Low Temperature Chemical Nanofabrication: Recent Progress, Challenges and Emerging Technologies offers a thorough and theoretical background to nanoscale fabrication phenomena, also covering important practical applications. It covers the conventional top down and the newly emerging bottom up processing methods. The latter has proven to be feasible for obtaining device quality material and can either be performed using high or low temperature processing. Low temperature (?100 oC), in particular, is becoming increasingly used due to its simplicity and varied applications, with huge benefits for developing new devices and flexible non-conventional substrates. This important resource is ideal for researchers seeking to learn more about the fundamental theories related to nanoscale phenomena and nanofabrication. Provides extensive coverage of nanofabrication techniques, allowing researchers to learn different nanofabrication techniques Explores different applications for low-temperature chemical nanofabrication Cogently explains how low-temperature chemical nanofabrication differs from other nanofabrication techniques, assessing the pros and cons of each
Low Temperature Chemical Nanofabrication: Recent Progress, Challenges and Emerging Technologies offers a thorough and theoretical background to nanoscale fabrication phenomena, also covering important practical applications. It covers the conventional top down and the newly emerging bottom up processing methods. The latter has proven to be feasible for obtaining device quality material and can either be performed using high or low temperature processing. Low temperature (?100 oC), in particular, is becoming increasingly used due to its simplicity and varied applications, with huge benefits for developing new devices and flexible non-conventional substrates. This important resource is ideal for researchers seeking to learn more about the fundamental theories related to nanoscale phenomena and nanofabrication. Provides extensive coverage of nanofabrication techniques, allowing researchers to learn different nanofabrication techniques Explores different applications for low-temperature chemical nanofabrication Cogently explains how low-temperature chemical nanofabrication differs from other nanofabrication techniques, assessing the pros and cons of each
Mecca and Medina are the two sanctuaries of Islam, places which every Muslim dreams of visiting at least once in a lifetime. Mecca is believed to be the very first location of human settlement and it was the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him. The Ka'ba, found in Mecca, was raised by the Prophet Abraham from its foundations to become the direction of prayer for believers. Medina is the city in which Islamic civilization was centralized and flourished religiously, politically, and socially. Faruk Aksoy, a BBC cameraman, took hundreds of photographs of these blessed cities from the most spectacular angles. This album includes over 160 select pictures shot by Aksoy since 1980s. He provides for us a picturesque pilgrimage experience and gives us an opportunity to share in the blessings of a lifetime journey as we browse through the pages accompanied by inspirational text. Features: The Ka'ba and the Golden Gutter; The Prophet's Mosque and the Rawda; Cemeteries of Jannat al-Mualla and Jannat al-Baqi; Mount Nur; Mina, Mount Arafat.
Eritrea is located in northeast Africa on the Red Sea coast and boasts one of the oldest human settlements in the region. One-million-year-old human remains have been found in the Danakil Depression in the country, which is home to one of the oldest-written scripts in sub-Saharan Africa: Ge'ez. Eritrea was also pioneer in multi-party democracy in Africa and had a democratic constitution based on United Nations principles in 1952. But it is also home to one of the earliest armed liberation movements in Africa - a conflict that Mohamed Kheir Omer witnessed firsthand, having grown up in Eritrea as a member of the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF). In this book, he traces the history of the country, exploring how ethnicity, religion, geography, colonialism, and other factors have shaped its fate - and what must be done to ensure its people enjoy a brighter future. The history of Eritrea is similar to others on the continent, and its people continue to struggle to build a just, democratic, and inclusive country.
Since 9/11, terrorism has been at the forefront of global politics and international relations. This edition brings this comprehensive compilation of international law documents relating to terrorism up to date.
Image Processing with MATLAB: Applications in Medicine and Biology explains complex, theory-laden topics in image processing through examples and MATLAB algorithms. It describes classical as well emerging areas in image processing and analysis. Providing many unique MATLAB codes and functions throughout, the book covers the theory of probability an
Exploring one of the five essential pillars of Islam, this guide to zakat explains how this Muslim practice plays a key role in preserving a peaceful economic balance within a Muslim society and how it encourages individuals to share with the less fortunate. This book is a must for Muslims who seek to observe this obligation fully and can also serve as a resource for non-Muslims as a comprehensive manual for one of its cornerstone features.
