.g. risk assessment, or fit in well with tools and concepts such as industrial ecology, technology assessment, or environmental impact assessment. The research presented in this book goes beyond the scope of presently used methods for Life Cycle Assessment and may stimulate new developments in a variety of areas. The book will appeal to persons from a wide range of scientific disciplines who are interested in learning more about Life Cycle Assessment. It will be especially valuable to members of SETAC and to students and researchers in the fields of environmental impact assessment, risk assessment and industrial ecology.
Perspectives in Life Cycle Impact Assessment: A Structured Approach to Combine Models of the Technosphere, Ecosphere and Valuesphere describes the relationship between subjective and objective elements in Life Cycle Impact Assessment. It suggests a new framework which will allow people to master two of the major problems associated with LCA, the difficulty of separating subjective from objective elements and the tendency for impact assessment to record `phantoms' rather than actual damages. Perspectives in Life Cycle Impact Assessment: A Structured Approach to Combine Models of the Technosphere, Ecosphere and Valuesphere presents a proposal for a second generation framework and method for Life Cycle Impact Assessment. Many of the suggested elements are either based on other tools for environmental analysis, e.g. risk assessment, or fit in well with tools and concepts such as industrial ecology, technology assessment, or environmental impact assessment. The research presented in this book goes beyond the scope of presently used methods for Life Cycle Assessment and may stimulate new developments in a variety of areas. The book will appeal to persons from a wide range of scientific disciplines who are interested in learning more about Life Cycle Assessment. It will be especially valuable to members of SETAC and to students and researchers in the fields of environmental impact assessment, risk assessment and industrial ecology.
In the continued quest for increased economic benefits from our water resources, numerous structures and operating policies for controlling the river flow have been built and implemented. These structures and associated operating policies can facilitate navigation; they can provide greater quantities of reliable water supplies to meet agricultural, industrial and municipal water demands; they can generate hydroelectric power and energy; and they can provide increased flood protection, recreation, and other benefits. Over the past half-century we have converted many of our rivers into engineered waterways. These straightened, often periodically dredged, engineered rivers are complete with dikes, reservoirs, weirs, and diversion canals. All this engineering has enhanced economic development. However, as rivers and their floodplains become stressed from the excessive use and misuse of their resources, their contribution to economic development can be threatened. Evidence of economic and ecological degradation, especially in relatively large river systems such as the Danube, the Mississippi, the Rhine, and the Volga, has increased our appreciation of beneficial roles natural aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems play in water quantity and quality management. We have recognized the need to pay more attention to letting nature help us regulate water quantity and quality rather than working against nature and its variabilities and uncertainties. Today there are efforts underway in many developed river basins to 'de engineer' or return these straightened and controlled rivers to a more natural state.
Water Chemistry provides students with the tools necessary to understand the processes that control the chemical species present in waters of both natural and engineered systems. After providing basic information about water itself and the chemical composition of water in environmental systems, the text covers the necessary theory (thermodynamics, activity, and kinetics) and background material to solve problems. It emphasizes that both equilibrium and kinetic processes are important in aquatic systems. The book does not merely focus on inorganic constituents, but also on the fate and reactions of organic chemicals. The solving of quantitative equilibrium and kinetic problems using mathematical, graphical, and computational tools is emphasized throughout presentations on acid-base chemistry, complexation of metal ions, solubility of minerals, and oxidation-reduction reactions. The use of these problem-solving tools is then extended in the presentation of topics relevant to natural systems, including dissolved oxygen, nutrient chemistry, geochemical controls on chemical composition, photochemistry, and natural organic matter. The kinetics and equilibria relevant to engineered systems (e.g., chlorination and disinfection chemistry, sorption and surface chemistry) and organic contaminant chemistry are also discussed. Numerous in-chapter examples that show the application of theory and demonstrate how problems are solved using algebraic, graphical, and computer-based techniques are included. Examples are relevant to both natural waters and engineered systems.
This book presents the overall vision and research outcomes of Nano-Tera.ch, which is a landmark Swiss federal program to advance engineering system and device technologies with applications to Health and the Environment, including smart Energy generation and consumption. The authors discuss this unprecedented nation-wide program, with a lifetime of almost 10 years and a public funding of more than 120 MCHF, which helped to position Switzerland at the forefront of the research on multi-scale engineering of complex systems and networks, and strongly impacted the Swiss landscape in Engineering Sciences.
