In most Keynesian-type macroeconomic models the financial sector is modelled in terms of money demand, money supply and money market equilibrium. The market equations for private and government debt, i.e. credit, are implicit in these models by virtue of Walras' Law and need not be explicitly specified. Market equations for existing physical capital, or shares in capital, are absent from these models on the tacit assumption that physical capital cannot be traded and, consequently, has no market price. Money in these models is a substitute for private and government debt, not for current output, let alone for physical capital (or claims thereon). Models with these characteristics have three basic weaknesses. They narrow down the monetary transmission mechanism to a small subset of assets. Moreover, they produce downward-biased estimates of the degree of controllability of money in open economies if money and claims on physical capital are actually substitutes. Finally, these models are ill-suited to analyze adequately the effects of open market operations and of financing government budget deficits which change the stocks of money and debt.
In Dickens's lifetime, and for a generation or so after, Edmund Hodgson Yates and George Augustus Sala were the best known and most successful of his "young men" - the budding writers who acknowledged him as their guide and mentor and whose literary careers the publicity and privately fostered. The book considers their personal and literary relationships with Dickens, with each other, and with other writers of the period, Bohemian and "respectable", including Yates's arch-enemy, his post-office colleague Anthony Trollope. But it also demonstrates that their life and writings - their fiction, private letters and occasional essays in verse and drama, as well as their already recognised contributions to the development of the "new journalism" - are interesting and historically illuminating in their own right, not merely pale reflections of the glory of greater writers. Extensive use is made of previously unpublished material.
This is MacLean's major work on the evolutionary development of the human brain. In its evolution the human forebrain expands along the lines of three basic formations that anatomical and biochemically reflect an ancestral relationship, respectively, to reptiles, early mammals, and late mammals. MacLean describes this as the Triune Brain."--Amazon.com viewed July 29, 2020
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