Panel to Study the Design of Nonmarket Accounts's Books

Beyond the Market

Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel to Study the Design of Nonmarket Accounts

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Beyond the Market

Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel to Study the Design of Nonmarket Accounts

The national income and product accounts that underlie gross domestic product (GDP), together with other key economic dataâ€"price and employment statisticsâ€" are widely used as indicators of how well the nation is doing. GDP, however, is focused on the production of goods and services sold in markets and reveals relatively little about important production in the home and other areas outside of markets. A set of satellite accountsâ€"in areas such as health, education, volunteer and home production, and environmental improvement or pollutionâ€"would contribute to a better understanding of major issues related to economic growth and societal well-being. Beyond the Market: Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States hopes to encourage social scientists to make further efforts and contributions in the analysis of nonmarket activities and in corresponding data collection and accounting systems. The book illustrates new data sources and new ideas that have improved the prospects for progress.

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225

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309093198

ISBN 13

9780309093194

Improving Measurement of Productivity in Higher Education

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Testing and Assessment,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Measuring Higher Education Productivity: Conceptual Framework and Data Needs

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Improving Measurement of Productivity in Higher Education

Higher education is a linchpin of the American economy and society: teaching and research at colleges and universities contribute significantly to the nation's economic activity, both directly and through their impact on future growth; federal and state governments support teaching and research with billions of taxpayers' dollars; and individuals, communities, and the nation gain from the learning and innovation that occur in higher education. In the current environment of increasing tuition and shrinking public funds, a sense of urgency has emerged to better track the performance of colleges and universities in the hope that their costs can be contained without compromising quality or accessibility. Improving Measurement of Productivity in Higher Education presents an analytically well-defined concept of productivity in higher education and recommends empirically valid and operationally practical guidelines for measuring it. In addition to its obvious policy and research value, improved measures of productivity may generate insights that potentially lead to enhanced departmental, institutional, or system educational processes. Improving Measurement of Productivity in Higher Education constructs valid productivity measures to supplement the body of information used to guide resource allocation decisions at the system, state, and national levels and to assist policymakers who must assess investments in higher education against other compelling demands on scarce resources. By portraying the productive process in detail, this report will allow stakeholders to better understand the complexities of-and potential approaches to-measuring institution, system and national-level performance in higher education.

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197

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309257743

ISBN 13

9780309257749

The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on the Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration

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The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration

The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community.

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643

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309444489

ISBN 13

9780309444484

Accounting for Health and Health Care

Approaches to Measuring the Sources and Costs of Their Improvement

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel to Advance a Research Program on the Design of National Health Accounts

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Accounting for Health and Health Care

Approaches to Measuring the Sources and Costs of Their Improvement

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel to Advance a Research Program on the Design of National Health Accounts

It has become trite to observe that increases in health care costs have become unsustainable. How best for policy to address these increases, however, depends in part on the degree to which they represent increases in the real quantity of medical services as opposed to increased unit prices of existing services. And an even more fundamental question is the degree to which the increased spending actually has purchased improved health. Accounting for Health and Health Care addresses both these issues. The government agencies responsible for measuring unit prices for medical services have taken steps in recent years that have greatly improved the accuracy of those measures. Nonetheless, this book has several recommendations aimed at further improving the price indices.

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239

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309186846

ISBN 13

9780309186841

Measuring Racial Discrimination

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Methods for Assessing Discrimination

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Measuring Racial Discrimination

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Methods for Assessing Discrimination

Many racial and ethnic groups in the United States, including blacks, Hispanics, Asians, American Indians, and others, have historically faced severe discriminationâ€"pervasive and open denial of civil, social, political, educational, and economic opportunities. Today, large differences among racial and ethnic groups continue to exist in employment, income and wealth, housing, education, criminal justice, health, and other areas. While many factors may contribute to such differences, their size and extent suggest that various forms of discriminatory treatment persist in U.S. society and serve to undercut the achievement of equal opportunity. Measuring Racial Discrimination considers the definition of race and racial discrimination, reviews the existing techniques used to measure racial discrimination, and identifies new tools and areas for future research. The book conducts a thorough evaluation of current methodologies for a wide range of circumstances in which racial discrimination may occur, and makes recommendations on how to better assess the presence and effects of discrimination.

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334

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309133335

ISBN 13

9780309133333

Nature's Numbers

Expanding the National Economic Accounts to Include the Environment

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Panel on Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting

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Nature's Numbers

Expanding the National Economic Accounts to Include the Environment

In order to really see the forest, what's the best way to count the trees? Understanding how the economy interacts with the environment has important implications for policy, regulatory, and business decisions. How should our national economic accounts recognize the increasing interest in and importance of the environment? Nature's Numbers responds to concerns about how the United States should make these measurements. The book recommends how to incorporate environmental and other non-market measures into the nation's income and product accounts. The panel explores alternative approaches to environmental accounting, including those used in other countries, and addresses thorny issues such as how to measure the stocks of natural resources and how to value non-market activities and assets. Specific applications to subsoil minerals, forests, and clean air show how the general principles can be applied. The analysis and insights provided in this book will be of interest to economists, policymakers, environmental advocates, economics faculty, businesses based on natural resources, and managers concerned with the role of the environment in our economic affairs.

