Two very topical research questions are addressed in this book: Which are the determinants of new business formation and their survival, and will business start-ups, especially in the service sector, create employment and thereby generate growth? The analysis is based on a unique dataset consisting of the population of all businesses with at least one employee under social security in Germany in all private industries (manufacturing and services).
The current, unprecedented loss of global biodiversity resulting from anthropogenic interference in the world's ecosystems is affecting human well-being across the globe with increasing severity. This book examines two issues that are at the center of the public discussion on biodiversity. It examines whether genetic information derived from biodiversity can be used to create incentives to preserve biodiversity. Then, it examines whether establishing protected areas can be accomplished on an international level by using transfer payments.
A complete update of the highly acclaimed handbook with data on all neurotransmitters and the majority of neuromodulators. The coverage is now even more comprehensive, with 15% more entries on neuropeptides, "classic" neurotransmitters and related substances in a clear, alphabetical format. The methodological section has been expanded by 50% and now includes color figures, plus new chapters on genomics, proteomics, databases, microarrays, MALDI-TOF, neutrophins, FGF, endocannabinoids and neuroimaging. The text provides clearly structured information on the biosynthesis and degradation, localization, receptors, signal transduction pathways, and biological effects in the central nervous system, with all substances uniformly treated for an easy comparison of data. Furthermore, introductory chapters on receptors, transporters, and the blood-brain barrier make this an indispensable tool for researchers, teachers, and advanced students, as well as a must-have for every neuroscientist.
Studien zur Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der Turkvölker was founded in 1980 by the Hungarian Turkologist György Hazai. The series deals with all aspects of Turkic language, culture and history, and has a broad temporal and regional scope. It welcomes manuscripts on Central, Northern, Western and Eastern Asia as well as parts of Europe, and allows for a wide time span from the first mention in the 6th century to modernity and present.
Markov processes are processes that have limited memory. In particular, their dependence on the past is only through the previous state. They are used to model the behavior of many systems including communications systems, transportation networks, image segmentation and analysis, biological systems and DNA sequence analysis, random atomic motion and diffusion in physics, social mobility, population studies, epidemiology, animal and insect migration, queueing systems, resource management, dams, financial engineering, actuarial science, and decision systems. Covering a wide range of areas of application of Markov processes, this second edition is revised to highlight the most important aspects as well as the most recent trends and applications of Markov processes. The author spent over 16 years in the industry before returning to academia, and he has applied many of the principles covered in this book in multiple research projects. Therefore, this is an applications-oriented book that also includes enough theory to provide a solid ground in the subject for the reader. - Presents both the theory and applications of the different aspects of Markov processes - Includes numerous solved examples as well as detailed diagrams that make it easier to understand the principle being presented - Discusses different applications of hidden Markov models, such as DNA sequence analysis and speech analysis.
Presents an important and unique introduction to random walk theory Random walk is a stochastic process that has proven to be a useful model in understanding discrete-state discrete-time processes across a wide spectrum of scientific disciplines. Elements of Random Walk and Diffusion Processes provides an interdisciplinary approach by including numerous practical examples and exercises with real-world applications in operations research, economics, engineering, and physics. Featuring an introduction to powerful and general techniques that are used in the application of physical and dynamic processes, the book presents the connections between diffusion equations and random motion. Standard methods and applications of Brownian motion are addressed in addition to Levy motion, which has become popular in random searches in a variety of fields. The book also covers fractional calculus and introduces percolation theory and its relationship to diffusion processes. With a strong emphasis on the relationship between random walk theory and diffusion processes, Elements of Random Walk and Diffusion Processes features: Basic concepts in probability, an overview of stochastic and fractional processes, and elements of graph theory Numerous practical applications of random walk across various disciplines, including how to model stock prices and gambling, describe the statistical properties of genetic drift, and simplify the random movement of molecules in liquids and gases Examples of the real-world applicability of random walk such as node movement and node failure in wireless networking, the size of the Web in computer science, and polymers in physics Plentiful examples and exercises throughout that illustrate the solution of many practical problems Elements of Random Walk and Diffusion Processes is an ideal reference for researchers and professionals involved in operations research, economics, engineering, mathematics, and physics. The book is also an excellent textbook for upper-undergraduate and graduate level courses in probability and stochastic processes, stochastic models, random motion and Brownian theory, random walk theory, and diffusion process techniques.
The term vitamin E describes a family of eight antioxidants, four tocopherols, alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-, and four tocotrienols (also alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-). Alpha-tocopherol is the only form of vitamin E that is actively maintained in the human body and is therefore, the form of vitamin E found in the largest quantities in the blood and tissue (1). Alpha-tocopherol is the form of vitamin E that appears to have the greatest nutritional significance. This volume presents leading-edge research in this important field.
