Openness and sharing of information are fundamental to the progress of science and to the effective functioning of the research enterprise. The advent of scientific journals in the 17th century helped power the Scientific Revolution by allowing researchers to communicate across time and space, using the technologies of that era to generate reliable knowledge more quickly and efficiently. Harnessing today's stunning, ongoing advances in information technologies, the global research enterprise and its stakeholders are moving toward a new open science ecosystem. Open science aims to ensure the free availability and usability of scholarly publications, the data that result from scholarly research, and the methodologies, including code or algorithms, that were used to generate those data. Open Science by Design is aimed at overcoming barriers and moving toward open science as the default approach across the research enterprise. This report explores specific examples of open science and discusses a range of challenges, focusing on stakeholder perspectives. It is meant to provide guidance to the research enterprise and its stakeholders as they build strategies for achieving open science and take the next steps.
An overview and update of events in the region. Chapters on the countries of the region describe their historical background, current political developments, and domestic and foreign policy issues. Topical chapters are devoted to analysis of issues including economic and political development, international organizational and security concerns, and critical events. Includes excerpts from significant documents, and profiles of key personalities. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
The reports include regional overviews and 20 individual reports focusing on the state of television - both public service and commercial broadcasting. The countries monitored include the whole of Central and Eastern Europe, South-eastern Europe, selected Western European countries and Turkey.
Modern science is ever more driven by computations and simulations. In particular, the state of the art in space and Earth science often arises from complex simulations of climate, space weather, and astronomical phenomena. At the same time, scientific work requires data processing, presentation, and analysis through broadly available proprietary and community software.1 Implicitly or explicitly, software is central to science. Scientific discovery, understanding, validation, and interpretation are all enhanced by access to the source code of the software used by scientists. This report investigates and recommends options for NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD) as it considers how to establish a policy regarding open source software to complement its existing policy on open data. In particular, the report reviews existing data and software policies and the lessons learned from the implementation of those policies, summarizes community perspectives, and presents policy options and recommendations for implementing an open source software policy for NASA SMD.
This second annual survey by the Open Media Research Institute presents some 100 contributions on political developments in the 27 countries of the former socialist bloc. Sections on individual countries include a map, key statistics, brief discussions of domestic and foreign policy issues, excerpts from important documents, and profiles of major personalities. Some contributors provide general articles on regional economic developments and the processes involved with building democratic institutions. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Military operations produce a great deal of trash in an environment where standard waste management practices may be subordinated to more pressing concerns. As a result, ground forces have long relied on incineration in open-air pits as a means of getting rid of refuse. Concerns over possible adverse effects of exposure to smoke from trash burning in the theater were first expressed in the wake of the 1990â€"1991 Gulf War and stimulated a series of studies that indicated that exposures to smoke from oil-well fires and from other combustion sources, including waste burning, were stressors for troops. In January 2013, Congress directed the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to establish and maintain a registry for service members who may have been exposed to toxic airborne chemicals and fumes generated by open burn pits. Assessment of the Department of Veterans Affairs Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry analyzes the initial months of data collected by the registry and offers recommendations on ways to improve the instrument and best use the information it collects. This report assesses the effectiveness of the VA's information gathering efforts and provides recommendations for addressing the future medical needs of the affected groups, and provides recommendations on collecting, maintaining, and monitoring information collected by the VA's Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry.
This second edition retains the general structure of the first edition, buthas been updated in the light of recent oceanographic research, and improvedas a teaching text on the basis of feedback from past students and otherreaders.Notable additions include new sections addressing the topic ofnumerical modelling, and more discussion of natural oscillations in theocean-atmosphere system (previously confined to the El Niño phenomenon). Inparticular, the Chapter on the North Atlantic now includes a discussion ofthe North Atlantic Oscillation, as well as of the Great Salinity Anomaly. Inthe final Chapter, treatment of water mass formation has been updated toreflect recent ideas about the processes involved and how they relate toclimatic change over different time-scales, from decades to millennia.High quality full colour diagramsSubstantial chapter summaries ideal for revisionAnswers, hints and notes for questions at back of the book
Dissecting in detail the arguments underlying the costs and economics of open and distance learning, this text should give the reader an insight and the confidence to cost their own open and distance learning projects.