This book examines how Turkey’s ruling party, the Justice and Development Party (AKP), under the leadership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan produces and employs necropolitical narratives in order to perpetuate its authoritarian rule. In doing so, the book argues that as the party transitioned from socially conservative Muslim democratic values to authoritarian Islamism, it embraced a necropolitical narrative based on the promotion of martyrdom, and of killing and dying for the Turkish nation and Islam, as part of their authoritarian legitimation. This narrative, the book shows, is used by the party to legitimise its actions and deflect its failures through the framing of the deaths of Turkish soldiers and civilians, which have occurred due to the AKP’s political errors, as martyrdom events in which loyal servants of the Turkish Republic and God gave their lives in order to protect the nation in a time of great crisis. This book also describes how, throughout its second decade in power, the AKP has used Turkey’s education system, its Directorate of Religious Affairs, and television programs in order to propagate its necropolitical martyrdom narrative.
In Imagining the Kibbutz, Ranen Omer-Sherman explores the literary and cinematic representations of the socialist experiment that became history’s most successfully sustained communal enterprise. Inspired in part by the kibbutz movement’s recent commemoration of its centennial, this study responds to a significant gap in scholarship. Numerous sociological and economic studies have appeared, but no book-length study has ever addressed the tremendous range of critically imaginative portrayals of the kibbutz. This diachronic study addresses novels, short fiction, memoirs, and cinematic portrayals of the kibbutz by both kibbutz “insiders” (including those born and raised there, as well as those who joined the kibbutz as immigrants or migrants from the city) and “outsiders.” For these artists, the kibbutz is a crucial microcosm for understanding Israeli values and identity. The central drama explored in their works is the monumental tension between the individual and the collective, between individual aspiration and ideological rigor, between self-sacrifice and self-fulfillment. Portraying kibbutz life honestly demands retaining at least two oppositional things in mind at once—the absolute necessity of euphoric dreaming and the mellowing inevitability of disillusionment. As such, these artists’ imaginative witnessing of the fraught relation between the collective and the citizen-soldier is the story of Israel itself.
This book describes and explains the meaning of the essential articles of faith and basic forms of worship in Islam. The narration is enriched with relevant essays from prominent scholars. in addition to the answers given to the frequently asked questions, the author uses different allegories and metaphors in order to clarify his points. Perfect for young readers, the book presents the basic framework of understanding and reasoning of the Islamic faith.
Omer Bartov, a leading scholar of the Wehrmacht and the Holocaust, provides a critical analysis of various recent ways to understand the genocidal policies of the Nazi regime and the reconstruction of German and Jewish identities in the wake of World War II. Germany's War and the Holocaust both deepens our understanding of a crucial period in history and serves as an invaluable introduction to the vast body of literature in the field of Holocaust studies.Drawing on his background as a military historian to probe the nature of German warfare, Bartov considers the postwar myth of army resistance to Hitler and investigates the image of Blitzkrieg as a means to glorify war, debilitate the enemy, and hide the realities of mass destruction. The author also addresses several new analyses of the roots and nature of Nazi extermination policies, including revisionist views of the concentration camps. Finally, Bartov examines some paradigmatic interpretations of the Nazi period and its aftermath: the changing American, European, and Israeli discourses on the Holocaust; Victor Klemperer's view of Nazi Germany from within; and Germany's perception of its own victimhood.
Mirrors of Destruction examines the relationship between total war, state-organized genocide, and the emergence of modern identity. Here, Omer Bartov demonstrates that in the twentieth century there have been intimate links between military conflict, mass murder of civilian populations, and the definition and categorization of groups and individuals. These connections were most clearly manifested in the Holocaust, as the Nazis attempted to exterminate European Jewry under cover of a brutal war and with the stated goal of creating a racially pure Aryan population and Germanic empire. The Holocaust, however, can only be understood within the context of the century's predilection for applying massive and systematic methods of destruction to resolve conflicts over identity. To provide the context for the "Final Solution," Bartov examines the changing relationships between Jews and non-Jews in France and Germany from the outbreak of World War I to the present. Rather than presenting a comprehensive history, or a narrative from a single perspective, Bartov views the past century through four interrelated prisms. He begins with an analysis of the glorification of war and violence, from its modern birth in the trenches of World War I to its horrifying culmination in the presentation of genocide by the SS as a glorious undertaking. He then examines the pacifist reaction in interwar France to show how it contributed to a climate of collaboration with dictatorship and mass murder. The book goes on to argue that much of the discourse on identity throughout the century has had to do with identifying and eliminating society's "elusive enemies" or "enemies from within." Bartov concludes with an investigation of modern apocalyptic visions, showing how they have both encouraged mass destructions and opened a way for the reconstruction of individual and collective identifies after a catastrophe. Written with verve, Mirrors of Destruction is rich in interpretations and theoretical tools and provides a new framework for understanding a central trait of modern history.