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263

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309071518

ISBN 13

9780309071512

Statistical Issues in Allocating Funds by Formula

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Formula Allocations

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Statistical Issues in Allocating Funds by Formula

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Formula Allocations

In 2000, the federal government distributed over $260 billion of funding to state and local governments via 180 formula programs. These programs promote a wide spectrum of economic and social objectives, such as improving educational outcomes and increasing accessibility to medical care, and many are designed to compensate for differences in fiscal capacity that affect governments' abilities to address identified needs. Large amounts of state revenues are also distributed through formula allocation programs to counties, cities, and other jurisdictions. Statistical Issues in Allocating Funds by Formula identifies key issues concerning the design and use of these formulas and advances recommendations for improving the process. In addition to the more narrow issues relating to formula design and input data, the book discusses broader issues created by the interaction of the political process and the use of formulas to allocate funds. Statistical Issues in Allocating Funds by Formula is only up-to-date guide for policymakers who design fund allocation programs. Congress members who are crafting legislation for these programs and federal employees who are in charge of distributing the funds will find this book indispensable.

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162

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309087104

ISBN 13

9780309087100

Beyond the Market

Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel to Study the Design of Nonmarket Accounts

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Beyond the Market

Designing Nonmarket Accounts for the United States

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel to Study the Design of Nonmarket Accounts

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224

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309165407

ISBN 13

9780309165402

Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability

Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

By: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II.

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Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability

Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

By: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II.

Some issues addressed in this Working Group III volume are mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, managing biological carbon reservoirs, geo-engineering, costing methods, and decision-making frameworks.

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1044

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Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0521015006

ISBN 13

9780521015004

Review of CCSP Draft Synthesis and Assessment Product 5.3

Decision-Support Experiments and Evaluations Using Seasonal to Interannual Forecasts and Observational Data

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Center for Economic, Governance, and International Studies,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change,Panel to Review CCSP Draft Synthesis and Assessment Product 5.3: Decision-Support Experiments and Evaluations Using Seasonal to Interannual Forecasts and Observational Data

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Review of CCSP Draft Synthesis and Assessment Product 5.3

Decision-Support Experiments and Evaluations Using Seasonal to Interannual Forecasts and Observational Data

This study offered an independent peer review for a synthetic document being produced for the CCSP. It found the draft document to be in a fairly early stage of development and noted several issues needing attention in the revision. The draft was inconsistent across sections with respect to whether or not it accepted two assumptions: that more skillful forecasts necessarily have greater value, and that the most useful form of information is a projected future value of an outcome parameter with an uncertainty distribution. Available scientific evidence gives reason to question these assumptions, and the draft did not discuss the evidence. Among other issues needing attention, the review called for the revised draft to do more to substantiate its claims of the potential benefits of knowledge-action networks and to give more careful consideration to the appropriate balance of roles between governmental and private efforts.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030911568X

ISBN 13

9780309115681

Civic Engagement and Social Cohesion

Measuring Dimensions of Social Capital to Inform Policy

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Measuring Social and Civic Engagement and Social Cohesion in Surveys

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Civic Engagement and Social Cohesion

Measuring Dimensions of Social Capital to Inform Policy

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Measuring Social and Civic Engagement and Social Cohesion in Surveys

People's bonds, associations and networks - as well as the civil, political, and institutional characteristics of the society in which they live - can be powerful drivers affecting the quality of life among a community's, a city's, or a nation's inhabitants and their ability to achieve both individual and societal goals. Civic engagement, social cohesion, and other dimensions of social capital affect social, economic and health outcomes for individuals and communities. Can these be measured, and can federal surveys contribute toward this end? Can this information be collected elsewhere, and if so, how should it be collected? Civic Engagement and Social Cohesion identifies measurement approaches that can lead to improved understanding of civic engagement, social cohesion, and social capital - and their potential role in explaining the functioning of society. With the needs of data users in mind, this report examines conceptual frameworks developed in the literature to determine promising measures and measurement methods for informing public policy discourse. The report identifies working definitions of key terms; advises on the feasibility and specifications of indicators relevant to analyses of social, economic, and health domains; and assesses the strength of the evidence regarding the relationship between these indicators and observed trends in crime, employment, and resilience to shocks such as natural disasters. Civic Engagement and Social Cohesion weighs the relative merits of surveys, administrative records, and non-government data sources, and considers the appropriate role of the federal statistical system. This report makes recommendations to improve the measurement of civic health through population surveys conducted by the government and identifies priority areas for research, development, and implementation.