The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) is a framework a detailed method and a set of supporting tools for developing an enterprise architecture, developed by members of The Open Group Architecture Forum (www.opengroup.org/architecture). As a comprehensive, open method for enterprise architecture, TOGAF Version 9 complements, and can be used in conjunction with, other frameworks that are more focused on specific aspects of architecture or for vertical sectors such as Government, Defense, and Finance. TOGAF may be used freely by any organization wishing to develop an enterprise architecture for use within that organization (subject to the Conditions of Use). This book is divided into seven main parts : PART I (Introduction) This part provides a high-level introduction to the key concepts of enterprise architecture and in particular the TOGAF approach. It contains the definitions of terms used throughout TOGAF and release notes detailing the changes between this version and the previous version of TOGAF. PART II (Architecture Development Method) This is the core of TOGAF. It describes the TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) a step-by-step approach to developing an enterprise architecture. PART III (ADM Guidelines & Techniques) This part contains a collection of guidelines and techniques available for use in applying TOGAF and the TOGAF ADM. PART IV (Architecture Content Framework) This part describes the TOGAF content framework, including a structured metamodel for architectural artifacts, the use of re-usable architecture building blocks, and an overview of typical architecture deliverables. PART V (Enterprise Continuum & Tools) This part discusses appropriate taxonomies and tools to categorize and store the outputs of architecture activity within an enterprise. PART VI (TOGAF Reference Models) This part provides a selection of architectural reference models, which includes the TOGAF Foundation Architecture, and the Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (III-RM). PART VII (Architecture Capability Framework) This part discusses the organization, processes, skills, roles, and responsibilities required to establish and operate an architecture function within an enterprise.
This is an invaluable textbook, prepared by the Open University team and designed so that it can be read on its own or as part of the OU course. This second edition has been fully revised and updated including new colour illustrations increasing the striking spread of full colour diagrams throughout the book. The clarity of the text has been improved, providing comprehensive coverage of the evolution of ocean basins and their structure in a clear, concise manner aimed specifically at the student market.In this second edition the technological advances in fields as diverse as:- deep-towed instruments for `sniffing' hydrothermal plumes- mapping the sea-floor by sophisticated sonar techniques - three-dimensional imaging of crustal structure by seismic tomography- the use of satellites for navigation, and for making precise measurements of the height of the sea-surfaceThe first chapters describe the processes that shape the ocean basins, determine the structure and composition of oceanic crust and control the major features of continental margins. How the 'hot springs' of the oceanic ridges cycle chemical elements between seawater and oceanic crust is then explored. Sediment distributions are examined next, to demonstrate how sediments can preserve a record of past climatic and sea-level changes. Finally, the role of the oceans as an integral part of global chemical changes is reviewed. - High quality full colour diagrams - Substantial chapter summaries ideal for revision - Answers, hints and notes for questions at back of the book
The Open Group IT4ITTM Reference Architecture, Version 2.1, an Open Group Standard, provides a vendor-neutral, technology-agnostic, and industry-agnostic reference architecture for managing the business of IT. The Open Group IT4IT Reference Architecture standard comprises a reference architecture and a value chain-based operating model. The IT Value Chain has four value streams supported by a reference architecture to drive efficiency and agility. The four value streams are: • Strategy to Portfolio • Request to Fulfill • Requirement to Deploy • Detect to Correct Each IT Value Stream is centered on a key aspect of the service model, the essential data objects (information model), and functional components (functional model) that support it. Together, the four value streams play a vital role in helping IT control the service model as it advances through its lifecycle. The IT4IT Reference Architecture: • Provides prescriptive guidance on the specification of and interaction with a consistent service model backbone (common data model/context) • Supports real-world use-cases driven by the Digital Economy (e.g., Cloud-sourcing, Agile, DevOps, and service brokering) • Embraces and complements existing process frameworks and methodologies (e.g., ITIL®, CoBIT®, SAFe, and TOGAF®) by taking a data-focused implementation model perspective, essentially specifying an information model across the entire value chain The audience for this standard is: • IT Professionals who are responsible for delivering services in a way that is flexible, traceable, and cost-effective • IT Professionals / Practitioners who are focused on instrumenting the IT management landscape • IT Leaders who are concerned about their operating model • Enterprise Architects who are responsible for IT business transformation Topics covered include: • An introduction to the standard and the purpose of the IT4IT work • Key terminology of the standard • An introduction for executives and others introducing the IT Value Chain and IT4IT Reference Architecture concepts • IT4IT Core, which defines the structure of the IT4IT standard as well as the process and document structure used by the IT4IT standard • The Strategy to Portfolio (S2P) Value Stream • The Requirement to Deploy (R2D) Value Stream • The Request to Fulfill (R2F) Value Stream • The Detect to Correct (D2C) Value Stream • Background information on the standard.
