The convergence of two powerful technologies-wireless and the Internet-through IPv4/v6 protocol has led to emergence of next-generation networks (NGNs). NGN is no more a network of mere computers but a connected conglomeration of varied networks with diverse physical properties, with a plethora of network elements, along with a variety of real-time
In articles for the newspaper O Brado Africano in the mid-1950s, poet and journalist José Craveirinha described the ways in which the Mozambican football players in the suburbs of Lourenço Marques (now Maputo) adapted the European sport to their own expressive ends. Through gesture, footwork, and patois, they used what Craveirinha termed “malice”—or cunning—to negotiate their places in the colonial state. “These manifestations demand a vast study,” Craveirinha wrote, “which would lead to a greater knowledge of the black man, of his problems, of his clashes with European civilization, in short, to a thorough treatise of useful and instructive ethnography.” In Football and Colonialism, Nuno Domingos accomplishes that study. Ambitious and meticulously researched, the work draws upon an array of primary sources, including newspapers, national archives, poetry and songs, and interviews with former footballers. Domingos shows how local performances and popular culture practices became sites of an embodied history of Mozambique. The work will break new ground for scholars of African history and politics, urban studies, popular culture, and gendered forms of domination and resistance.
This is the first English-language study of internationally acclaimed Portuguese filmmaker Pedro Costa, examining the cultural, production and exhibition contexts of his feature films, shorts and video installations. It situates Costa's filmmaking within the contexts of Portuguese, European and global art film, looking into his working practices alongside the impact of digital video, forms of collaborative authorship, and the intricate dialogue between modes of production and aesthetics. Considering the exhibition, circulation and reception of Costa's creative output in settings such as film festivals, the art gallery circuit and the home video market, ReFocus: The Films of Pedro Costa provides an essential critical analysis of this major filmmaker - as well as of the multifaceted production and consumption practices that surround contemporary art cinema.
Polymers from natural sources are particularly useful as biomaterials and in regenerative medicine, given their similarity to the extracellular matrix and other polymers in the human body. This important book reviews the wealth of research on both tried and promising new natural-based biomedical polymers, together with their applications as implantable biomaterials, controlled-release carriers or scaffolds for tissue engineering.The first part of the book reviews the sources, processing and properties of natural-based polymers for biomedical applications. Part two describes how the surfaces of polymer-based biomaterials can be modified to improve their functionality. The third part of the book discusses the use of natural-based polymers for biodegradable scaffolds and hydrogels in tissue engineering. Building on this foundation, Part four looks at the particular use of natural-gelling polymers for encapsulation, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The penultimate group of chapters reviews the use of natural-based polymers as delivery systems for drugs, hormones, enzymes and growth factors. The final part of the book summarises research on the key issue of biocompatibility.Natural-based polymers for biomedical applications is a standard reference for biomedical engineers, those studying and researching in this important area, and the medical community. - Examines the sources, processing and properties of natural based polymers for biomedical applications - Explains how the surfaces of polymer based biomaterials can be modified to improve their functionality - Discusses the use of natural based polymers for hydrogels in tissue engineering, and in particular natural gelling polymers for encapsulation and regenerative medicine
I look beyond solution; I look for an expression."--Eduardo Souto de Moura The architect Eduardo Souto de Moura (b. 1952) has won many accolades, including the 2011 Pritzker Architecture Prize. Based in Porto, Souto de Moura studied under Fernando Távora and worked under fellow Portuguese architect Álvaro Siza, with whom he continues to collaborate. Souto de Moura established his own practice in 1980, and his wide-ranging influences, including Mies van der Rohe and Donald Judd, can be seen in the stunning variety of his work, from his acclaimed private houses, to the striking Paula Rego Museum in Cascais and the Braga Municipal Stadium, to his work in historical contexts such as the Convento das Bernardas in Tavira. This beautifully illustrated retrospective provides the most comprehensive account of Souto de Moura's career to date. Drawings, notes and sketches from his archive, and newly commissioned photographs complement essays by scholars and prominent architects that trace Souto de Moura's career, contextualize his work within the larger trends of contemporary international architectural culture, and highlight the originality of his design strategy.
This preeminent work has proven the best practical commentary on the TRIPS agreement related to patents and test data. This fifth edition, in which the author has revised the whole text and updated various arguments, continues to articulate with unmatched clarity the specific steps that a government or a company must take, in a wide variety of possible contexts, to ensure that its patent-related obligations under TRIPS are met. The presentation is arranged in an article-by-article format, following the TRIPS Agreement itself as it relates to patents and test data. In this way, the author’s incisive analysis covers every issue likely to arise in today’s patent and test data administrative and legal practice, including the following: ·significance of the recent entry into force of Article 31bis; · developments in enforcement of patent rights in the context of competition law; · the potential effects of Brexit and the new protectionist inclination of US trade policy; · expanded commentary on trade secrets and test data under Article 39; · alternate ways to transpose TRIPS obligations into national law; and · standards of intellectual property protection as a bargaining chip in international trade. The TRIPS Agreement has a direct impact on the daily activities of corporations, governments, and consumers. This book contains a very practical explanation of the meaning of the patent-related TRIPS provisions, how they should be reflected in national law, and how courts are expected to enforce them. For these reasons and more, the Fifth Edition is a crucially important resource for patent and public health lawyers seeking compliance as well as for government officials charged with the implementation of TRIPS obligations.