Over the last seven decades, since the formation of the State of Israel, there has been no shortage of Jews and Arabs desiring peace in Israel-Palestine (the Holy Land). Most peacemaking attempts failed because the parties did not see peace as a win-win deal. The prevailing mantra in this conflict is win-lose or no deal. Today, the Palestinians are not willing to make a deal with the Israeli Jews because they perceive that a deal with the Israeli Jews means the Palestinians will lose. Also, the Israelis are not willing to make a deal with the Palestinian Arabs because they perceive that a deal with the Palestinian Arabs means the Israelis will lose. There are also other geopolitical factors affecting this conflict. This conflict is gradually shifting toward a battle fueled by people relying on religious texts to prolong the struggle.
This book discusses some of the most urgent current debates over the study, commemoration, and politicization of the Holocaust through key critical perspectives. Omer Bartov adeptly assesses the tensions between Holocaust and genocide studies, which have repeatedly both enriched and clashed with each other, whilst convincingly arguing for the importance of local history and individual testimony in grasping the nature of mass murder. He goes on to critically examine how legal discourse has served to both uncover and deny individual and national complicity. Genocide, the Holocaust and Israel-Palestine outlines how first-person histories provide a better understanding of events otherwise perceived as inexplicable and, lastly, draws on the author's own personal trajectory to consider links between the fate of Jews in World War II and the plight of Palestinians during and in the aftermath of the establishment of the state of Israel. Bartov demonstrates that these five perspectives, rarely if ever previously discussed in a single book, are inextricably linked, and shed much light on each other. Thus the Holocaust and other genocides must be seen as related catastrophes in the modern era; understanding such vast human tragedies necessitates scrutinizing them on the local and personal scale; this in turn calls for historical empathy, accomplished via personal-biographical introspection; and true, open-minded, and rigorous introspection, without which historical understanding tends toward obfuscation, brings to light uncomfortable yet clarifying connections, such as that between the Holocaust and the Nakba, the mass flight and expulsion of the Palestinians in 1948.
As the Cold War followed on the heels of the Second World War, as the Nuremburg Trials faded in the shadow of the Iron Curtain, both the Germans and the West were quick to accept the idea that Hitler's army had been no SS, no Gestapo, that it was a professional force little touched by Nazi politics. But in this compelling account Omer Bartov reveals a very different history, as he probes the experience of the average soldier to show just how thoroughly Nazi ideology permeated the army. In Hitler's Army, Bartov focuses on the titanic struggle between Germany and the Soviet Union--where the vast majority of German troops fought--to show how the savagery of war reshaped the army in Hitler's image. Both brutalized and brutalizing, these soldiers needed to see their bitter sacrifices as noble patriotism and to justify their own atrocities by seeing their victims as subhuman. In the unprecedented ferocity and catastrophic losses of the Eastrn front, he writes, soldiers embraced the idea that the war was a defense of civilization against Jewish/Bolshevik barbarism, a war of racial survival to be waged at all costs. Bartov describes the incredible scale and destruction of the invasion of Russia in horrific detail. Even in the first months--often depicted as a time of easy victories--undermanned and ill-equipped German units were stretched to the breaking point by vast distances and bitter Soviet resistance. Facing scarce supplies and enormous casualties, the average soldier sank to ta a primitive level of existence, re-experiencing the trench warfare of World War I under the most extreme weather conditions imaginable; the fighting itself was savage, and massacres of prisoners were common. Troops looted food and supplies from civilians with wild abandon; they mercilessly wiped out villages suspected of aiding partisans. Incredible losses led to recruits being thrown together in units that once had been filled with men from the same communities, making Nazi ideology even more important as a binding force. And they were further brutalized by a military justice system that executed almost 15,000 German soldiers during the war. Bartov goes on to explore letters, diaries, military reports, and other sources, showing how widespread Hitler's views became among common fighting men--men who grew up, he reminds us, under the Nazi regime. In the end, they truly became Hitler's army. In six years of warfare, the vast majority of German men passed through the Wehrmacht and almost every family had a relative who fought in the East. Bartov's powerful new account of how deeply Nazi ideology penetrated the army sheds new light on how deeply it penetrated the nation. Hitler's Army makes an important correction not merely to the historical record but to how we see the world today.
