Diabetes Mellitus, a syndrome of disordered metabolism, characterised by abnormal elevation in blood glucose level, has become a life-threatening condition for many people. Current means of therapy for Diabetes Mellitus do not mimic the normal physiological pattern of insulin release. Oral delivery is the preferred route of administration due to its non-invasive nature. Oral delivery of insulin presents an overview of Diabetes Mellitus, and discusses the strategies and techniques adopted for oral delivery of insulin. This title begins with an introductory chapter on symptoms, complications and therapy for Diabetes Mellitus. Subsequent chapters cover the various routes for administering insulin; the challenges and strategies of oral delivery; experimental techniques in the development of an oral insulin carrier; lipids; inorganic nanoparticles and polymers in oral insulin delivery; and a summary and presentation of future perspectives on oral delivery of insulin. - Presents an overview of Diabetes Mellitus - Includes a discussion of various strategies and techniques adopted for oral delivery of insulin - Presents an update of research in the field
- Comprehensive illustrative encyclopedia containg many rare images - Includes clinical analysis for the physician - Designed to complement and provide a visual supplement to already existing texts on sarcoidosis - Only atlas of sarcoidosis which reviews the multisystmeic nature of sarcoidosis on the context of clinical medicine - Written by world reknown experts in sarcoidosis
The loss of large areas of tropical forests has become a major concern of the world community. Although there are many causes of tropical deforestation and forest degradation, an important cause appears to be an undervaluation of forests by markets and governments. One reason for this undervaluation is that many forest products, such as food and medicinal products, are traded in informal markets for which there are little data. Another reason is that many services provided by forests, such as carbon storage, biodiversity protection, recreation, and watershed protection, are not traded in markets; hence, their economic values are often ignored. Even where environmental values are recognized, they may not be measured or used to promote efficient resource management. This volume examines some causes of tropical deforestation and explores forest valuation issues in context of a protected area project. The study sets out the context of tropical deforestation and loss of biodiversity and provides a framework for examining the economic value of forests. It also presents a detailed case study of Madagascar that illustrates the practical application of the techniques of analysis to the valuation of forests." -- Website.
World Bank Discussion Paper 234. This study of a microregion of Madagascar illustrates the important relationships between population growth, unsustainable agriculture, and natural resource decline. It shows how agricultural development has been ha
Sarcoidosis is a rare condition that causes small patches of red and swollen tissue, called granulomas, to develop in the organs of the body. It most often affects the lungs and skin. Typical symptoms include tender, red bumps on the skin, shortness of breath and a persistent cough. There is no cure for sarcoidosis, but the condition often improves without treatment within a few months or years. Sarcoidosis is estimated to affect about 1 in every 10,000 people in the UK (NHS Choices). Part of the Clinical Focus Series, this book provides trainees with an overview of this complex condition. Beginning with an introduction and guidance on recognising pulmonary granulomas, the following chapters provide in depth coverage of numerous common lesions, describing their history, clinical features, differential diagnosis and treatment. Presented in an easy to read format, this useful reference includes clinical photographs, CT scans and X-rays, histological pictures and tables to enhance learning. Key points Provides practical overview of lesions of sarcoidosis Covers numerous common lesions, their history, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment Presented in easy to read format, with problem solving approach Includes clinical photographs, CT Scans, X-rays, histological pictures and tables
The most comprehensive design reference available on remediation techniques, waste disposal methods and various waste containment systems. Covers several important new issues such as the regulatory structure of RCRA Subtitles C and D; subsurface flow and transport of contaminants; liner systems, leachate collection and removal systems for landfills; and seismic stability analysis of landfills. Describes new waste stabilization technologies including the process of converting non-solid toxic waste into inert solids.
World Bank Technical Paper 251. Presents new strategies for protecting forests in Sub-Saharan Africa and underlines the importance of the region's natural resources to its economic development. Forest resources in Sub-Saharan Africa are disa
The book represents a complete and comprehensive visual representation of interstitial lung disease. It is a true pictorial supplement to the numerous monographs and texts on the topic. The images enhance the practical description of the disease. Since there is no atlas on interstitial disease this title is unique and provides the first practical illustrative reference. It will be of value to physicians who work in internal medicine or chest radiology.