Jamieson evokes the first 150 years of the Diocese of Victoria with a sensitivity for the symbolic, an eye for patterns and an ear for the rhythmic repetitions of history. In Victoria: Demers to De Roo he assesses the Diocese many see as a model of the spirit of the Second Vatican Council.
Water Chemistry provides students with the tools needed to understand the processes that control the chemical species present in waters of both natural and engineered systems. After providing basic information about water and its chemical composition in environmental systems, the text coverstheoretical concepts key to solving water chemistry problems.Water Chemistry emphasizes that both equilibrium and kinetic processes are important in aquatic systems. The content focuses not only on inorganic constituents but also on natural and anthropogenic organic chemicals in water. This new edition of Water Chemistry also features updated discussions ofphotochemistry, chlorine and disinfectants, geochemical controls on chemical composition, trace metals, nutrients, and oxygen.Quantitative equilibrium and kinetic problems related to acid-base chemistry, complexation, solubility, oxidation/reduction reactions, sorption, and the fate and reactions of organic chemicals are solved using mathematical, graphical, and computational tools. Examples show the application of theoryand demonstrate how to solve problems using algebraic, graphical, and up-to-date computer-based techniques. Additional web material provides advanced content.
This book unveils a gap in the governance of development projects that ultimately hinders effective, transparent and accountable usage of resources. Illustrated with entertaining examples, the book develops a Project Governance model. The models six modules build an integrated, strategically oriented and ethically reflected platform for a more truthful and efficient cooperation in difficult projects or programs such as in development.
Optimierungsgestütztes Entwerfen und Bemessen liefert neuartige Methoden, bewehrten Beton besonders effizient einzusetzen. Dabei wird die mathematische Optimierung auf die praktischen Probleme des Betonbaus angewendet. Ziel ist es, sparsam mit dem weltweit meistverwandten Baustoff Stahlbeton umzugehen und damit den CO2-Ausstoß aus der Zement- und Stahlherstellung und den Ressourcenverbrauch an Kies, Sand und Wasser substanziell zu reduzieren. Drei Themenbereiche sind angesprochen. Erstens, die Strukturfindung, also die Frage nach der richtigen äußeren Form, dass schlanke, nach dem Kraftfluss ausgerichtete Tragwerke entstehen. Baustoffgerecht sind sie weitgehend auf Druck beansprucht. Zweitens, die Bewehrungsführung, die sich am inneren Kraftfluss orientiert. Vorteile ergeben sich gerade für Scheiben, volumenartige Bauteile, an Lasteinleitungsbereichen und Aussparungen. Es entstehen anschauliche, direkt in Bewehrungen umsetzbare Fachwerkmodelle. Dritter Entwicklungsschritt ist die Behandlung von Querschnitten. Sie werden in ihrer Form optimiert und in ihrer Bewehrung bemessen. Dies gilt auch für anspruchsvolle Beanspruchungen (zweiachsige Biegung) und nahezu beliebige Formen. Eine Parametrisierung ermöglicht die allgemeingültige Übertragung auf ganze Klassen von Querschnitten. Die optimierungsgestützten Methoden werden vertieft und anschaulich beschrieben. Sie sind universell anwendbar und unabhängig von Normen, Betonarten und Bewehrungen. Sie gelten für normalfeste bis zu ultrahochfesten Betonen, für Bewehrungen aus Stahl, Carbon oder Glasfasern und für Bewehrungsstäbe als auch -fasern. Zahlreiche Abbildungen und Berechnungsbeispiele verdeutlichen die Anwendung. Zudem werden praktische Umsetzungen vorgestellt, darunter ultra-leichte Stahl-Beton-Balken, schlanke Solarkollektoren aus Beton und verbesserte Bewehrungslayouts für Tunnelschalen. Das Buch richtet sich gleichermaßen an Studierende, Forscher und Praktiker.
How does one investigate a child maltreatment case when the victim is blind, mute, deaf, mentally retarded, or confined to an institution? Special Children, Special Risks presents analysis, recommendations, and related research from social work, psychology, psychiatry, medicine, and education essential for establishing and maintaining safe environments for handicapped children. This book brings together a diverse group of experts to pool their knowledge and share their concerns about the risks of abuse faced by handicapped children. The contributors' perspectives come from the fields of medicine, social work, developmental psychology, psychiatry, clinical psychology, education, child welfare, law, public policy, and journalism.
