Modern science is ever more driven by computations and simulations. In particular, the state of the art in space and Earth science often arises from complex simulations of climate, space weather, and astronomical phenomena. At the same time, scientific work requires data processing, presentation, and analysis through broadly available proprietary and community software.1 Implicitly or explicitly, software is central to science. Scientific discovery, understanding, validation, and interpretation are all enhanced by access to the source code of the software used by scientists. This report investigates and recommends options for NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD) as it considers how to establish a policy regarding open source software to complement its existing policy on open data. In particular, the report reviews existing data and software policies and the lessons learned from the implementation of those policies, summarizes community perspectives, and presents policy options and recommendations for implementing an open source software policy for NASA SMD.
Report of the Expert Group on Commonwealth Co-operation in Distance Education and Open Learning that proposes the creation of a University of the Commonwealth for co-operation in distance education, itself working closely with, and forging an effective partnership between, a wide variety of institutions through the Commonwealth. The Group shows not only how technologies could be harnessed on a Commonwealth-wide basis, but how teaching materials could be pooled and shared to become a Commonwealth-wide resource, freeing individual learners throughout the Commonwealth from the constraints of distance and the need to study at a present place or time.
Openness and sharing of information are fundamental to the progress of science and to the effective functioning of the research enterprise. The advent of scientific journals in the 17th century helped power the Scientific Revolution by allowing researchers to communicate across time and space, using the technologies of that era to generate reliable knowledge more quickly and efficiently. Harnessing today's stunning, ongoing advances in information technologies, the global research enterprise and its stakeholders are moving toward a new open science ecosystem. Open science aims to ensure the free availability and usability of scholarly publications, the data that result from scholarly research, and the methodologies, including code or algorithms, that were used to generate those data. Open Science by Design is aimed at overcoming barriers and moving toward open science as the default approach across the research enterprise. This report explores specific examples of open science and discusses a range of challenges, focusing on stakeholder perspectives. It is meant to provide guidance to the research enterprise and its stakeholders as they build strategies for achieving open science and take the next steps.
Military operations produce a great deal of trash in an environment where standard waste management practices may be subordinated to more pressing concerns. As a result, ground forces have long relied on incineration in open-air pits as a means of getting rid of refuse. Concerns over possible adverse effects of exposure to smoke from trash burning in the theater were first expressed in the wake of the 1990â€"1991 Gulf War and stimulated a series of studies that indicated that exposures to smoke from oil-well fires and from other combustion sources, including waste burning, were stressors for troops. In January 2013, Congress directed the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to establish and maintain a registry for service members who may have been exposed to toxic airborne chemicals and fumes generated by open burn pits. Assessment of the Department of Veterans Affairs Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry analyzes the initial months of data collected by the registry and offers recommendations on ways to improve the instrument and best use the information it collects. This report assesses the effectiveness of the VA's information gathering efforts and provides recommendations for addressing the future medical needs of the affected groups, and provides recommendations on collecting, maintaining, and monitoring information collected by the VA's Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry.
For trainers free additional material of this book is available. This can be found under the "Training Material" tab. Log in with your trainer account to access the material. TOGAF is a framework - a detailed method and a set of supporting tools - for developing an enterprise architecture, developed by members of The Open Group Architecture Forum. TOGAF Version 9.1 is a maintenance update to TOGAF 9, addressing comments raised since the introduction of TOGAF 9 in 2009. It retains the major features and structure of TOGAF 9, thereby preserving existing investment in TOGAF, and adds further detail and clarification to what is already proven.It may be used freely by any organization wishing to develop an enterprise architecture for use within that organization (subject to the Conditions of Use). This Book is divided into seven parts: Part I - Introduction This part provides a high-level introduction to the key concepts of enterprise architecture and in particular the TOGAF approach. It contains the definitions of terms used throughout TOGAF and release notes detailing the changes between this version and the previous version of TOGAF. Part II - Architecture Development Method This is the core of TOGAF. It describes the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) a step-by-step approach to developing an enterprise architecture. Part III - ADM Guidelines & Techniques This part contains a collection of guidelines and techniques available for use in applying TOGAF and the TOGAF ADM. Part IV - Architecture Content Framework This part describes the TOGAF content framework, including a structured metamodel for architectural artifacts, the use of re-usable architecture building blocks, and an overview of typical architecture deliverables. Part V - Enterprise Continuum & Tools This part discusses appropriate taxonomies and tools to categorize and store the outputs of architecture activity within an enterprise. Part VI - TOGAF Reference Models This part provides a selection of architectural reference models, which includes the TOGAF Foundation Architecture, and the Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (III-RM). Part VII Architecture Capability Framework This section looks at roles, Governance, compliance skills and much more practical guidance
