In this book, computational optical phase imaging techniques are presented along with Matlab codes that allow the reader to run their own simulations and gain a thorough understanding of the current state-of-the-art. The book focuses on modern applications of computational optical phase imaging in engineering measurements and biomedical imaging. Additionally, it discusses the future of computational optical phase imaging, especially in terms of system miniaturization and deep learning-based phase retrieval.
Entropy Theory and its Application in Environmental and Water Engineering responds to the need for a book that deals with basic concepts of entropy theory from a hydrologic and water engineering perspective and then for a book that deals with applications of these concepts to a range of water engineering problems. The range of applications of entropy is constantly expanding and new areas finding a use for the theory are continually emerging. The applications of concepts and techniques vary across different subject areas and this book aims to relate them directly to practical problems of environmental and water engineering. The book presents and explains the Principle of Maximum Entropy (POME) and the Principle of Minimum Cross Entropy (POMCE) and their applications to different types of probability distributions. Spatial and inverse spatial entropy are important for urban planning and are presented with clarity. Maximum entropy spectral analysis and minimum cross entropy spectral analysis are powerful techniques for addressing a variety of problems faced by environmental and water scientists and engineers and are described here with illustrative examples. Giving a thorough introduction to the use of entropy to measure the unpredictability in environmental and water systems this book will add an essential statistical method to the toolkit of postgraduates, researchers and academic hydrologists, water resource managers, environmental scientists and engineers. It will also offer a valuable resource for professionals in the same areas, governmental organizations, private companies as well as students in earth sciences, civil and agricultural engineering, and agricultural and rangeland sciences. This book: Provides a thorough introduction to entropy for beginners and more experienced users Uses numerous examples to illustrate the applications of the theoretical principles Allows the reader to apply entropy theory to the solution of practical problems Assumes minimal existing mathematical knowledge Discusses the theory and its various aspects in both univariate and bivariate cases Covers newly expanding areas including neural networks from an entropy perspective and future developments.
Statisticians and applied scientists must often select a model to fit empirical data. This book discusses the philosophy and strategy of selecting such a model using the information theory approach pioneered by Hirotugu Akaike. This approach focuses critical attention on a priori modeling and the selection of a good approximating model that best represents the inference supported by the data. The book includes practical applications in biology and environmental science.
This Research Note contains papers presented at the SIAM 40th anniversary meeting organised by the editors and held in Los Angeles in 1992. The papers focus on new fundamental results in the theory of plates and shells, with particular emphasis on the treatment of different materials and the nonlinearities involved. Asymptotic methods, such as formal expansions, homogenization, and two-scale convergence, are analytical tools that pervade much of the research. Some of the papers are also concerned with existence results, especially for nonlinear problems, using various functional analytic methods.
Ruthenium Oxidation Complexes explores ruthenium complexes, particularly those in higher oxidation states, which function as useful and selective organic oxidation catalysts. Particular emphasis is placed on those systems which are of industrial significance. The preparation, properties and applications of the ruthenium complexes are described, followed by a presentation of their oxidative properties and summary of the different mechanisms involved in the organic oxidations (e.g. oxidations of alcohols, alkenes, arenes and alkynes, alkanes, amines, ethers, phopshines and miscellaneous substrates). Moreover, future trends and developments in the area are discussed. This monograph is aimed at inorganic, organic, industrial and catalysis chemists, especially those who wish to carry out specific organic oxidations using catalytic methods.
This accessible new edition explores the major topics in Monte Carlo simulation Simulation and the Monte Carlo Method, Second Edition reflects the latest developments in the field and presents a fully updated and comprehensive account of the major topics that have emerged in Monte Carlo simulation since the publication of the classic First Edition over twenty-five years ago. While maintaining its accessible and intuitive approach, this revised edition features a wealth of up-to-date information that facilitates a deeper understanding of problem solving across a wide array of subject areas, such as engineering, statistics, computer science, mathematics, and the physical and life sciences. The book begins with a modernized introduction that addresses the basic concepts of probability, Markov processes, and convex optimization. Subsequent chapters discuss the dramatic changes that have occurred in the field of the Monte Carlo method, with coverage of many modern topics including: Markov Chain Monte Carlo Variance reduction techniques such as the transform likelihood ratio method and the screening method The score function method for sensitivity analysis The stochastic approximation method and the stochastic counter-part method for Monte Carlo optimization The cross-entropy method to rare events estimation and combinatorial optimization Application of Monte Carlo techniques for counting problems, with an emphasis on the parametric minimum cross-entropy method An extensive range of exercises is provided at the end of each chapter, with more difficult sections and exercises marked accordingly for advanced readers. A generous sampling of applied examples is positioned throughout the book, emphasizing various areas of application, and a detailed appendix presents an introduction to exponential families, a discussion of the computational complexity of stochastic programming problems, and sample MATLAB programs. Requiring only a basic, introductory knowledge of probability and statistics, Simulation and the Monte Carlo Method, Second Edition is an excellent text for upper-undergraduate and beginning graduate courses in simulation and Monte Carlo techniques. The book also serves as a valuable reference for professionals who would like to achieve a more formal understanding of the Monte Carlo method.
