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Flavour Science

Chapter 46. Generation of Roast-Smelling Compounds Upon Extrusion

By: Tomas Davidek,Ondrej Novotny,Imre Blank

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Flavour Science

Chapter 46. Generation of Roast-Smelling Compounds Upon Extrusion

By: Tomas Davidek,Ondrej Novotny,Imre Blank

CAMOLA experiments with [U-13C6]-glucose were applied to study the formation of selected roast-smelling odorants, including 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), 2-acetyl-1(or 3),4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (2-ATHP), 2-propionyl-1-pyrroline (2-PP), and 2-propionyl-1(or 3),4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (2-PTHP), upon extrusion cooking of a model rice recipe. The results indicate that, under extrusion, the formation of these compounds follows similar pathways to those reported for dry- and wet-heated model systems. 2-AP is principally formed (i) by acylation of 1-pyrroline via C2 sugar fragments (major), and (ii) via ring opening of 1-pyrroline incorporating C3 sugar fragments (minor); 2-PP incorporates C3 sugar fragments, while 2-ATHP and 2-PTHP incorporate C3 and C4 sugar fragments, respectively.

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Page Count

9

Publisher

Elsevier Inc. Chapters

Published Date

ISBN 10

0128067349

ISBN 13

9780128067345

Reconstruction of Upper Cervical Spine and Craniovertebral Junction

By: Petr Suchomel,Ondrej Choutka

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Reconstruction of Upper Cervical Spine and Craniovertebral Junction

By: Petr Suchomel,Ondrej Choutka

An illustrative manual for general spine surgeons, this text atlas covers all currently available techniques of upper cervical spine and craniovertebral junction reconstruction. All the surgical risks and benefits are discussed and compared with the outcome of more than 300 surgeries of this region. The surgical procedures are demonstrated step-by-step in instructive drawings and illustrations describing the approach, technique of implant introduction and spine reconstruction. A special focus is on realtime and virtual navigation techniques as well as potential complications and their avoidance.

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Page Count

322

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

3642131581

ISBN 13

9783642131585