The Open Group IT4IT Reference Architecture, Version 2.0, an Open Group Standard, provides a vendor-neutral, technology-agnostic, and industry-agnostic reference architecture for managing the business of IT. The Open Group IT4IT Reference Architecture standard comprises a reference architecture and a value chain-based operating model. The IT Value Chain has four value streams supported by a reference architecture to drive efficiency and agility. The four value streams are: Strategy to Portfolio Request to Fulfill Requirement to Deploy Detect to Correct Each IT Value Stream is centered on a key aspect of the service model, the essential data objects (information model), and functional components (functional model) that support it. Together, the four value streams play a vital role in helping IT control the service model as it advances through its lifecycle. The IT4IT Reference Architecture: Provides prescriptive guidance on the specification of and interaction with a consistent service model backbone (common data model/context) Supports real-world use-cases driven by the Digital Economy (e.g., Cloud-sourcing, Agile, DevOps, and service brokering) Embraces and complements existing process frameworks and methodologies (e.g., ITIL®, CoBIT®, SAFe, and TOGAF®) by taking a data-focused implementation model perspective, essentially specifying an information model across the entire value chain The audience for this standard is: IT Professionals who are responsible for delivering services in a way that is flexible, traceable, and cost-effective IT Professionals / Practitioners who are focused on instrumenting the IT management landscape IT Leaders who are concerned about their operating model Enterprise Architects who are responsible for IT business transformation Topics covered include: An introduction to the standard and the purpose of the IT4IT work Key terminology of the standard An introduction for executives and others introducing the IT Value Chain and IT4IT Reference Architecture concepts IT4IT Core, which defines the structure of the IT4IT standard as well as the process and document structure used by the IT4IT standard The Strategy to Portfolio (S2P) Value Stream The Requirement to Deploy (R2D) Value Stream The Request to Fulfill (R2F) Value Stream The Detect to Correct (D2C) Value Stream Background information on the standard.
Britain and the United States share a common language, a liberal and cultural heritage, and a democratic political system. They also have pronounced differences, for their economic, political, and social structures have developed in distinctive ways. This book compares and contrasts the historical course of the two countries and explores the significance of their similarities and differences over a period of two centuries. The book offers wide ranging and up-to-date analyses of such issues as industrialization and urbanization, democracy and politics, class and gender, and citizenship and welfare. With contributions from leading scholars in both countries, it will be an invaluable resource for classrooms and seminar study, appealing to students of both history and social science. Some of the essays are classic expositions of debates that resonate on both sides of the Atlantic. Others are exemplary pieces that signal new agendas for research. Contributors: Anthony Badger, Mark Clapson, J.C.D. Clark, Clive Emsley, Mary K. Geiter, H.J. Habakkuk, Jeffrey Haydu, Ira Katznelson, Leon S. Marshall, David Morgan, Ann Shola Orloff, Gretchen Ritter, S.B. Saul, Theda Skocpol, W.A. Speck, and David Ward.
This will help us customize your experience to showcase the most relevant content to your age group
Please select from below
Login
Not registered?
Sign up
Already registered?
Success – Your message will goes here
We'd love to hear from you!
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.