Panel on Human Factors Research Issues for an Aging Population's Books

Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Committee on Human Factors,Panel on Human Factors Research Issues for an Aging Population

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Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population

This book describes the demographic, sociological, and ecological background of the aging society, identifies human factors problems associated with aging, summarizes currently relevant information, and recommends directions for research. It suggests a program of research and technology development for the purpose of ameliorating the effects of functional changes that accompany the aging process and provides a basis for additional research and application of human factors engineering data to the design of environments in which aging people must function.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309041783

ISBN 13

9780309041782

Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population

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Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309041783

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9780309041782

The Future of Air Traffic Control

Human Operators and Automation

By: Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council

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The Future of Air Traffic Control

Human Operators and Automation

By: Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council

Automation in air traffic control may increase efficiency, but it also raises questions about adequate human control over automated systems. Following on the panel's first volume on air traffic control automation, Flight to the Future (NRC, 1997), this book focuses on the interaction of pilots and air traffic controllers, with a growing network of automated functions in the airspace system. The panel offers recommendations for development of human-centered automation, addressing key areas such as providing levels of automation that are appropriate to levels of risk, examining procedures for recovery from emergencies, free flight versus ground-based authority, and more. The book explores ways in which technology can build on human strengths and compensate for human vulnerabilities, minimizing both mistrust of automation and complacency about its abilities. The panel presents an overview of emerging technologies and trends toward automation within the national airspace system--in areas such as global positioning and other aspects of surveillance, flight information provided to pilots an controllers, collision avoidance, strategic long-term planning, and systems for training and maintenance. The book examines how to achieve better integration of research and development, including the importance of user involvement in air traffic control. It also discusses how to harmonize the wide range of functions in the national airspace system, with a detailed review of the free flight initiative.

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343

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309517567

ISBN 13

9780309517560

Flight to the Future

Human Factors in Air Traffic Control

By: Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council

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Flight to the Future

Human Factors in Air Traffic Control

By: Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council

Despite the strong safety record of the national airspace system, serious disruptions occasionally occur, often as a result of outdated or failed equipment. Under these circumstances, safety relies on the skills of the controllers and pilots and on reducing the number of aircraft in the air. The current and growing pressures to increase the capacity to handle a greater number of flights has led to a call for faster and more powerful equipment and for equipment that can take over some of the tasks now being performed by humans. Increasing the role of automation in air traffic control may provide a more efficient system, but will human controllers be able to effectively take over when problems occur? This comprehensive volume provides a baseline of knowledge about the capabilities and limitations of humans relative to the variety of functions performed in air traffic control. It focuses on balancing safety with the expeditious flow of air traffic, identifying lessons from past air accidents. The book discusses The function of the national airspace system and the procedures for hiring, training, and evaluating controllers. Decisionmaking, memory, alertness, vigilance, sleep patterns during shift work, communication, and other factors in controllers' performance. Research on automation and human factors in air traffic control and incorporation of findings into the system. The Federal Aviation Administration's management of the air traffic control system and its dual mandate to promote safety and the development of air commerce. This book also offers recommendations for evaluation the human role in automated air traffic control systems and for managing the introduction of automation into current facilities and operations. It will be of interest to anyone concerned about air safety--policymakers, regulators, air traffic managers and controllers, airline officials, and passenger advocates.

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383

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030952525X

ISBN 13

9780309525251

Perspectives on the Future of the Sociology of Aging

By: Panel on New Directions in Social Demography, Social Epidemiology, and the Sociology of Aging,Committee on Population,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council

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Perspectives on the Future of the Sociology of Aging

The population of the United States is growing inexorably older. With birth rates historically low and life expectancy continuing to rise, the age distribution of the population in the United States is growing steadily older. This demographic shift is occurring at a time of major economic and social changes, which have important implications for the growing elderly population. Other changes, such as the move away from defined-benefit toward defined-contribution retirement plans, changes in some corporate and municipal pension plans as a result of market pressures, and the 2008 financial crisis precipitated by the crash of the housing market, all have economic implications for older people. They are also likely to make it more difficult for certain groups of future retirees to find their retirements at the level that they had planned and would like. To deal effectively with the challenges created by population aging, it is vital to first understand these demographic, economic, and social changes and, to the extent possible, their causes, consequences, and implications. Sociology offers a knowledge base, a number of useful analytic approaches and tools, and unique theoretical perspectives that can be important aids to this task. The Panel on New Directions in Social Demography, Social Epidemiology, and the Sociology of Aging was established in August 2010 under the auspices of the Committee on Population of the National Research Council to prepare a report that evaluates the recent contributions of social demography, social epidemiology, and sociology to the study of aging and seeks to identify promising new research in these fields. Perspectives on the Future of the Sociology of Aging provides candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making the final published volume as sound as possible and to ensure that the volume meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge.