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167

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309307287

ISBN 13

9780309307284

Climate Change 2014 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects: Volume 1, Global and Sectoral Aspects

Working Group II Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report

By: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

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Climate Change 2014 – Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects: Volume 1, Global and Sectoral Aspects

Working Group II Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report

By: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

This latest Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will again form the standard reference for all those concerned with climate change and its consequences, including students, researchers and policy makers in environmental science, meteorology, climatology, biology, ecology, atmospheric chemistry and environmental policy.

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1150

Publisher

Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1316240347

ISBN 13

9781316240342

Subjective Well-Being

Measuring Happiness, Suffering, and Other Dimensions of Experience

By: Panel on Measuring Subjective Well-Being in a Policy-Relevant Framework,Committee on National Statistics,Division on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council

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Subjective Well-Being

Measuring Happiness, Suffering, and Other Dimensions of Experience

By: Panel on Measuring Subjective Well-Being in a Policy-Relevant Framework,Committee on National Statistics,Division on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council

Subjective well-being refers to how people experience and evaluate their lives and specific domains and activities in their lives. This information has already proven valuable to researchers, who have produced insights about the emotional states and experiences of people belonging to different groups, engaged in different activities, at different points in the life course, and involved in different family and community structures. Research has also revealed relationships between people's self-reported, subjectively assessed states and their behavior and decisions. Research on subjective well-being has been ongoing for decades, providing new information about the human condition. During the past decade, interest in the topic among policy makers, national statistical offices, academic researchers, the media, and the public has increased markedly because of its potential for shedding light on the economic, social, and health conditions of populations and for informing policy decisions across these domains. Subjective Well-Being: Measuring Happiness, Suffering, and Other Dimensions of Experience explores the use of this measure in population surveys. This report reviews the current state of research and evaluates methods for the measurement. In this report, a range of potential experienced well-being data applications are cited, from cost-benefit studies of health care delivery to commuting and transportation planning, environmental valuation, and outdoor recreation resource monitoring, and even to assessment of end-of-life treatment options. Subjective Well-Being finds that, whether used to assess the consequence of people's situations and policies that might affect them or to explore determinants of outcomes, contextual and covariate data are needed alongside the subjective well-being measures. This report offers guidance about adopting subjective well-being measures in official government surveys to inform social and economic policies and considers whether research has advanced to a point which warrants the federal government collecting data that allow aspects of the population's subjective well-being to be tracked and associated with changing conditions.

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148

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309294479

ISBN 13

9780309294478

Analytical Methods and Approaches for Water Resources Project Planning

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee to Assess the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Methods of Analysis and Peer Review for Water Resources Project Planning,Panel on Methods and Techniques of Project Analysis

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Analytical Methods and Approaches for Water Resources Project Planning

Analytical Methods and Approaches for Water Resources Project Planningis part of a larger study that was conducted in response to a request from the U.S. Congress in the Water Resources Development Act of 2000 for the National Academy of Sciences to review the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer's peer review methods and analytical approaches. This report reviews the Corps' analytical procedures and planning methods, largely in the context of the federal Economic and Environmental Principles and Guidelines for Water and Related Land Resources Implementation Studies, also known as the Principles and Guidelines or "P and G" (P&G), as well as the Corps' Planning Guidance Notebook (PGN).

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165

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309166187

ISBN 13

9780309166188

Climate Change 2007 - Mitigation of Climate Change

Working Group III contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC

By: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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Climate Change 2007 - Mitigation of Climate Change

Working Group III contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC

By: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

The Climate Change 2007 volumes of the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provide the most comprehensive and balanced assessment of climate change available. This IPCC Working Group III volume provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art and worldwide overview of scientific knowledge related to the mitigation of climate change. It includes a detailed assessment of costs and potentials of mitigation technologies and practices, implementation barriers, and policy options for the sectors: energy supply, transport, buildings, industry, agriculture, forestry and waste management. It links sustainable development policies with climate change practices. This volume will again be the standard reference for all those concerned with climate change, including students and researchers, analysts and decision-makers in governments and the private sector.

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Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1139468642

ISBN 13

9781139468640

Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change

Working Group III Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report

By: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change

Working Group III Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report

By: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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1458

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Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1316395375

ISBN 13

9781316395370

Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis

Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

By: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

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Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis

Working Group I Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

By: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

The Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment of the physical science basis of climate change. It considers in situ and remote observations; paleoclimate information; understanding of climate drivers and physical, chemical, and biological processes and feedbacks; global and regional climate modelling; advances in methods of analyses; and insights from climate services. It assesses the current state of the climate; human influence on climate in all regions; future climate change including sea level rise; global warming effects including extremes; climate information for risk assessment and regional adaptation; limiting climate change by reaching net zero carbon dioxide emissions and reducing other greenhouse gas emissions; and benefits for air quality. The report serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with the latest policy-relevant information on climate change. Available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

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2410

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Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1009175351

ISBN 13

9781009175357

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