Panel on Estimating Children Eligible for School Nutrition Programs Using the American Community Survey's Books

Using American Community Survey Data to Expand Access to the School Meals Programs

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Estimating Children Eligible for School Nutrition Programs Using the American Community Survey

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Using American Community Survey Data to Expand Access to the School Meals Programs

The National School Lunch and School Breakfast Programs, administered by the Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), are key components of the nation's food security safety net, providing free or low-cost meals to millions of schoolchildren each day. To qualify their children each year for free or reduced-price meals, many families must submit applications that school officials distribute and review. To reduce this burden on families and schools and to encourage more children to partake of nutritious meals, USDA regulations allow school districts to operate their meals programs under special provisions that eliminate the application process and other administrative procedures in exchange for providing free meals to all students enrolled in one or more school in a district. FNS asked the National Academies' Committee on National Statistics and Food and Nutrition Board to convene a panel of experts to investigate the technical and operational feasibility of using data from the continuous American Community Survey (ACS) to estimate students eligible for free and reduced-price meals for schools and school districts. The ACS eligibility estimates would be used to develop "claiming percentages" that, if sufficiently accurate, would determine the USDA reimbursements to districts for schools that provided free meals to all students under a new special provision that eliminated the ongoing base-year requirements of current provisions. Using American Community Survey Data to Expand Access to the School Meals Program was conducted in two phases. It first issued an interim report (National Research Council, 2010), describing its planned approach for assessing the utility of ACS-based estimates for a special provision to expand access to free school meals. This report is the final phase which presents the panel's findings and recommendations.

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383

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309257204

ISBN 13

9780309257206

Developing and Evaluating Methods for Using American Community Survey Data to Support the School Meals Programs

Interim Report

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Developing and Evaluating Methods for Using American Community Survey Data to Support the School Meals Programs

Interim Report

The National School Lunch Program and the School Breakfast Program, administered by the Food and Nutrition Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), are key components of the nation's food security safety net, providing free or low-cost meals to millions of school-age children each day. Under the most commonly adopted provisions, USDA reimburses districts for meals served on the basis of data collected in a "base year," during which applications are taken. After 3 or 4 years, applications must be taken again to establish new base-year data, unless the district provides evidence that local conditions have not changed. A special provision that does not require applications to be taken every few years would reduce burden, be more attractive to school districts, and potentially increase student participation by expanding access to free meals. To support the development of such a provision, the Food and Nutrition Service asked the National Academies to study the technical and operational issues that arise in using data from the American Community Survey (ACS)-a new continuous survey replacing the long-form survey of the decennial census-to obtain estimates of students who are eligible for free and reduced-price meals for schools and school districts. Such estimates would be used to develop "claiming percentages" that, if sufficiently accurate, would determine federal reimbursements to districts for the schools that provide free meals to all students under a new special provision that eliminates the base-year requirements of current provisions.

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140

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309154529

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9780309154529

Using American Community Survey Data to Expand Access to the School Meals Programs

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Using American Community Survey Data to Expand Access to the School Meals Programs

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0309257239

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9780309257237

Developing and Evaluating Methods for Using American Community Survey Data to Support the School Meals Programs

Interim Report

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Developing and Evaluating Methods for Using American Community Survey Data to Support the School Meals Programs

Interim Report

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0309154529

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9780309154529

Developing and Evaluating Methods for Using American Community Survey Data to Support the School Meals Programs

Interim Report

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Developing and Evaluating Methods for Using American Community Survey Data to Support the School Meals Programs

Interim Report

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309161568

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9780309161565

Small-Area Income and Poverty Estimates

Priorities for 2000 and Beyond

By: National Research Council,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Estimates of Poverty for Small Geographic Areas

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Small-Area Income and Poverty Estimates

Priorities for 2000 and Beyond

By: National Research Council,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Estimates of Poverty for Small Geographic Areas

Recent trends in federal policies for social and economic programs have increased the demand for timely, accurate estimates of income and poverty for states, counties, and even smaller areas. Every year more than $130 billion in federal funds is allocated to states and localities through formulas that use such estimates. These funds support a wide range of programs that include child care, community development, education, job training, nutrition, and public health. A new program of the U.S. Census Bureau is now providing more timely estimates for these programs than those from the decennial census, which have been used for many years. These new estimates are being used to allocate more than $7 billion annually to school districts, through the Title I program that supports educationally disadvantaged children. But are these estimates as accurate as possible given the available data? How can the statistical models and data that are used to develop the estimates be improved? What should policy makers consider in selecting particular estimates? This new book from the National Research Council provides guidance for improving the Census Bureau's program and for policy makers who use such estimates for allocating funds.

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221

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309071461

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9780309071468

Choosing the Right Formula

Initial Report

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Formula Allocations

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Choosing the Right Formula

Initial Report

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Formula Allocations

The workshop was a direct outgrowth of a previous study by the CNSTAT Panel on Estimates of Poverty for Small Geographic Areas. That panel, established under a 1994 act of Congress, began its work with a very specific mission: to evaluate the suitability of the U.S. Census Bureau's small-area estimates of poor school-age children for use in the allocation of funds to counties and school districts under Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. In carrying out their assignment, panel members came to realize that the properties of data sources and statistical procedures used to produce formula estimates, interacting with formula features such as thresholds and hold-harmless provisions, can produce consequences that may not have been anticipated or intended. It also became evident that there is a trade-off between the goals of providing a reasonable amount of stability in funding from one year to the next and redirecting funds to different jurisdictions as true needs change. In one instance, for example, the annual appropriation included a 100 percent hold-harmless provision, ensuring that no recipient would receive less than the year before. However, there was no increase in the total appropriation, with the result that new estimates showing changes in the distribution of program needs across areas had no effect on the allocations. Choosing the Right Formula provides an account of the presentations and discussions at the workshop. The first three chapters cover the overview, case studies, and methodological sessions, respectively. Chapter 4 summarizes the issues discussed in the roundtable and concluding sessions, with emphasis on the identification of questions that might be addressed in a panel study.