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200

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309262453

ISBN 13

9780309262453

New Directions in the Sociology of Aging

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on New Directions in Social Demography, Social Epidemiology, and the Sociology of Aging

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New Directions in the Sociology of Aging

The aging of the population of the United States is occurring at a time of major economic and social changes. These economic changes include consideration of increases in the age of eligibility for Social Security and Medicare and possible changes in benefit levels. Furthermore, changes in the social context in which older individuals and families function may well affect the nature of key social relationships and institutions that define the environment for older persons. Sociology offers a knowledge base, a number of useful analytic approaches and tools, and unique theoretical perspectives that can facilitate understanding of these demographic, economic, and social changes and, to the extent possible, their causes, consequences and implications. New Directions in the Sociology of Aging evaluates the recent contributions of social demography, social epidemiology and sociology to the study of aging and identifies promising new research directions in these sub-fields. Included in this study are nine papers prepared by experts in sociology, demography, social genomics, public health, and other fields, that highlight the broad array of tools and perspectives that can provide the basis for further advancing the understanding of aging processes in ways that can inform policy. This report discusses the role of sociology in what is a wide-ranging and diverse field of study; a proposed three-dimensional conceptual model for studying social processes in aging over the life cycle; a review of existing databases, data needs and opportunities, primarily in the area of measurement of interhousehold and intergenerational transmission of resources, biomarkers and biosocial interactions; and a summary of roadblocks and bridges to transdisciplinary research that will affect the future directions of the field of sociology of aging.

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310

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309293006

ISBN 13

9780309293006

The Aging Population in the Twenty-First Century

Statistics for Health Policy

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Statistics for an Aging Population

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The Aging Population in the Twenty-First Century

Statistics for Health Policy

It is not news that each of us grows old. What is relatively new, however, is that the average age of the American population is increasing. More and better information is required to assess, plan for, and meet the needs of a graying population. The Aging Population in the Twenty-First Century examines social, economic, and demographic changes among the aged, as well as many health-related topics: health promotion and disease prevention; quality of life; health care system financing and use; and the quality of careâ€"especially long-term care. Recommendations for increasing and improving the data availableâ€"as well as for ensuring timely access to themâ€"are also included.

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340

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309038812

ISBN 13

9780309038812

International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages

Dimensions and Sources

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Divergent Trends in Longevity in High-Income Countries

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International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages

Dimensions and Sources

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Divergent Trends in Longevity in High-Income Countries

In 1950 men and women in the United States had a combined life expectancy of 68.9 years, the 12th highest life expectancy at birth in the world. Today, life expectancy is up to 79.2 years, yet the country is now 28th on the list, behind the United Kingdom, Korea, Canada, and France, among others. The United States does have higher rates of infant mortality and violent deaths than in other developed countries, but these factors do not fully account for the country's relatively poor ranking in life expectancy. International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages: Dimensions and Sources examines patterns in international differences in life expectancy above age 50 and assesses the evidence and arguments that have been advanced to explain the poor position of the United States relative to other countries. The papers in this deeply researched volume identify gaps in measurement, data, theory, and research design and pinpoint areas for future high-priority research in this area. In addition to examining the differences in mortality around the world, the papers in International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages look at health factors and life-style choices commonly believed to contribute to the observed international differences in life expectancy. They also identify strategic opportunities for health-related interventions. This book offers a wide variety of disciplinary and scholarly perspectives to the study of mortality, and it offers in-depth analyses that can serve health professionals, policy makers, statisticians, and researchers.

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428

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309157331

ISBN 13

9780309157339

Elder Mistreatment

Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation in an Aging America

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Law and Justice,Committee on National Statistics,Panel to Review Risk and Prevalence of Elder Abuse and Neglect

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Elder Mistreatment

Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation in an Aging America

Since the late 1970s when Congressman Claude Pepper held widely publicized hearings on the mistreatment of the elderly, policy makers and practitioners have sought ways to protect older Americans from physical, psychological, and financial abuse. Yet, during the last 20 years fewer than 50 articles have addressed the shameful problem that abusersâ€"and sometimes the abused themselvesâ€"want to conceal. Elder Mistreatment in an Aging America takes a giant step toward broadening our understanding of the mistreatment of the elderly and recommends specific research and funding strategies that can be used to deepen it. The book includes a discussion of the conceptual, methodological, and logistical issues needed to create a solid research base as well as the ethical concerns that must be considered when working with older subjects. It also looks at problems in determination of a report's reliability and the role of physicians, EMTs, and others who are among the first to recognize situations of mistreatment. Elder Mistreatment in an Aging America will be of interest to anyone concerned about the elderly and ways to intervene when abuse is suspected, including family members, caregivers, and advocates for the elderly. It will also be of interest to researchers, research sponsors, and policy makers who need to know how to advance our knowledge of this problem.