A unique and comprehensive text on the philosophy of model-based data analysis and strategy for the analysis of empirical data. The book introduces information theoretic approaches and focuses critical attention on a priori modeling and the selection of a good approximating model that best represents the inference supported by the data. It contains several new approaches to estimating model selection uncertainty and incorporating selection uncertainty into estimates of precision. An array of examples is given to illustrate various technical issues. The text has been written for biologists and statisticians using models for making inferences from empirical data.
Presents the most innovative results in carbene chemistry, setting the foundation for new discoveries and applications The discovery of stable carbenes has reinvigorated carbene chemistry research, with investigators seeking to develop carbenes into new useful catalysts and ligands. Presenting the most innovative and promising areas of carbene research over the past decade, this book explores newly discovered structural, catalytic, and organometallic aspects of carbene chemistry, with an emphasis on new and emerging synthetic applications. Contemporary Carbene Chemistry features contributions from an international team of pioneering carbene chemistry researchers. Collectively, these authors have highlighted the most interesting and promising areas of investigation in the field. The book is divided into two parts: Part 1, Properties and Reactions of Carbenes, explores new findings on carbene stability, acid-base behavior, and catalysis. Carbenic structure and reactivity are examined in chapters dedicated to stable carbenes, carbodicarbenes, carbenes as guests in supramolecular hosts, tunneling in carbene and oxacarbene reactions, and ultrafast kinetics of carbenes and their excited state precursors. Theoretical concerns are addressed in chapters on computational methods and dynamics applied to carbene reactions. Part 2, Metal Carbenes, is dedicated to the synthetic dimensions of carbenes, particularly the reactions and catalytic properties of metal carbenes. The authors discuss lithium, rhodium, ruthenium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, and gold. All the chapters conclude with a summary of the current situation, new challenges on the horizon, and promising new research directions. A list of key reviews and suggestions for further reading also accompanies every chapter. Each volume of the Wiley Series on Reactive Intermediates in Chemistry and Biology focuses on a specific reactive intermediate, offering a broad range of perspectives from leading experts that sets the stage for new applications and further discoveries.
Fully Updated Hydrology Principles, Methods, and Applications Thoroughly revised for the first time in 50 years, this industry-standard resource features chapter contributions from a “who’s who” of international hydrology experts. Compiled by a colleague of the late Dr. Chow, Chow’s Handbook of Applied Hydrology, Second Edition, covers scientific and engineering fundamentals and presents all-new methods, processes, and technologies. Complete details are provided for the full range of ecosystems and models. Advanced chapters look to the future of hydrology, including climate change impacts, extraterrestrial water, social hydrology, and water security. Chow’s Handbook of Applied Hydrology, Second Edition, covers: · The Fundamentals of Hydrology · Data Collection and Processing · Hydrology Methods · Hydrologic Processes and Modeling · Sediment and Pollutant Transport · Hydrometeorologic and Hydrologic Extremes · Systems Hydrology · Hydrology of Large River and Lake Basins · Applications and Design · The Future of Hydrology
Design of experiments (DOE) is an off-line quality assurance technique used to achieve best performance of products and processes. This book covers the basic ideas, terminology, and the application of techniques necessary to conduct a study using DOE. The text is divided into two parts—Part I (Design of Experiments) and Part II (Taguchi Methods). Part I (Chapters 1–8) begins with a discussion on basics of statistics and fundamentals of experimental designs, and then, it moves on to describe randomized design, Latin square design, Graeco-Latin square design. In addition, it also deals with statistical model for a two-factor and three-factor experiments and analyses 2k factorial, 2k-m fractional factorial design and methodology of surface design. Part II (Chapters 9–16) discusses Taguchi quality loss function, orthogonal design, objective functions in robust design. Besides, the book explains the application of orthogonal arrays, data analysis using response graph method/analysis of variance, methods for multi-level factor designs, factor analysis and genetic algorithm. This book is intended as a text for the undergraduate students of Industrial Engineering and postgraduate students of Mechtronics Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Statistics. In addition, the book would also be extremely useful for both academicians and practitioners KEY FEATURES : Includes six case studies of DOE in the context of different industry sector. Provides essential DOE techniques for process improvement. Introduces simple graphical methods for reducing time taken to design and develop products.