A unique evocation of Britain at the height of Margaret Thatcher's rule, A Journey Through Ruins views the transformation of the country through the unexpected prism of every day life in East London. Written at a time when the looming but still unfinished tower of Canary Wharf was still wrapped in protective blue plastic, its cast of characters includes council tenants trapped in disintegrating tower blocks, depressed gentrifiers worrying about negative equity, metal detectorists, sharp-eyed estate agents and management consultants, and even Prince Charles. Cutting through the teeming surface of London, it investigates a number of wider themes: the rise and dramatic fall of council housing, the coming of privatization, the changing memory of the Second World War, once used to justify post-war urban development and reform but now seen as a sacrifice betrayed. Written half a century after the blitz, the book reviews the rise and fall of the London of the post-war settlement. It remains one of the very best accounts of what it was like to live through the Thatcher years.
Sellers examines strategic communication campaigns in the U.S. Congress, arguing that they create cycles of spin: leaders create messages, rank-and-file legislators decide whether to promote those messages, journalists decide whether to cover the messages, and any coverage feeds back to influence the policy process.
Rats have long been recognized as a valuable biomedical research model, notably in the investigation of aging, toxicology, addiction, and common human diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. In many instances, individuals conducting such research studies are charged with important responsibilities, including animal facility management, animal h
The last decade has seen major advances in our understanding of the basic scientific principles that underpin clinical neurology. Many of these advances have already had a major impact on routine clinical practice, and this is likely to continue in the future. Although this makes it an exciting time to practice neurology, it also presents new challenges. How can established general neurologists keep up-to-date with clinically relevant scientific advances, and how can the specialist remain competent outside his own field? What should trainee neurologists learn to prepare themselves for the future career?. Written by experts in the field, this timely book presents the scientific principles behind neurology. It aims to take the reader from the human genome, through gene expression, to molecular and cellular pathology, and subsequently to contemporary clinical investigations and clinical trials. Each contribution includes a discussion about the future of the field and highlights areas of potential growth and their relevance to routine clinical practice over the next decade. The succinctly written chapters will be easily accessible to both neurologists and trainees who have no expertise in the area. Many of the chapters are co-written by a clinician and a basic scientist, and each has been subject to peer review OCo both by experts in the field and a OC jobbingOCO general neurologist. This has ensured that the contributions reflect contemporary scientific thinking which is presented in a way that is easy to digest. The book includes generous use of diagrams to help explain difficult concepts, a glossary explaining the terminology, and provides information on links to web-based resources for further information. Sample Chapter(s). Chapter 1: Neurogenetics -- Single Gene Disorders (761 KB). Contents: Neurogenetics OCo Single Gene Disorders; Neurogenetics II: Complex Disorders; Functional Genomics and Proteomics: Application in Neurosciences; Mitochondria; Nanotechnology for Neuronal Ion Channels; Molecular and Cellular Pathways of Neurodegeneration in Motor Neurone Disease; Neurodegenerative Disorders: Parkinson''s Disease and Huntington''s Disease; Molecular Pathogenesis of Neuroinflammation; Neurovirology; Molecular Neurology of Prion Disease; Monitoring and Interpretation of Intracranial Pressure; Cerebral Perfusion and Stroke; A Review of Structural Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging; Applications of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in Neurology; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; How to Spot Bias and Other Potential Problems in Randomised Controlled Trials. Readership: Neurologists, trainees/interns in neurology and related disciplines, neurobiologists.
This highly acclaimed work has so far been available only in French. It is a detailed survey of a variety of techniques for time-frequency/time-scale analysis (the essence of "Wavelet Analysis"). This book has broad and comprehensive coverage of a topic of keen interest to a variety of engineers, especially those concerned with signal and image processing. Flandrin provides a discussion of numerous issues and problems that arise from a mixed description in time and frequency, as well as problems in interpretation inherent in signal theory. Detailed coverage of both linear and quadratic solutions Various techniques for both random and deterministic signals
The experience of American and Soviet participants in Vietnam and Afghanistan respectively is constructed directly from the narratives and the recollection of surviving veterans. In their very intensity and authenticity, these voices pose a challenge to conventional understandings of contemporary warfare. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Background stories, statistics, superlatives, photographs, survey results, successes and flops from the cinema world. New to this edition are features on the real locations of famous film scenes, the top-billing ratio of male and female stars, and scenes which seem faked but were real.
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