Panel on the Government Role in Civilian Technology's Books

The Government Role in Civilian Technology

Building a New Alliance

By: Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Panel on the Government Role in Civilian Technology

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The Government Role in Civilian Technology

Building a New Alliance

By: Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Panel on the Government Role in Civilian Technology

As U.S. industry faces worldwide challenges, policymakers are asking questions about the role of the federal government-not only in promoting basic research but also in ushering new innovations to the marketplace. This book offers an expert consensus on how government and industry together can respond to the new realities of a global marketplace. The volume offers firm conclusions about policy and organizational changes with the greatest potential to improve our technological competitiveness-and presents three alternative approaches for a new federal role. The volume examines: How federal involvement in technology development affects the nation's economic well-being. What we can learn from past federal efforts to stimulate civilian technology development-in the United States and among our major industrial competitors. How trends in productivity, R&D, and other key areas have affected U.S. performance, and how we compare to the world's rising industrial economies. Offering guidance on one of the 1990s most important issues, this volume will be indispensible to federal policymakers, executives in industry and technology, and researchers.

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237

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309046300

ISBN 13

9780309046305

The Government Role in Civilian Technology

Building a New Alliance

By: Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Panel on the Government Role in Civilian Technology

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The Government Role in Civilian Technology

Building a New Alliance

By: Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Panel on the Government Role in Civilian Technology

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237

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309046300

ISBN 13

9780309046305

Engineering in Society

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Committee on the Education and Utilization of the Engineer,Panel on Engineering Interactions With Society

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Engineering in Society

The National Research Council's Panel on Engineering Interactions with Society was formed to examine the functioning of the engineering profession in the context of, and in relation to, American society. This document presents the findings of the panel. The panel's inquiry was twofold. First, it examined the impact that engineering and technology development has had on the nation, including the impact on societal demands, values, and perceptions on engineering. Next, the panel attempted to assess the structure and development of the engineering profession, and the adaptability of the profession in meeting current and future national needs. Chapters in the document deal with: (1) the evolution of American engineering; (2) the present era (managing change in the information age); (3) engineering and social dynamics; (4) maintaining flexibility in an age of stress and rapid change; and (5) conclusions and recommendations. Appendices include 23 references and a 16-item bibliography, along with an article prepared by Arthur L. Donovan, entitled "Engineering in an Increasingly Complex Society: Historical Perspectives on Education, Practice, and Adaptation in American Engineering." (TW)

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145

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309035929

ISBN 13

9780309035927

Scientific Communication and National Security

By: National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Policy and Global Affairs,Institute of Medicine,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Panel on Scientific Communication and National Security

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Scientific Communication and National Security

The military, political, and economic preeminence of the United States during the post-World War II era is based to a substantial degree on its superior rate of achievement in science and technology, as well as on its capacity to translate these achievements into products and processes that contribute to economic prosperity and the national defense. The success of the U.S. scientific enterprise has been facilitated by many factors, important among them the opportunity for American scientists and engineers to pursue their research-and to communicate with each other-in a free and open environment. During the last two administrations, however, concern has arisen that the characteristically open U.S. scientific community has served as one of the channels through which critical information and know-how are flowing to the Soviet Union and to other potential adversary countries; openness in science is thus perceived to present short-term national security risks in addition to its longer-term national security benefits in improved U.S. military technology. The Panel on Scientific Communication and National Security was asked to examine the various aspects of the application of controls to scientific communication and to suggest how to balance competing national objectives so as to best serve the general welfare. The Panel held three two-day meetings in Washington at which it was briefed by representatives of the departments of Defense, State, and Commerce, and by representatives of the intelligence community, including the Central Intelligence Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the National Security Agency. The Panel also heard presentations by members of the research community and by university representatives. In addition to these briefings, the Rand Corporation prepared an independent analysis of the transfer of sensitive technology from the United States to the Soviet Union. To determine the views of scientists and administrators at major research universities, the Panel asked a group of faculty members and administrative officials at Cornell University to prepare a paper incorporating their own views and those of counterparts at other universities. The main thrust of the Panel's findings is completely reflected in this document. However, the Panel has also produced a classified version of the subpanel report based on the secret intelligence information it was given; this statement is available at the Academy to those with the appropriate security clearance.

