Biomedical Chemistry provides readers with an understanding of how fundamental chemical concepts are used to combat some diseases. The authors explain the interdisciplinary relationship of chemistry with biology, physics, pharmacy and medicine. The results of chemical research can be applied to understand chemical processes in cells and in the body, and new methods for drug transportation. Also, basic chemical ideas and determination of disease etiology are approached by developing techniques to ensure optimum interaction between drugs and human cells. This Book is an excellent resource for students and researchers in health-related fields with frontier topics in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry, organic chemistry and biochemistry.
The Manueline: Portuguese Art during the Great Discoveries reveals the splendours of an era that skilfully brought Portugal into the Modern Age. Alongside the formidable adventures of the Great Maritime Discoveries, King Manuel I (1469–1521) included the related fields of both Church and State in artistic activities that were without precedent. What resulted was a style which was not only historically unique, but which was perfectly emblematic of its country of origin and of the monarch after which it was named. Fourteen itineraries invite you to discover 182 museums, monuments and sites in 60 locations.
From Babylon to the Silicon Valley—The Origins and Evolution of Intellectual Property A Sourcebook Nuno Pires de Carvalho At its core, intellectual property today is the same as it was six thousand years ago: an instrument for the assertion of the identities of merchants and manufacturers in their struggle to lure customers with honesty and fairness. It arises spontaneously whenever and wherever entrepreneurs carry out their professions in an environment of competition. This masterful book, the first of its kind, presents more than two hundred sources going back to ancient Egypt, sharply detailing the evolution of intellectual property right up to its current prominence in global trade and international law. Highlighting important moments in the evolution of the intellectual property, the author—one of the world’s best known authorities in the field—assembles his chosen sources in a way that sheds definitive light on such aspects as the following: early origins in the appropriation of differentiating assets by merchants and manufacturers; evolution of trademark law up to the adoption of the TRIPS Agreement; evolution of patent law, demonstrating in detail how English and U.S. courts moulded its modern interpretation; differentiation of industrial designs; the comparatively modern development of trade secrets law; origins and evolution of international protection through treaties and free trade agreements; and the prodigious expansion of intellectual property law in the past few decades to previously unprotected areas of business and professional activity. The sources—many translated into English for the first time—are preceded when appropriate by brief notes explaining their context and relevance. The book closes with a chapter on contemporary debates, such as new areas of protection and new social controversies. As a compilation of sources that would be otherwise unavailable to most readers, this factual and impartial account of why and how intellectual property has emerged and evolved is a treasure trove for all those interested in how the imperatives of civilization have designed and continue to design the scope and the limits of intellectual property. The book will be warmly welcomed by practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of their working tools, as well as by academics, government officials, and relevant international organizations around the world.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the United States has enjoyed unparalleled military power. The international system is therefore unipolar. A quarter of a century later, however, we still possess no theory of unipolarity. Theory of Unipolar Politics provides one. Dr Nuno P. Monteiro answers three of the most important questions about the workings of a unipolar world. Is it durable? Is it peaceful? What is the best grand strategy a unipolar power such as the contemporary United States can implement? In our nuclear world, the power preponderance of the United States is potentially durable but likely to produce frequent conflict. Furthermore, in order to maintain its power preponderance, the United States must remain militarily engaged in the world and accommodate the economic growth of its major competitors, namely, China. This strategy, however, will lead Washington to wage war frequently. In sum, military power preponderance brings significant benefits but is not an unalloyed good.
This book presents a new methodology with reduced time impact to address the problem of analog integrated circuit (IC) yield estimation by means of Monte Carlo (MC) analysis, inside an optimization loop of a population-based algorithm. The low time impact on the overall optimization processes enables IC designers to perform yield optimization with the most accurate yield estimation method, MC simulations using foundry statistical device models considering local and global variations. The methodology described by the authors delivers on average a reduction of 89% in the total number of MC simulations, when compared to the exhaustive MC analysis over the full population. In addition to describing a newly developed yield estimation technique, the authors also provide detailed background on automatic analog IC sizing and optimization.