This book investigates the accounts of six European non-Muslims who managed to secretly visit the cities of Makkah and Madinah and to record their travels as well as impressions. The protagonists were Ludovico di Varthema from Italy, Vincent le Blanc from France, Joseph Pitts from England, Ali Bey el Abbassi (Domenec Francese Jordi Badia i Leblich) from Spain, John Lewis Burckhardt from Switzerland, and Richard Francis Burton from England. The six men performed their feats in their capacities as adventurers, explorers, soldiers, and spies. One yet was a slave. The visits spanned a period of three and a half centuries, from 1503 as the time of the first visit by Ludovico di Varthema, to 1853 as the time of the visit by Richard Francis Burton. The period covered was perhaps one of the most dramatic periods in the history of the Hijaz region in particular, and also in the history of Islam-West (Orient-Occident) relations, in general. The visits and the travellers' accounts reveal much about challenges faced by Islamic culture and civilization in early modem times. Those challenges pertained to the rise of Western civilization and its imperialistic tendencies, modernization, radical anti-Islamic polemics, the waning of Islamic civilization, and Muslim schism.
Based largely upon unpublished sources, Omer Bartov's study looks closely at the background of the German army on the Eastern Front during the Second World War. He describes the physical hardship, the discipline and morale at the front, and analyses the social, educational and political background of the junior officers who formed the backbone of the German army. Only with these factors in mind - together with the knowledge of the extent of National Socialist indoctrination - can we begin to explain the criminal activities of the German army in Russia and the extent of involvement of the army in the execution of Hitler's brutal policies.
An investigation of what consolidating religion as a technology of peacebuilding and development does to people's accounts of their religious and cultural traditions and why interreligious peacebuilding entrenches colonial legacies in the present. Throughout the global south, local and international organizations are frequent participants in peacebuilding projects that focus on interreligious dialogue. Yet as Atalia Omer argues in Decolonizing Religion and Peacebuilding, the effects of their efforts are often perverse, reinforcing neocolonial practices and disempowering local religious actors. Based on empirical research of inter and intra-religious peacebuilding practices in Kenya and the Philippines, Omer identifies two paradoxical findings: first, religious peacebuilding practices are both empowering and depoliticizing and, second, more doing of religion does not necessarily denote deeper or more critical religious literacy. Further, she shows that these religious actors generate decolonial openings regardless of how closed or open their religious communities are. Hence, religion's occasional usefulness in peacebuilding does not necessarily mean justice-oriented outcomes. The book not only uses decolonial and intersectional prisms to expose the entrenched and ongoing colonial dynamics operative in religion and the practices of peacebuilding and development in the global South, but it also speaks to decolonial theory through stories of transformation and survival.
This book examines the development of Kurdish political economy and the emergence of collective Kurdish identity within a historical context through three main periods: the late-Ottoman Empire, the initial Republican Turkey era, and then the post-1990s period. It relates historical developments to the dynamics of Kurdish society, including the anthropological realities of the nineteenth century through the moral economy frame, the evolving nature of nationalism in the early twentieth century and the more recent construction of a modern political Kurdishness by means of radical democracy, and an agonistic pluralism shaped by left-wing populism.
Since 9/11, terrorism has been at the forefront of global politics and international relations. This new edition has been thoroughly updated and provides a comprehensive compilation of international law documents relating to terrorism. Covering the main instruments passed by the United Nations, regional organizations and the State practice of the US and the UK on the issue of combating terrorism in one handy volume, it covers the most recent instruments in the field of combating terrorism, such as: the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism the Financial Action Task Force Revised Forty Recommendations on Money Laundering the Special Recommendations on Money Laundering the Special Recommendations on Terrorist Financing. The collection is introduced by the authors with an explanation of the salient issues relating to terrorism and proposals on how it can be combated. International Law Documents Relating to Terrorism provides, in a single text, all the basic documents in international law relating to terrorism, paying particular attention to the Lockerbie bombing case and the developments since 9/11.
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