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204

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309033322

ISBN 13

9780309033329

Technology for Small Spacecraft

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Panel on Small Spacecraft Technology

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Technology for Small Spacecraft

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Panel on Small Spacecraft Technology

This book reviews the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) small spacecraft technology development. Included are assessments of NASA's technology priorities for relevance to small spacecraft and identification of technology gaps and overlaps. The volume also examines the small spacecraft technology programs of other government agencies and assesses technology efforts in industry.

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154

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030908363X

ISBN 13

9780309083638

Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force

Volume 2: Technology

By: National Research Council,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Naval Studies Board,Committee on Technology for Future Naval Forces,Panel on Technology

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Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force

Volume 2: Technology

By: National Research Council,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Naval Studies Board,Committee on Technology for Future Naval Forces,Panel on Technology

The future national security environment will present the naval forces with operational challenges that can best be met through the development of military capabilities that effectively leverage rapidly advancing technologies in many areas. The panel envisions a world where the naval forces will perform missions in the future similar to those they have historically undertaken. These missions will continue to include sea control, deterrence, power projection, sea lift, and so on. The missions will be accomplished through the use of platforms (ships, submarines, aircraft, and spacecraft), weapons (guns, missiles, bombs, torpedoes, and information), manpower, materiel, tactics, and processes (acquisition, logistics,and so on.). Accordingly, the Panel on Technology attempted to identify those technologies that will be of greatest importance to the future operations of the naval forces and to project trends in their development out to the year 2035. The primary objective of the panel was to determine which are the most critical technologies for the Department of the Navy to pursue to ensure U.S. dominance in future naval operations and to determine the future trends in these technologies and their impact on Navy and Marine Corps superiority. A vision of future naval operations ensued from this effort. These technologies form the base from which products, platforms, weapons, and capabilities are built. By combining multiple technologies with their future attributes, new systems and subsystems can be envisioned. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035 Becoming a 21st-Century Force:Volume 2: Technology indentifies those technologies that are unique to the naval forces and whose development the Department of the Navy clearly must fund, as well as commercially dominated technologies that the panel believes the Navy and Marine Corps must learn to adapt as quickly as possible to naval applications. Since the development of many of the critical technologies is becoming global in nature, some consideration is given to foreign capabilities and trends as a way to assess potential adversaries' capabilities. Finally, the panel assessed the current state of the science and technology (S&T) establishment and processes within the Department of the Navy and makes recommendations that would improve the efficiency and effectiveness of this vital area. The panel's findings and recommendations are presented in this report.

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353

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309083982

ISBN 13

9780309083980

Finding Common Ground

U.S. Export Controls in a Changed Global Environment

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Finding Common Ground

U.S. Export Controls in a Changed Global Environment

Protecting U.S. security by controlling technology export has long been a major issue. But the threat of the Soviet sphere is rapidly being superseded by state-sponsored terrorism; nuclear, chemical, biological, and missile proliferation; and other critical security factors. This volume provides a policy outline and specific steps for an urgently needed revamping of U.S. and multilateral export controls. It presents the latest information on these and many other pressing issues: The successes and failures of U.S. export controls, including a look at U.S. laws, regulations, and export licensing; U.S. participation in international agencies; and the role of industry. The effects of export controls on industry. The growing threat of "proliferation" technologies. World events make this volume indispensable to policymakers, government security agencies, technology exporters, and faculty and students of international affairs.

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409

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309043921

ISBN 13

9780309043922

Balancing the National Interest

U.S. National Security Export Controls and Global Economic Competition

By: National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy,Panel on the Impact of National Security Controls on International Technology Transfer

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Balancing the National Interest

U.S. National Security Export Controls and Global Economic Competition

The U.S. national security export controls systemâ€"which was instituted to impede Soviet acquisition of high technology from the Westâ€"is both necessary and appropriate. Balancing the National Interest provides a thorough analysis of this controls system, examining the current system of laws, regulations, international agreements, and organizations that control the international transfer of technology through industrial channels. Foreign Affairs calls it "the best on the subject to have been published in the 40 years that the United States has exercised controls on exports that might add to Soviet power.