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101

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309170540

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9780309170543

Improving Data to Analyze Food and Nutrition Policies

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Enhancing the Data Infrastructure in Support of Food and Nutrition Programs, Research, and Decision Making

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Improving Data to Analyze Food and Nutrition Policies

Several changes in the United States over the past two decades have implications for diet, nutrition, and food safety, including patterns of food consumption that have produced an increase in overweight and obese Americans and threats to food safety from pathogens and bioterrorism. The changes raise a number of critical policy and research questions: How do differences in food prices and availability or in households' time resources for shopping and food preparation affect what people consume and where they eat? How do factors outside of the household, such as the availability of stores and restaurants, food preparation technology, and food marketing and labeling policies, affect what people are consuming? What effects have food assistance programs had on the nutritional quality of diets and the health of those served by the programs? Where do people buy and consume food and how does food preparation affect food safety? To address these and related questions, the Economic Research Service (ERS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) asked the Committee on National Statistics to convene a panel of experts to provide advice for improving the data infrastructure on food consumption and nutrition. The panel was charged to review data needs to support research and decision making for food and nutrition policies and programs in USDA and to assess the adequacy of the current data infrastructure and recommend enhancements to improve it. The primary basis for the panel's deliberations, given limited resources, was a workshop on Enhancing the Data Infrastructure in Support of Food and Nutrition Programs, Research, and Decision Making, which the panel convened on May 27-28, 2004. This report is based on the discussions at the workshop and the deliberations of the panel. The report outlines key data that are needed to better address questions related to food consumption, diet, and health; discusses the available data and some limitations of those data; and offers recommendations for improvements in those data. The panel was charged to consider USDA data needs for policy making and the focus of the report is on those needs.

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146

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309181445

ISBN 13

9780309181440

A Consumer Food Data System for 2030 and Beyond

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Improving Consumer Data for Food and Nutrition Policy Research for the Economic Research Service

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A Consumer Food Data System for 2030 and Beyond

Patterns of food consumption and nutritional intake strongly affect the population's health and well-being. The Food Economics Division of USDA's Economic Research Service (ERS) engages in research and data collection to inform policy making related to the leading federal nutrition assistance programs managed by USDA's Food and Nutrition Service. The ERS uses the Consumer Food Data System to understand why people choose foods, how food assistance programs affect these choices, and the health impacts of those choices. At the request of ERS, A Consumer Food Data System for 2030 and Beyond provides a blueprint for ERS's Food Economics Division for its data strategy over the next decade. This report explores the quality of data collected, the data collection process, and the kinds of data that may be most valuable to researchers, policy makers, and program administrators going forward. The recommendations of A Consumer Food Data System for 2030 and Beyond will guide ERS to provide and sustain a multisource, interconnected, reliable data system.

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231

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309670748

ISBN 13

9780309670746

Small-Area Estimates of School-Age Children in Poverty

Interim Report 3

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics

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Small-Area Estimates of School-Age Children in Poverty

Interim Report 3

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics

The U.S. Department of Education uses estimates of school-age children in poverty to allocate federal funds under Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act for education programs to aid disadvantaged children. Historically, the allocations have been made by a two-stage process: the department's role has been to allocate Title I funds to counties; the states have then distributed these funds to school districts. Until recently, the department has based the county allocations on the numbers and proportions of poor school-age children in each county from the most recent decennial census. States have used several different data sources, such as the decennial census and the National School Lunch Program, to distribute the department's county allocations to districts. In 1994 Congress authorized the Bureau of the Census to provide updated estimates of poor school-age children every 2 years, to begin in 1996 with estimates for counties and in 1998 with estimates for school districts. The Department of Education is to use the school district estimates to allocate Title I basic and concentration grants directly to districts for the 1999-2000 and later school years, unless the Secretaries of Education and Commerce determine that they are "inappropriate or unreliable" on the basis of a study by the National Research Council. That study is being carried out by the Committee on National Statistics' Panel on Estimates of Poverty for Small Geographic Areas.

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134

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309063957

ISBN 13

9780309063951

Book's by Panel on Estimating Children Eligible for School Nutrition Programs Using the American Community Survey

Using American Community Survey Data to Expand Access to the School Meals Programs

Using American Community Survey Data to Expand Access to the School Meals Programs

Developing and Evaluating Methods for Using American Community Survey Data to Support the School Meals Programs

Developing and Evaluating Methods for Using American Community Survey Data to Support the School Meals Programs

Using American Community Survey Data to Expand Access to the School Meals Programs

Using American Community Survey Data to Expand Access to the School Meals Programs

Developing and Evaluating Methods for Using American Community Survey Data to Support the School Meals Programs

Developing and Evaluating Methods for Using American Community Survey Data to Support the School Meals Programs

Developing and Evaluating Methods for Using American Community Survey Data to Support the School Meals Programs

Developing and Evaluating Methods for Using American Community Survey Data to Support the School Meals Programs

Small-Area Income and Poverty Estimates

Small-Area Income and Poverty Estimates

Choosing the Right Formula

Choosing the Right Formula

Improving Data to Analyze Food and Nutrition Policies

Improving Data to Analyze Food and Nutrition Policies

A Consumer Food Data System for 2030 and Beyond

A Consumer Food Data System for 2030 and Beyond

Small-Area Estimates of School-Age Children in Poverty

Small-Area Estimates of School-Age Children in Poverty

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