In articles for the newspaper O Brado Africano in the mid-1950s, poet and journalist José Craveirinha described the ways in which the Mozambican football players in the suburbs of Lourenço Marques (now Maputo) adapted the European sport to their own expressive ends. Through gesture, footwork, and patois, they used what Craveirinha termed “malice”—or cunning—to negotiate their places in the colonial state. “These manifestations demand a vast study,” Craveirinha wrote, “which would lead to a greater knowledge of the black man, of his problems, of his clashes with European civilization, in short, to a thorough treatise of useful and instructive ethnography.” In Football and Colonialism, Nuno Domingos accomplishes that study. Ambitious and meticulously researched, the work draws upon an array of primary sources, including newspapers, national archives, poetry and songs, and interviews with former footballers. Domingos shows how local performances and popular culture practices became sites of an embodied history of Mozambique. The work will break new ground for scholars of African history and politics, urban studies, popular culture, and gendered forms of domination and resistance.
The Nature and command of the available forces; inter-organizational coordination; coherence between politics, strategy, operations and tactics; and finally, time. Wellington, Spínola and Petraeus led the effort of vast civilian and military teams that, at different periods of history and in distinct geographical settings, had the opportunity to apply a holistic command using, to varying degrees, the above four dimensions. What they achieved from the experiences they led, and the doctrines they used, from what the reality on the ground showed to them and from the concurrent political decisions that were imposed on them, limiting their own political and strategic action, is all an important part of this comprehensive study. By studying the applicability in the situations of Wellington, Spínola and Petraeus, it was possible to extrapolate a general theory about the holistic command of war. One that is masterfully presented for discussion in this work.
This preeminent work has proven the best practical commentary on the TRIPS agreement related to patents and test data. This fifth edition, in which the author has revised the whole text and updated various arguments, continues to articulate with unmatched clarity the specific steps that a government or a company must take, in a wide variety of possible contexts, to ensure that its patent-related obligations under TRIPS are met. The presentation is arranged in an article-by-article format, following the TRIPS Agreement itself as it relates to patents and test data. In this way, the author’s incisive analysis covers every issue likely to arise in today’s patent and test data administrative and legal practice, including the following: ·significance of the recent entry into force of Article 31bis; · developments in enforcement of patent rights in the context of competition law; · the potential effects of Brexit and the new protectionist inclination of US trade policy; · expanded commentary on trade secrets and test data under Article 39; · alternate ways to transpose TRIPS obligations into national law; and · standards of intellectual property protection as a bargaining chip in international trade. The TRIPS Agreement has a direct impact on the daily activities of corporations, governments, and consumers. This book contains a very practical explanation of the meaning of the patent-related TRIPS provisions, how they should be reflected in national law, and how courts are expected to enforce them. For these reasons and more, the Fifth Edition is a crucially important resource for patent and public health lawyers seeking compliance as well as for government officials charged with the implementation of TRIPS obligations.
Expert Systems, Robots and Vision Systems, Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks Proceedings of the 7th Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence, held in Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal, October 1995
This new monograph on maritime delimitation by Dr. Nuno Antunes is based on a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Durham. The work is one of legal, political and technical analysis of an aspect of the law of the sea that is of current interest in all regions of the world.
Niagrin Campus não passava de um adolescente normal com algumas divergências familiares até que um estranho evento altera o rumo da sua vida, para sempre.Perdido numa aldeia de aspecto medieval, Niagrin encontra-se com uma rapariga local que juntamente como seu avô, apresenta-lhe uma nova realidade, um novo mundo, Niagrin depara-se com a existência de uns cristais mágicos com poderes ilimitados, capazes de dominar tudo o que anda sobre o solo, num remoto reino governado por uma cruel e implacável feiticeira. É a ele que é incumbida a missão de salvar aquelas terras de todo o mal.Por entre extensos vales, florestas incríveis, cidades maravilhosas e desertos áridos, Niagrin e os seus companheiros tentam ao máximo travar o avanço do mal e impedir que a população daquele reino seja eternamente envolvida pelas forças da terrível feiticeira.Mergulhe nas terras do Reino das Lágrimas com Niagrin, numa narração recheada de aventura, emoção, fantasia e romance.
Biomedical Chemistry provides readers with an understanding of how fundamental chemical concepts are used to combat some diseases. The authors explain the interdisciplinary relationship of chemistry with biology, physics, pharmacy and medicine. The results of chemical research can be applied to understand chemical processes in cells and in the body, and new methods for drug transportation. Also, basic chemical ideas and determination of disease etiology are approached by developing techniques to ensure optimum interaction between drugs and human cells. This Book is an excellent resource for students and researchers in health-related fields with frontier topics in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry, organic chemistry and biochemistry.