A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. Over the past few decades, scholars have traced how Indian Ocean merchants forged transregional networks into a world of global connections. East Africa's crucial role in this Indian Ocean world has primarily been understood through the influence of coastal trading centers like Mombasa. In Inland from Mombasa, David P. Bresnahan looks anew at this Swahili port city from the vantage point of the communities that lived on its rural edges. By reconstructing the deep history of these Mijikenda-speaking societies over the past two millennia, he shows how profoundly they influenced global trade even as they rejected many of the cosmopolitan practices that historians have claimed are critical to creating global connections, choosing smaller communities over urbanism, local ritual practices over Islam, and inland trade over maritime commerce. Inland from Mombasa makes the compelling case that the seemingly isolating alternative social pursuits engaged in by Mijikenda speakers were in fact key to their active role in global commerce and politics.
The care of pregnant women presents one of the paradoxes of modern medicine. Women usually require little medical intervention during an (uneventful) pregnancy. Conversely, those at high risk of damage to their own health or that of their unborn require the help of appropriate medicinal technology, including drugs. Accordingly, there are two classes of pregnant women, the larger group requires support but not much intervention, while the other needs the full range of diagnostic and therapeutic measures applied in any other branch of medicine. This book presents the current state of knowledge about drugs in pregnancy. In each chapter information is presented separately for two different aspects of the problem seeking a drug appropriate for prescription during pregnancy, and assessing the risk of a drug when exposure has already taken place. Practising clinicians who prescribe medicinal products to women who are, or who may become, pregnant, will find this volume an invaluable reference.
Rubinstein is the pioneer of the well-known score function and cross-entropy methods. Accessible to a broad audience of engineers, computer scientists, mathematicians, statisticians and in general anyone, theorist and practitioner, who is interested in smart simulation, fast optimization, learning algorithms, and image processing.
Revised and updated for its Third Edition, Stocker and Dehner's Pediatric Pathology provides encyclopedic coverage of the diagnosis of pediatric disorders from the neonatal period through adolescence. It covers all major aspects of the pathologic anatomy of childhood disorders ranging from chromosomal syndromes and neoplasms to forensic pathology. Sections are organized by disease classification and by organ system. The book contains more than 1,300 gross and microscopic images, including 1,200 in full color. This edition includes a new chapter on transplantation pathology. Other highlights include significant updates in the areas of pediatric autopsy, imaging techniques, molecular techniques, embryonic and fetal wastage, congenital abnormalities, metabolic disorders, SIDS and forensic pathology, the placenta, and the nervous system.
The ruling Liberal Democratic Party of Japan uses incremental changes to manage conflicting pressures over defence.This work focuses on the establishment of defence policy constraints through 1992. It discusses the various implications of using defence policy as a means of conflict management.
This book sets out to address some basic questions drawing from classical political economy and information theory and using an econophysics methodology: What is information? Why is it valuable? What is the relationship between money and information?
This issue of Emergency Medicine Clinics focuses on Pediatric Emergency Medicine, with topics including: BRUE/ALTE; Pediatric Minor Head Injury; PAIN MANAGEMENT and PAIN ALTERNATIVES; DEHYDRATION - ORT and IVF FLUID SELECTION; PEDIATRIC SYNCOPE - High Risk Conditions and Reasonable Approach; INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM IN THE ED; BRONCHIOLITIS - From Guideline to Clinical Practice; PED NON-INVASIVE VENTILATION; PED VENT MANAGEMENT; POST-OP TONSILLECTOMY HEMORRHAGE; UNDIFFERENTIATED SHOCK MANAGEMENT; PEDIATRIC BURN MANAGEMENT; MAJOR HEAD TRAUMA: Not a Minor Problem; and PEDIATRIC THORACIC TRAUMA.