The purpose of this book is to provide medical students, postgraduate fellows, general practitioners and specialists a succinct, easy to read, well-illustrated and comprehensive review of interstitial disorders encountered in clinical practice. Authored by a team of internationally recognized experts, the chapters cover different aspects of these complex maladies and suggest plans for effective management of patients with diffuse parenchymal disease. The book opens with a brief historical account followed by physiological and radiological features of interstitial lung diseases. Each concise ch.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, also known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is an inflammation of the lungs due to breathing in a foreign substance, usually certain types of dust, fungus, or moulds. Part of the Clinical Focus Series, Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis is a concise guide to the condition, discussing epidemiologic, immune-pathologic, physiologic, diagnostic and therapeutic developments. The text also examines genetics, lung function, bronchoscopy, treatment and new findings in the field. Written by an author and editor team from the USA, Europe and Asia, each chapter is enhanced with tables and illustrations, as well as X-Rays and CT images. Key Features Concise guide to hypersensitivity pneumonitis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis) Discusses epidemiology, immune-pathology, physiology, diagnosis and treatment Includes chapter on new findings in the field Experienced author and editor team from the USA, Europe and Asia Numerous tables, illustrations, X-Rays and CT images
The development of biomaterials as a powerful regulator of the cellular microenvironment for application in drug discovery/delivery, tissue engineering, and implant biology, requires a better understanding of cell-surface interactions at macro, micro, and nanometre levels. Cell–substrate interactions are multifaceted, involving the integration of various physical and biochemical signals. The interactions among these micro-environmental factors cannot be facilely elucidated and quantified by conventional experimentations, and this necessitates multifactorial strategies. A major task in the biomaterials field would be to develop advanced tools that can offer greater insight into characterizing the cellular behavior and interactions on the material interface. Obtaining this information is crucial in taking biomaterial science to new realms for biomedical applications. The contribution of molecular techniques to elucidate the cell–biomaterial interactions is indispensable on the time-course and level of expression of particular genes that determine cellular phenotype. The amalgamation of multiple disciplines has already produced many interesting techniques and approaches for the cell–biomaterial characterization, of which we have tried to provide a comprehensive and integrated description. The main focus of this book chapter is to explore the toolbox contents available in elucidating the cell–biomaterial interactions. We brief about the topographical, mechanical and biochemical changes faced by a cell upon the rendezvous of any surface in particular with the cell–biomaterial interface. The material characteristics playing cards in directing cellular behavior are straightened out. We also discuss the current knowledge of how a cell can interact with a substrate at the nanoscale and the effect of size, morphology, organization and separation of nanofeatures on cell response.
This Book Is An Assessment Of The Role Played By The United Nations Since Its Inception. It Brings Together Distinguished Academics In A Systemic But Critical Account Of The Part The Un Has Played In International Relations And In Facing The Socio-Economic, Political Military, Cultural And Ecological Challenges Since 1945.
Wound-healing and wound-care technologies are an ever-expanding field due to the advancements in materials science, biomedicine and tissue engineering. In 2011, the global wound-care market generated 6,500 million USD with an annual growth rate of 7.5%. The global advanced wound-care products market share in 2023 is predicted to be approximately 16,300 million USD. This book discusses the evolution of wound-care devices and protocols over the years, in addition to the different technologies being used in present-day wound-care treatment. New strategies involving engineered tissues and drug-delivery systems to mimic the natural wound healing environment are also discussed. The use of cytokine growth factors has been shown to enhance chronic wound healing, particularly for burn wounds. However, the prevention of scarring, keloid formation or contractures, and a cosmetically acceptable healing is a challenge even now. Skin tissue engineering was the first successfully clinically applied product in the field of regenerative medicine. Bioengineered skin seeded with fibroblast and keratinocyte cells is a potential permanent solution that does not require skin grafting and could also be used as a temporary cover for burns prior to grafting. Cell attachment, proliferation and tissue formation on a three-dimensional porous scaffold can be engineered for specific applications. These cell-based skin substitutes have a significant wound-healing and scar-reducing effect on patients. A gene-activated dermal equivalent is another emerging approach for the healing of full-thickness incision wounds which results in good remodelling of the skin. This book also describes the latest developments in the field of wound-healing science and research. The target audiences are wound-care professionals, researchers working on wound-healing technology and skin tissue engineering, as well as graduate students and industry personnel that need to understand the aspects of wound healing and the technological requirements to achieve successful commercialisation.
Among the various natural polymer-based gene delivery vectors, chitosan is the most prominent. As a biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic and easily modifiable material, chitosan has been widely researched for a variety of biomedical applications such as wound healing, drug/gene delivery systems, implant coatings and tissue engineering/regeneration. Chitosan was first described as a delivery system for plasmids by Mumper's group in 1995. The role of chitosan in gene delivery was supported by its ability to protonate in acidic conditions and to form complexes with anionic DNA by electrostatic interactions. The biodegradable cationic polymer chitosan is capable of forming small and stable toroidal complexes with plasmid DNA and provide protection against DNase that is comparable to PEI. The objective of this book is to integrate the concepts related to chitosan and its derivative-based drug/gene delivery carriers. For example, the success of the gene delivery system mainly depends upon the uptake by the cells, unpacking behaviour of pDNA/siRNA from the vector and its intracellular trafficking. Such concepts are introduced and discussed, in addition to the various applications of chitosan as a drug delivery system in wound healing, tissue engineering and in gene delivery. This book is an excellent resource for the academic faculty, graduate students and professionals interested in chitosan-based drug/gene technologies.
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