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this book provides ready access to how the legal dimension of prevention against harm and loss allocation is treated in Portugal. This traditional branch of law not only tackles questions which concern every lawyer, whatever his legal expertise, but also concerns each person’s most fundamental rights on a worldwide scale. Following a general introduction that probes the distinction between tort and crime and the relationship between tort and contract, the monograph describes how the concepts of fault and unlawfulness, and of duty of care and negligence, are dealt with in both the legislature and the courts. The book then proceeds to cover specific cases of liability, such as professional liability, liability of public bodies, abuse of rights, injury to reputation and privacy, vicarious liability, liability of parents and teachers, liability for handicapped persons, product liability, environmental liability, and liability connected with road and traffic accidents. Principles of causation, grounds of justification, limitations on recovery, assessment of damages and compensation, and the role of private insurance and social security are all closely considered. Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable resource for lawyers Portugal. Academics and researchers will also welcome this very useful guide, and will appreciate its value not only as a contribution to comparative law but also as a stimulus to harmonization of the rules on tort.
Of the around 20 biennials and triennials worldwide devoted to architecture, the Venice Architecture Biennale is the most prominent, considered as the world's leading biannual architecture festival. The participating architects selected every second year come from around the world to engage in the most important information exchange in the world of architecture. Aires Mateus Architects is the architectural practice operated by two brothers, Manuel and Francisco Aires Mateus. They have been invited five times to participate in Venice. This publication will introduce the five architectural installations they contributed to the biennales in the last decade. The publication consists of five individual parts, each of them a separate book, and held together by a French-fold-dustjacket. Each book is dedicated to one exhibition in Venice. The beautiful projects presented in this volume set an outstanding example of architectural installations reflecting space in a sensitive, poetic and mathematical way. Over the last three decades, Aires Mateus have gained international recognition for their contemporary reinterpretation of architectural traditions in Portugal. Their work is poetic in nature, and much of it is based on constant exploration and experimentation. Their abstract architectural installations are the artistic manifestation of this work. VOIDS: The first time Aires Mateus presented Portugal at the Venice Biennale was in 2010. The show was curated by Kazuyo Sejima from Sanaa, the first woman ever to work as chief curator of the Venice Architecture biennale. Aires Mateus' installation "VOID" was strikingly simple, as their minimalistic architecture often is. An entire room in the Central Pavilion in the Giardini was filled with abstract models of Aires Mateus' projects. Their installation investigated the extraction of volumes, connecting positive building forms with corresponding negative space. This relationship between positive and negative spaces has always existed inherently, but rarely been so clearly and understandably articulated. RADIX: In 2012, the installation took the form of a single large sculpture which greeted the visitors in the Arsenale area. The open and closed arches of "Radix", a steel structure clad with rusting steel panels on the outside and with a golden finish on the inside, could be perceived as a continuation of the arches of the shipyards in the docks of the Venice Arsenale. Despite the heavy steel construction, the arches of the pseudo-rectangular block and the brownish and golden color has a light appearance; it is as if it were made of wood. The arches are supported at three points, with the main arch overhanging the docks. FENDA: In 2016 the participation again took the form of an installation, but this time the visitors could enter a beautifully illuminated, mysterious cube, with which the architects symbolically marked the return to the essence of space. Space was considered from the perspective of its relationship with the human, that is anthropologically. The installation served as a reminder that this is still the essential value of architecture. FENDA is a cube with outside dimensions of 7x7x4 meters. The visitor enters by opening a black curtain, and passes through a one-meter-thick concrete wall to enter. Inside, one finds oneself in a kind of cave. The slit of light from the entrance opens and closes the visitor's path, changing the scale and perception of space. FIELD: Though it is another beautiful sculpture, this installation differs from the others: this time, one cannot enter the installation, one can only look inside. The book cover shows one of the views that the visitor can glimpse. The curators described this work as a sensitive, poetic and mathematical reflection on space. What the visitor perceives, the smell, colors and texture, remind of nature. Subtle textures or spots of color emerge from the dark under a diffuse and warm light, evoking the beauty of controlled landscapes and blurring the limits between natural and artificial. GROUND: the upcoming exhibition at this year's biennale will again ... Every installation will be introduced with a short essay, especially written by philosophers, architects, and an art critic for this publication. With contributions by Francisco and Manuel Aires Mateus, Ricardo Carvalho, Nuno Crespo, Sofia Pinto Basto, Paulo Pires Basto, and Delfim Sardo.
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