The current state of engineering graduate study in the United States, its future, and its relationship to research are examined in this report of the National Research Council Committee on the Education and Utilization of the Engineer. The study focuses principally on increasing the supply of highly qualified doctoral recipients who are United States citizens particularly with respect to academic employment. It also gives attention to the importance of master's level work and to the need for access to part-time programs for engineers who are employed full time. Report sections include: (1) an executive summary; (2) the background (reviewing previous reports and studies in engineering education); (3) supply and demand (providing data on the supply of Ph.D.s and recommendations for increasing the supply); (4) women and minorities in engineering (examining representation patterns); (5) master's degree (presenting findings and recommendations); (6) doctor's degree (with findings and recommendations); (7) nontraditional graduate programs (analyzing existing approaches); (8) engineering faculty (addressing needs for faculty development); and (9) university-industry interactions (discussing conflicting and complementary interests). A list of 66 reference notes is included. (ML)
This report of the Panel of Continuing Education was prepared as part of the study on engineering education and practice in the United States that was conducted under the guidance of the National Research Council's Committee on the Education and Utilization of the Engineer. The report deals with: (1) "Participation in Continuing Education--The Engineer's Perspective"; (2) "The Role of Industry"; (3) "The Role of the University"; (4) "The Role of Professional Societies"; (5) "The Role of Proprietary Schools"; and (6) "The Role of Government." A reference list and bibliography are included, along with appendices which address a pilot study for a study of policymakers' attitudes toward continuing education, a list of 1984 continuing education programs of technical societies, and a professional society survey. (TW)
This report summarizes the results of the work of the Panel on Support Organizations for the Engineering Community, which was one of the subcommittees of the National Research Council's Committee on the Education and Utilization of the Engineer. The panel found that many engineering support needs were common to all of the sectors investigated and, in a number of instances, the support mechanisms themselves were also common. The sectors studied included academia, government, industry, private practice, and the society at large. Some of the common needs and concerns addressed by this document are: (1) technical competence; (2) information exchange; (3) professional development; and (4) professional standards. The appendices include a discussion of public information and media outreach activities, and a survey of journalists' perceptions of engineers, physicians, and scientists. (TW)
This is the third of three volumes containing a report from the International Panel on Social Progress (IPSP). The IPSP is an independent association of top research scholars with the goal of assessing methods for improving the main institutions of modern societies. Written in accessible language by scholars across the social sciences and humanities, these volumes assess the achievements of world societies in past centuries, the current trends, the dangers that we are now facing, and the possible futures in the twenty-first century. It covers the main socio-economic, political, and cultural dimensions of social progress, global as well as regional issues, and the diversity of challenges and their interplay around the world. This particular volume covers topics such as world cultures and religions, families, global health, education, and the contributions of social sciences to institutional change.
Higher education is a linchpin of the American economy and society: teaching and research at colleges and universities contribute significantly to the nation's economic activity, both directly and through their impact on future growth; federal and state governments support teaching and research with billions of taxpayers' dollars; and individuals, communities, and the nation gain from the learning and innovation that occur in higher education. In the current environment of increasing tuition and shrinking public funds, a sense of urgency has emerged to better track the performance of colleges and universities in the hope that their costs can be contained without compromising quality or accessibility. Improving Measurement of Productivity in Higher Education presents an analytically well-defined concept of productivity in higher education and recommends empirically valid and operationally practical guidelines for measuring it. In addition to its obvious policy and research value, improved measures of productivity may generate insights that potentially lead to enhanced departmental, institutional, or system educational processes. Improving Measurement of Productivity in Higher Education constructs valid productivity measures to supplement the body of information used to guide resource allocation decisions at the system, state, and national levels and to assist policymakers who must assess investments in higher education against other compelling demands on scarce resources. By portraying the productive process in detail, this report will allow stakeholders to better understand the complexities of-and potential approaches to-measuring institution, system and national-level performance in higher education.
This companion to Volume I presents individually authored papers covering the history, economics, and sociology of women's work and the computer revolution. Topics include the implications for equal employment opportunity in light of new technologies; a case study of the insurance industry and of women in computer-related occupations; a study of temporary, part-time, and at-home employment; and education and retraining opportunities.
This report of the Panel of Continuing Education was prepared as part of the study on engineering education and practice in the United States that was conducted under the guidance of the National Research Council's Committee on the Education and Utilization of the Engineer. The report deals with: (1) "Participation in Continuing Education--The Engineer's Perspective"; (2) "The Role of Industry"; (3) "The Role of the University"; (4) "The Role of Professional Societies"; (5) "The Role of Proprietary Schools"; and (6) "The Role of Government." A reference list and bibliography are included, along with appendices which address a pilot study for a study of policymakers' attitudes toward continuing education, a list of 1984 continuing education programs of technical societies, and a professional society survey. (TW)
This report forms an integral part of a study conducted by the Committee on the Education and Utilization of the Engineer, under the auspices of the National Research Council. Five major tasks undertaken by the panel were: (1) defining engineering; (2) determining influences on the engineering community, including external influences and internal factors; (3) developing schematic flow diagrams that include the major sources, flows, and activities of the engineering community; (4) developing and describing a first-order model of the engineering community; and (5) providing an overview and assessment of 14 data bases used in the development of the diagram and model. "The Definition of Engineering and of Engineers in Historical Context"; "Trends in Engineering Enrollments and Degrees Granted"; and "Flow Diagrams" are provided in the appendices. (YP)
The United States prides itself on being a nation of immigrants, and the country has a long history of successfully absorbing people from across the globe. The integration of immigrants and their children contributes to our economic vitality and our vibrant and ever changing culture. We have offered opportunities to immigrants and their children to better themselves and to be fully incorporated into our society and in exchange immigrants have become Americans - embracing an American identity and citizenship, protecting our country through service in our military, fostering technological innovation, harvesting its crops, and enriching everything from the nation's cuisine to its universities, music, and art. Today, the 41 million immigrants in the United States represent 13.1 percent of the U.S. population. The U.S.-born children of immigrants, the second generation, represent another 37.1 million people, or 12 percent of the population. Thus, together the first and second generations account for one out of four members of the U.S. population. Whether they are successfully integrating is therefore a pressing and important question. Are new immigrants and their children being well integrated into American society, within and across generations? Do current policies and practices facilitate their integration? How is American society being transformed by the millions of immigrants who have arrived in recent decades? To answer these questions, this new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine summarizes what we know about how immigrants and their descendants are integrating into American society in a range of areas such as education, occupations, health, and language.
In this study, the committee explores ways the National Weather Service (NWS) can take advantage of continuing advances in science and technology to meet the challenges of the future. The predictions are focused on the target year 2025. Because specific predictions about the state of science and technology or the NWS more than 25 years in the future will not be entirely accurate, the goal of this report is to identify and highlight trends that are most likely to influence change. The Panel on the Road Map for the Future National Weather Service developed an optimistic vision for 2025 based on advances in science and technology.
The rapid evolution of information technology (IT) is transforming our society and its institutions. For the most knowledge-intensive entities of all, research universities, profound IT-related challenges and opportunities will emerge in the next decade or so. Yet, there is a sense that some of the most significant issues are not well understood by academic administrators, faculty, and those who support or depend on the institution's activities. This study identifies those information technologies likely to evolve in the near term (a decade or less) that could ultimately have a major impact on the research university. It also examines the possible implications of these technologies for the research universityâ€"its activities (learning, research, outreach) and its organization, management, and financingâ€"and for the broader higher education enterprise. The authoring committee urges research universities and their constituents to develop new strategies to ensure that they survive and thrive in the digital age.
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