This second expanded edition of Media Ethics is aimed at sensitizing aspiring media students to issues faced by working professionals. It offers a theoretical rationale for acting in an ethical manner and provides practical guidelines as well.
The use of tax havens to not just avoid payment of taxes but also evade them has attracted considerable attention across the world and in India. Tax havens, also known as low-tax or no-tax jurisdictions, enable ultra-rich individuals and corporate entities, to not pay taxes, legally and illegally. There is a thin dividing line between tax avoidance (often described as ‘good’ tax planning) and tax evasion (deemed criminal in most countries). In fact, the dividing line is so thin as to be virtually non-existent. Tax havens have been used by the rich and the powerful to benefit themselves at the expense of the poor and the underprivileged. This had led to widening inequality between citizens and across countries. This book looks at the India-Mauritius Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement in a global context of growing illicit financial flows. This agreement is important because 40 per cent of total inflows of foreign money into India comes through Mauritius. Also in the book, you will read about scandals around IPL, known international companies which came under scanner for tax evasion, black money, havala and an international criminal industry employing bankers, lawyers and corrupt bureaucrats who run an economy parallel to world economy.
Prime minister of India Manmohan Singh has been accused of changing ministerial portfolios at the behest of the Reliance group. There have been claims that the group deliberately ‘squatted’ on reserves of natural gas and curtailed production in anticipation of higher prices that are administered by the government, to the detriment of the interests of the country’s people. Spokespersons of the group deny these alligations and contend that gas output from the Krishna-Godavari basin came down on account of unforeseen adverse geological surprises. Sections within the Indian government do not buy these arguments. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India has alleged, among other things, that the contract between the government and Reliance Industries Limited is deeply flawed, thereby encouraging excessive capital expenditure and lowering potential benefits to the exchequer. With painstaking research, a meticulous perusal of press reports, as well as a few surprising exclusives, Gas Wars highlights cases of crony capitalism that allowed the Reliance group to blatantly exploit loopholes which were consciously retained in the system to benefit it. The book points out how, even when laws and policies appeared fair, rational, and reasonable, the way in which these rules and procedures were framed and implemented by bureaucrats acting at the behest of their political masters exposed the deep nexus between business and politics in India. Even as Gas Wars tells the story of how a corporate conglomerate, in this case the country’s largest, has benefited from the way government policies are structured, it lays bare the alarming facts of a natural disaster waiting to happen due to the ruthless exploitation of the country’s natural resources in order to swell the fortunes of a few. The book also highlights the examples of those within the government establishment who have refused to be intimidated by the rich and the powerful, and who have against all odds valiantly attempted to uphold the interests of the people of India.
Books come with certain advantages for the journalist/researcher wanting to get the big story out to readers. First, there is a propensity among people to take a book more seriously than a news item or a series of reports in dailies, websites or periodicals. Besides, books by their very nature have a shelf life. Moreover, a book on a contentious subject can be far more damaging for its subjects than news reports, which are ephemeral by nature. Public memory is short too. In other words, when a journalist brings out a publication that is critical in nature of a corporate, the book is taken more seriously, and perceived to be a far bigger threat. A damning report in a newspaper or a magazine too would meet with the same kind of threat perception. Overlay this with the socio-political climate that has been prevailing in India since the Congress-led United Progressive Alliance government was re-elected in 2009. Plagued by a number of scams and hamstrung by unbridled inflation, the UPA’s last days were marked by political turbulence. The anti-graft agitation of the India Against Corruption movement led to the formation of the Aam Aadmi Party, but the political capital of the public discontent against corruption was reaped by the Bharatiya Janata Party which, with its partners, went on to form the government in New Delhi in May 2014. The crackdown on dissent that was practised by the UPA in fits and starts, was institutionalised by the NDA. Sue the Messenger is a collection of stories about stories—stories that run foul of corporate entities and conglomerates, which result in SLAPPs (strategic litigation against public participation). By their very nature, SLAPPs are meant to undermine democracy. This is the concern that journalists Subir Ghosh and Paranjoy Guha Thakurta through 'Sue the Messenger' wish to address.
Large numbers of Indians - over an estimated 300 million citizens with internet-enabled mobile phones at present - have been receiving unprecedented amounts of fake, false, half-true, hateful, inflammatory (or incendiary) information in the recent past and are going to receive more such information during the general elections, the results of which will be known on 23 May 2019. The so-called WhatsApp army of the right-wing ruling regime has been 'weaponised' to influence political outcomes. Facebook and its sister social media platform, WhatsApp, are not really neutral and agnostic as they claim they are. They have been complicit in promoting the interests of Narendra Modi and his supporters in the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh for some time now, well before Modi became Prime Minister of India in May 2014. Even as the world's largest social media organisation of its kind is increasingly being questioned in different countries, this book takes a critical look at the working of Facebook and WhatsApp in India.
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