The book produced to accompany the presence of João Louro (*1963 in Lisbon) as the official representative of Portugal at the 56th Venice Biennale with the exhibition I Will Be Your Mirror--Poems and Problems is presented as the state of the art of Louro's oeuvre, which, since the nineties, has developed a well-informed questioning of the meaning of the image as an object or sign and of language as a symbolic representation. Louro is an intensely conceptual artist, one whose intensity is demonstrated in his presentation and interpretation of the world. He is interested in generating new semantic aspects and raising doubts about norms accepted by our visual culture.The texts by María de Corral, Paulo Herkenhoff, Delfim Sardo, and Nuno Crespo, authors who have a deep knowledge of João Louro's work, are accompanied by images that show us the overall body of João Louro's production, including some works produced specifically for this exhibition.
Of the around 20 biennials and triennials worldwide devoted to architecture, the Venice Architecture Biennale is the most prominent, considered as the world's leading biannual architecture festival. The participating architects selected every second year come from around the world to engage in the most important information exchange in the world of architecture. Aires Mateus Architects is the architectural practice operated by two brothers, Manuel and Francisco Aires Mateus. They have been invited five times to participate in Venice. This publication will introduce the five architectural installations they contributed to the biennales in the last decade. The publication consists of five individual parts, each of them a separate book, and held together by a French-fold-dustjacket. Each book is dedicated to one exhibition in Venice. The beautiful projects presented in this volume set an outstanding example of architectural installations reflecting space in a sensitive, poetic and mathematical way. Over the last three decades, Aires Mateus have gained international recognition for their contemporary reinterpretation of architectural traditions in Portugal. Their work is poetic in nature, and much of it is based on constant exploration and experimentation. Their abstract architectural installations are the artistic manifestation of this work. VOIDS: The first time Aires Mateus presented Portugal at the Venice Biennale was in 2010. The show was curated by Kazuyo Sejima from Sanaa, the first woman ever to work as chief curator of the Venice Architecture biennale. Aires Mateus' installation "VOID" was strikingly simple, as their minimalistic architecture often is. An entire room in the Central Pavilion in the Giardini was filled with abstract models of Aires Mateus' projects. Their installation investigated the extraction of volumes, connecting positive building forms with corresponding negative space. This relationship between positive and negative spaces has always existed inherently, but rarely been so clearly and understandably articulated. RADIX: In 2012, the installation took the form of a single large sculpture which greeted the visitors in the Arsenale area. The open and closed arches of "Radix", a steel structure clad with rusting steel panels on the outside and with a golden finish on the inside, could be perceived as a continuation of the arches of the shipyards in the docks of the Venice Arsenale. Despite the heavy steel construction, the arches of the pseudo-rectangular block and the brownish and golden color has a light appearance; it is as if it were made of wood. The arches are supported at three points, with the main arch overhanging the docks. FENDA: In 2016 the participation again took the form of an installation, but this time the visitors could enter a beautifully illuminated, mysterious cube, with which the architects symbolically marked the return to the essence of space. Space was considered from the perspective of its relationship with the human, that is anthropologically. The installation served as a reminder that this is still the essential value of architecture. FENDA is a cube with outside dimensions of 7x7x4 meters. The visitor enters by opening a black curtain, and passes through a one-meter-thick concrete wall to enter. Inside, one finds oneself in a kind of cave. The slit of light from the entrance opens and closes the visitor's path, changing the scale and perception of space. FIELD: Though it is another beautiful sculpture, this installation differs from the others: this time, one cannot enter the installation, one can only look inside. The book cover shows one of the views that the visitor can glimpse. The curators described this work as a sensitive, poetic and mathematical reflection on space. What the visitor perceives, the smell, colors and texture, remind of nature. Subtle textures or spots of color emerge from the dark under a diffuse and warm light, evoking the beauty of controlled landscapes and blurring the limits between natural and artificial. GROUND: the upcoming exhibition at this year's biennale will again ... Every installation will be introduced with a short essay, especially written by philosophers, architects, and an art critic for this publication. With contributions by Francisco and Manuel Aires Mateus, Ricardo Carvalho, Nuno Crespo, Sofia Pinto Basto, Paulo Pires Basto, and Delfim Sardo.
Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this book provides ready access to how the legal dimension of prevention against harm and loss allocation is treated in Portugal. This traditional branch of law not only tackles questions which concern every lawyer, whatever his legal expertise, but also concerns each person’s most fundamental rights on a worldwide scale. Following a general introduction that probes the distinction between tort and crime and the relationship between tort and contract, the monograph describes how the concepts of fault and unlawfulness, and of duty of care and negligence, are dealt with in both the legislature and the courts. The book then proceeds to cover specific cases of liability, such as professional liability, liability of public bodies, abuse of rights, injury to reputation and privacy, vicarious liability, liability of parents and teachers, liability for handicapped persons, product liability, environmental liability, and liability connected with road and traffic accidents. Principles of causation, grounds of justification, limitations on recovery, assessment of damages and compensation, and the role of private insurance and social security are all closely considered. Its succinct yet scholarly nature, as well as the practical quality of the information it provides, make this book a valuable resource for lawyers Portugal. Academics and researchers will also welcome this very useful guide, and will appreciate its value not only as a contribution to comparative law but also as a stimulus to harmonization of the rules on tort.
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