Stories of the British airmen shot down over Western Europe who evaded capture by the Germans and made their way to Allied territory during World War II. During the five years from May 1940 to May 1945 several thousand Allied airmen, forced to abandon their aircraft behind enemy lines, evaded capture and reached freedom, by land, sea and air. The territory held by the Germans was immense—from Norway and Denmark in the north, through Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg to the south of France—and initially there was no organization to help the men on the run. The first one to assist the evaders and escapers (“E & E” as the Americans called them) was the PAT line, along the Mediterranean coast to Perpignan and down the Spanish border; named after a naval officer Pat O’Leary, from 1942 it became the PAO line. Next was the Comet line, from Brussels to the Pyrenees. Thousands of brave people were to be involved for whom, if caught, the penalty was death. Theirs is a stirring and awe-inspiring story. Respected historian Oliver Clutton-Brock has researched in depth this secret world of evasion, uncovering some treachery and many hitherto unpublished details, operations and photos. It is a tremendous reference work, written in his own colorful style with numerous anecdotes, which fills a gap of knowledge formerly unavailable to historians, professional or amateur. Packed the information, key figure biographies and listings—2, 094 evaders identified—this is a valuable testimony to the courage of all those involved.
Altaic Studies deal with a group of languages (and respective cultures) that show obvious similarities: Turkic, Mongol and Manchu-Tungus. Whether they are really related or whether they just influenced each other remains a matter of scholarly discussion. The Permanent International Altaistic Conference (PIAC) was established in 1957 as a working group to further research on this issue. Annual meetings have since been taking place in different countries, and the respective proceedings offer a wealth of information on the Altaic languages and cultures. The 2016 meeting took place at Ardahan, Turkey, a new and modern university close to the borders of Georgia and Armenia; it covered a wide range of subjects of which a peer-reviewed selection is published in the present volume. The papers deal with an Old Turkic inscription, the Bâbur-nâma (memoirs of Bâbur), Crimean history, Uighur calligraphy, the modern role of the Kazakh language, the ancestor cult in Turkic traditions, administrative and state concepts in the 18th century Chinese imperial pentaglot dictionary (which includes Turki), an appreciation of Denis Sinor (1916-2011), celebrated Altaist and for many years secretary general of the PIAC, the publishing projects of the outstanding Lamaist scholar and politician Lalitavajra (Rol-pa'i rdo-rje) and several poetic travelogues in Mongolia. The editors are members of the PIAC: Barbara Kellner-Heinkele is Prof. emer. of Turkic Studies (Free University of Berlin) and secretary general of the PIAC, Oliver Corff is an independent scholar of Chinese Studies, Hartmut Walravens is retired from his positions at the Berlin State Library and as Director of the worldwide ISBN system.
Tailored to the needs of medicinal and natural products chemists, the second edition of this unique handbook brings the contents up to speed, almost doubling the amount of chemical information with an additional volume. As in the predecessor, a short introductory section covers the theoretical background and evaluates currently available instrumentation and equipment. The main part of the book then goes on to systematically survey the complete range of published microwave-assisted synthesis methods from their beginnings in the 1990s to mid-2011, drawing on data from more than 5,000 reports and publications. Throughout, the focus is on those reactions, reagents and reaction conditions that work, and that are the most relevant for medicinal and natural products chemistry. A much expanded section is devoted to combinatorial, highthroughput and flow chemistry methods.
The volume contains entries for paintings in the National gallery that were produced in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries by artists from the Netherlands. The entries are arranged alphabetically by artist; a short biography and bibliography for each artist is followed by individual entries on the paintings, each in order of acquisition. The authors address traditional questions of attributes and iconography; in addition, they examine the social, economic, and religious context in which the individual work of art functioned. The volume is also probable the first museum catalogue to include the results of examination by infrared reflectography and dendrochronological analysis.
Supplies an in-depth commentary on EU media law, with detailed analysis of all important legislation and court decisions. It leads European lawyers with vast knowledge and practical experience of media law provide detailed expert commentary.
This book provides the solid foundation of knowledge therapists need to safely and accurately treat musculoskeletal disorders of the spine. It presents a comprehensive view of applied functional anatomy and biomechanics of the whole spine, examining normal and abnormal function of the spine, the response of tissues to injury, and the effects of age-related changes. Thoroughly referenced and extensively illustrated with over 200 original, high-quality diagrams, it serves as an excellent resource for clinical decision making. The 2nd edition explores several areas in greater depth - including the sacroiliac joint, thoracic biomechanics, muscles - and reviews recent papers and the scientific evidence of functional anatomy. Accessory and physiological spinal movements are thoroughly described. Palpation is covered in detail. Numerous guidelines for safe practice are provided. A valuable, comprehensive chapter covers posture, lifting, and the prevention of injury. Coverage of applied anatomy and biomechanics is written by therapists for therapists. New theories on thoracic biomechanics are presented, rarely covered by other anatomy books. All topics have been updated to reflect recent scientific evidence, enabling the reader to more effectively formulate and manage treatment plans. New illustrations to complement the text and improve readers' understanding of the material. A one-of-a-kind chapter covering the sacroiliac joint has been comprehensively revised. Expanded material is provided on the autonomic nervous system, thoracic spine biomechanics, and the biomechanics of the lower limb as it relates to the spine. New sections address adverse neural tension, cervical discs, proprioception and muscle imbalance, and mechanics of the jaw and upper cervical spine. An update on vertebral artery and blood supply presents the latest knowledge on the subject.
Two very topical research questions are addressed in this book: Which are the determinants of new business formation and their survival, and will business start-ups, especially in the service sector, create employment and thereby generate growth? The analysis is based on a unique dataset consisting of the population of all businesses with at least one employee under social security in Germany in all private industries (manufacturing and services).
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