The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) is a framework a detailed method and a set of supporting tools for developing an enterprise architecture, developed by members of The Open Group Architecture Forum (www.opengroup.org/architecture). As a comprehensive, open method for enterprise architecture, TOGAF Version 9 complements, and can be used in conjunction with, other frameworks that are more focused on specific aspects of architecture or for vertical sectors such as Government, Defense, and Finance. TOGAF may be used freely by any organization wishing to develop an enterprise architecture for use within that organization (subject to the Conditions of Use). This book is divided into seven main parts : PART I (Introduction) This part provides a high-level introduction to the key concepts of enterprise architecture and in particular the TOGAF approach. It contains the definitions of terms used throughout TOGAF and release notes detailing the changes between this version and the previous version of TOGAF. PART II (Architecture Development Method) This is the core of TOGAF. It describes the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) a step-by-step approach to developing an enterprise architecture. PART III (ADM Guidelines & Techniques) This part contains a collection of guidelines and techniques available for use in applying TOGAF and the TOGAF ADM. PART IV (Architecture Content Framework) This part describes the TOGAF content framework, including a structured metamodel for architectural artifacts, the use of re-usable architecture building blocks, and an overview of typical architecture deliverables. PART V (Enterprise Continuum & Tools) This part discusses appropriate taxonomies and tools to categorize and store the outputs of architecture activity within an enterprise. PART VI (TOGAF Reference Models) This part provides a selection of architectural reference models, which includes the TOGAF Foundation Architecture, and the Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (III-RM). PART VII (Architecture Capability Framework) This part discusses the organization, processes, skills, roles, and responsibilities required to establish and operate an architecture function within an enterprise.
This work provides an introduction to some of the most important and representative genres of classical Korean literature. Coverage includes: "Samguk sagi" and "samguk yusa" as literature; "Kunmong" and "Unyongchon"; the lyricism of Koryo songs; and the literature of Chosen Dynasty Women.
This is the official Pocket Guide for the TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2, from The Open Group. It is published in hard copy and electronic formats by Van Haren Publishing. The TOGAF Standard, a standard of The Open Group, is a proven Enterprise Architecture methodology and framework used by the world’s leading organizations to improve business efficiency. It is the most prominent and reliable Enterprise Architecture standard, ensuring consistent standards, methods, and communication among Enterprise Architecture professionals. Those professionals who are fluent in the TOGAF approach enjoy greater industry credibility, job effectiveness, and career opportunities. The TOGAF approach helps practitioners avoid being locked into proprietary methods, utilize resources more efficiently and effectively, and realize a greater return on investment.
This second annual survey by the Open Media Research Institute presents some 100 contributions on political developments in the 27 countries of the former socialist bloc. Sections on individual countries include a map, key statistics, brief discussions of domestic and foreign policy issues, excerpts from important documents, and profiles of major personalities. Some contributors provide general articles on regional economic developments and the processes involved with building democratic institutions. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Dive into a groundbreaking resource that equips healthcare professionals, Enterprise Architects, and IT decision-makers with the essential tools to enhance patient care and streamline operations within hospitals of all sizes and locales. In an era of Digital Transformation, this guide is your compass. Introducing the ZiRA Hospital Reference Architecture in English, a pioneering open-source solution developed by healthcare experts, for healthcare experts. Building upon the foundation of the renowned Dutch ZiRA and our collaboration with Nictiz, the Center of Excellence for Health IT in The Netherlands, this guide offers an accessible translation, clear insights, and essential updates. Discover why the ZiRA in English Guide by The Open Group fills a critical void, providing a trusted, internationally relevant reference architecture tailored to the unique needs of hospitals worldwide. Hospitals are the backbone of healthcare, accounting for a substantial portion of spending in the US and EU, yet they grapple with the challenges of a digital era. This guide empowers hospitals to thrive in today’s evolving healthcare landscape.
Dissecting in detail the arguments underlying the costs and economics of open and distance learning, this text should give the reader an insight and the confidence to cost their own open and distance learning projects.
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