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569

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309084342

ISBN 13

9780309084345

Aging in Sub-Saharan Africa

Recommendations for Furthering Research

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Policy Research and Data Needs to Meet the Challenge of Aging in Africa

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Aging in Sub-Saharan Africa

Recommendations for Furthering Research

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Policy Research and Data Needs to Meet the Challenge of Aging in Africa

In sub-Saharan Africa, older people make up a relatively small fraction of the total population and are supported primarily by family and other kinship networks. They have traditionally been viewed as repositories of information and wisdom, and are critical pillars of the community but as the HIV/AIDS pandemic destroys family systems, the elderly increasingly have to deal with the loss of their own support while absorbing the additional responsibilities of caring for their orphaned grandchildren. Aging in Sub-Saharan Africa explores ways to promote U.S. research interests and to augment the sub-Saharan governments' capacity to address the many challenges posed by population aging. Five major themes are explored in the book such as the need for a basic definition of "older person," the need for national governments to invest more in basic research and the coordination of data collection across countries, and the need for improved dialogue between local researchers and policy makers. This book makes three major recommendations: 1) the development of a research agenda 2) enhancing research opportunity and implementation and 3) the translation of research findings.

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368

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309180090

ISBN 13

9780309180092

Video Displays, Work, and Vision

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Vision,Panel on Impact of Video Viewing on Vision of Workers

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Video Displays, Work, and Vision

Along with the widespread use of computers have come growing fears that working in front of video display terminals (VDTs) can irritate and even damage the eyes. Separating scientific fact from popular opinion, this report takes a critical look at the link between VDT use and eye discomfort and disease as well as at changes in visual performance and oculomotor function. Drawing on information from ergonomics, illuminating engineering, and industrial and organizational psychology, the report gives practical advice on optimal workstation design to improve the comfort, performance, and job satisfaction of VDT users.

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288

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309033888

ISBN 13

9780309033886

Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life

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Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life

In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good-or equally poor-health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life.

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753

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309092116

ISBN 13

9780309092111

Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force

Volume 4: Human Resources

By: National Research Council,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Naval Studies Board,Committee on Technology for Future Naval Forces,Panel on Human Resources

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Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force

Volume 4: Human Resources

By: National Research Council,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Naval Studies Board,Committee on Technology for Future Naval Forces,Panel on Human Resources

The future national security environment will present the naval forces with operational challenges that can best be met through the development of military capabilities that effectively leverage rapidly advancing technologies in many areas. The panel envisions a world where the naval forces will perform missions in the future similar to those they have historically undertaken. These missions will continue to include sea control, deterrence, power projection, sea lift, and so on. The missions will be accomplished through the use of platforms (ships, submarines, aircraft, and spacecraft), weapons (guns, missiles, bombs, torpedoes, and information), manpower, materiel, tactics, and processes (acquisition, logistics, and so on.). Accordingly, the Panel on Technology attempted to identify those technologies that will be of greatest importance to the future operations of the naval forces and to project trends in their development out to the year 2035. The primary objective of the panel was to determine which are the most critical technologies for the Department of the Navy to pursue to ensure U.S. dominance in future naval operations and to determine the future trends in these technologies and their impact on Navy and Marine Corps superiority. A vision of future naval operations ensued from this effort. These technologies form the base from which products, platforms, weapons, and capabilities are built. By combining multiple technologies with their future attributes, new systems and subsystems can be envisioned. Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035 Becoming a 21st-Century Force: Volume 2: Technology indentifies those technologies that are unique to the naval forces and whose development the Department of the Navy clearly must fund, as well as commercially dominated technologies that the panel believes the Navy and Marine Corps must learn to adapt as quickly as possible to naval applications. Since the development of many of the critical technologies is becoming global in nature, some consideration is given to foreign capabilities and trends as a way to assess potential adversaries' capabilities. Finally, the panel assessed the current state of the science and technology (S&T) establishment and processes within the Department of the Navy and makes recommendations that would improve the efficiency and effectiveness of this vital area. The panel's findings and recommendations are presented in this report.

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116

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309058996

ISBN 13

9780309058995

Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation

Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

By: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation

Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

By: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Extreme weather and climate events, interacting with exposed and vulnerable human and natural systems, can lead to disasters. This Special Report explores the social as well as physical dimensions of weather- and climate-related disasters, considering opportunities for managing risks at local to international scales. SREX was approved and accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on 18 November 2011 in Kampala, Uganda.

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Page Count

593

Publisher

Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1107025060

ISBN 13

9781107025066

Book's by Panel on Human Factors Research Issues for an Aging Population

Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population

Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population

Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population

Human Factors Research Needs for an Aging Population

The Future of Air Traffic Control

The Future of Air Traffic Control

Flight to the Future

Flight to the Future

Perspectives on the Future of the Sociology of Aging

Perspectives on the Future of the Sociology of Aging

New Directions in the Sociology of Aging

New Directions in the Sociology of Aging

The Aging Population in the Twenty-First Century

The Aging Population in the Twenty-First Century

International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages

International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages

Elder Mistreatment

Elder Mistreatment

Aging in Sub-Saharan Africa

Aging in Sub-Saharan Africa

Video Displays, Work, and Vision

Video Displays, Work, and Vision

Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life

Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life

Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force

Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st-Century Force

Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation

Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation

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