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336

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309037387

ISBN 13

9780309037389

Technology and Employment

Innovation and Growth in the U.S. Economy

By: Richard Michael Cyert,David C. Mowery,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (U.S.). Panel on Technology and Employment

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Technology and Employment

Innovation and Growth in the U.S. Economy

By: Richard Michael Cyert,David C. Mowery,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy (U.S.). Panel on Technology and Employment

This report addresses a number of issues that have surfaced in the debates over the impact of technological change on employment. These issues include the effects of technological change on levels of employment and unemployment within the economy; on the displacement of workers in specific industries or sectors of the economy; on skill requirements; on the welfare of women, minorities, and labor force entrants in a technologically transformed economy; and on the organization of the firm and the workplace. It concludes that technological change will contribute significantly to growth in employment opportunities and wages, although workers in specific occupations and industries may have to move among jobs and careers. Recommends initiatives and options to assist workers in making such transitions. ISBN 0-309-03744-1 (pbk.).

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248

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Washington, D.C. (2101 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington 20418) : National Academy Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309037824

ISBN 13

9780309037822

China and Global Change

Opportunities for Collaboration

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Office of International Affairs,Panel on Global Climate Change Sciences in China

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China and Global Change

Opportunities for Collaboration

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Office of International Affairs,Panel on Global Climate Change Sciences in China

Given China's current and potential impacts on the global environment and the contributions Chinese science can make to global change research, China's full participation in international research programs dealing with global change is very important. This book provides insights into how research priorities are determined and detailed information about institutional infrastructure, human resources, and other factors that will constrain or facilitate Chinese responses to and research on global change issues. An overview of research relevant to the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program and the World Climate Research Program is presented. Additionally, research in certain areas of atmospheric chemistry and physical and ecological interactions of the atmosphere and land surface are explored in further detail.

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241

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309048419

ISBN 13

9780309048415

Best Practices in Assessment of Research and Development Organizations

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Laboratory Assessments Board,Panel for Review of Best Practices in Assessment of Research and Development Organizations,Panel for Review of Best Practices in Assessment of Research

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Best Practices in Assessment of Research and Development Organizations

Research and development (R&D) organizations are operated by government, business, academe, and independent institutes. The success of their parent organizations is closely tied to the success of these R&D organizations. In this report, organizations refers to an organization that performs research and/or development activities (often a laboratory), and parent refers to the superordinate organization of which the R&D organization is a part. When the organization under discussion is formally labeled a laboratory, it is referred to as such. The question arises: How does one know whether an organization and its programs are achieving excellence in the best interests of its parent? Does the organization have an appropriate research staff, facilities, and equipment? Is it doing the right things at high levels of quality, relevance, and timeliness? Does it lead to successful new concepts, products, or processes that support the interests of its parent? This report offers assessment guidelines for senior management of organizations and of their parents. The report lists the major principles of assessment, noting that details will vary from one organization to another. It provides sufficient information to inform the design of assessments, but it does not prescribe precisely how to perform them, because different techniques are needed for different types of organizations. Best Practices in Assessment of Research and Development Organizations covers three key factors that underpin the success of an R&D organization: (1) the mission of the organization and its alignment with that of the parents; (2) the relevance and impact of the organization's work; and (3) the resources provided to the organization, beginning with a high-quality staff and management.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309266262

ISBN 13

9780309266260

Deterrence, Protection, and Preparation

The New Transportation Security Imperative

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism. Panel on Transportation,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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Deterrence, Protection, and Preparation

The New Transportation Security Imperative

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism. Panel on Transportation,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

Examines the role of science and technology in countering terrorism. This work presents advice on a strategic approach to transportation security that recognizes the need to move people and goods efficiently and the need to improve security against terrorism.

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309077109

ISBN 13

9780309077101

Book's by Panel on the Government Role in Civilian Technology

The Government Role in Civilian Technology

The Government Role in Civilian Technology

The Government Role in Civilian Technology

The Government Role in Civilian Technology

Engineering in Society

Engineering in Society

Scientific Communication and National Security

Scientific Communication and National Security

Technology for Small Spacecraft

Technology for Small Spacecraft

Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force

Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force

Finding Common Ground

Finding Common Ground

Balancing the National Interest

Balancing the National Interest

Technology and Employment

Technology and Employment

China and Global Change

China and Global Change

Best Practices in Assessment of Research and Development Organizations

Best Practices in Assessment of Research and Development Organizations

Deterrence, Protection, and Preparation

Deterrence, Protection, and Preparation

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