This book contains some of the results from the research project "Demand for Food in the Nordic Countries", which was initiated in 1988 by Professor Olof Bolin of the Agricultural University in Ultuna, Sweden and by Professor Karl Iohan Weckman, of the University of Helsinki, Finland. A pilot study was carried out by Bengt Assarsson, which in 1989 led to a successful application for a research grant from the NKJ (The Nordic Contact Body for Agricultural Research) through the national research councils for agricultural research in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. We are very grateful to Olof Bolin and Karl Iohan Weckman, without whom this project would not have come about, and to the national research councils in the Nordic countries for the generous financial support we have received for this project. We have received comments and suggestions from many colleagues, and this has improved our work substantially. At the start of the project a reference group was formed, consisting of Professor Olof Bolin, Professor Anders Klevmarken, Agr. lie. Gert Aage Nielsen, Professor Karl Iohan Weckman and Cando oecon. Per Halvor Vale. Gert Aage Nielsen left the group early in the project for a position in Landbanken, and was replaced by Professor Lars Otto, while Per Halvor Vale soon joined the research staff. The reference group has given us useful suggestions and encouraged us in our work. Weare very grateful to them.
Examines how the Japanese government used a series of incremental measures in three different periods to manage conflicting international and domestic pressure over defense issues in the context of the county's military dependence on the US since World War II. Details the influence and origins of such constraints as the one-percent of GNP ceiling of defense spending, various international treaties, and the strong public opinion against the military; and concludes that domestic political tranquility is more important to the government than military parity with other countries. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
With your heavy case load, you can't afford to waste time searching for answers. Cardiology, 3rd Edition, by Drs. Crawford, DiMarco, and Paulus, offers you just the practical, problem-based guidance you need to quickly overcome any clinical challenge. 8 color-coded sections cover the 8 major clinical syndromes of cardiovascular disease—each section a virtual "mini textbook" on its topic! 40 new chapters keep you up to date with the latest advances in the field, while more than 2,000 lavish, high-quality illustrations, color photographs, tables, and ECGs capture clinical manifestations as they present in practice. It’s current, actionable information that you can put to work immediately for your patients! Offers a problem-based approach that integrates basic science, diagnostic investigations, and therapeutic management in one place for each cardiovascular disease so you can quickly find all of the actionable knowledge you need without flipping from one section to another. Features introductory bulleted highlights in each chapter that present the most pertinent information at a glance. Presents abundant algorithms to expedite clinical decision making. Includes more than 2,000 lavish, high-quality illustrations, color photographs, tables, and ECGs that capture clinical manifestations as they present in practice, and promote readability and retention. Includes 40 new chapters including Inherited Arrhythmia Syndromes, Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators and Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in CHD, Management of the Cyanotic Patient with CHD, Special Problems for the Cardiology Consultant Dealing with Bariatric/Gastric Bypass — and many more — that equip you with all of the latest knowledge. Presents "Special Problem" sections—many new to this edition—that provide practical advice on problems that can be difficult to treat.
This book is a complete guide to the management of head and neck cancer. Divided into five sections, the text begins with discussion on pre-treatment assessment and evaluation. Section two covers management of numerous different head and neck cancers, from oral and larynx, to temporal bone, saliva gland, thyroid, and many more. A complete chapter is dedicated to robotic surgery. The following sections detail management of tumour-like lesions, reconstructive surgery, and post-treatment care and rehabilitation. Authored by recognised experts in the field, the comprehensive text is further enhanced by clinical images and figures. Key points Comprehensive guide to management of head and neck cancer Complete chapter dedicated to robotic surgery Discusses reconstructive surgery and post-treatment care Includes images and figures to enhance text
This new edition successfully combines elements of radiographic technique with interpretation information for readers. Five sections cover the concepts of radiologic imaging, radiographic techniques and procedures, special imaging techniques, radiation health, and assessment and interpretation. Based on the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology guidelines published by the American Association of Dental Schools, this unique book features numerous high-quality photographs, radiographs, and line drawings. New information on digital radiography, radiation health, periodontal disease, and image assessment is included, as well as chapter review questions, case-based questions, and workshop and laboratory exercises. To help readers prepare for certification, sample multiple-choice and case-based questions for the National and State Board Certification Examinations are also included.
This first-of-its-kind book examines how access to technology is affected by government policies and government-sponsored programs. It provides an easy-to-read overview of the field and several studies serving as examples to guide government policymakers and private sector decision makers. This forward-looking book also forecasts the potential impacts of government regulation upon the field and presents provocative discussions of the ethical implications of the cross-cultural and cross-national challenges facing technologically developed nations in the global economy.
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