Nkosinathi Mbuya's Books

Malnutrition in Afghanistan

Scale, Scope, Causes, and Potential Reponse

By: Emily Levitt,Kees Kostermans,Luc Laviolette,Nkosinathi Mbuya

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Malnutrition in Afghanistan

Scale, Scope, Causes, and Potential Reponse

By: Emily Levitt,Kees Kostermans,Luc Laviolette,Nkosinathi Mbuya

South Asia has the highest rates of malnutrition and the largest number of malnourished women and children in the world. Childhood malnutrition is the main cause of child mortality one-third of all child deaths are due to the underlying cause of malnutrition. For the children who survive, malnutrition results in lifelong problems by severely reducing a child s ability to learn and to grow to his or her full potential. Malnutrition directly leads to less productive adults and thus to weaker national economic performance. The negative impact of malnutrition on a society s productivity and a nation s long-term development is difficult to underestimate. Malnutrition is a key development priority for the World Bank s South Asia region. The Bank intends to increase its commitment to reducing malnutrition in the region. As a first step, Bank staff are preparing a series of country assessments such as Malnutrition in Afghanistan. These assessments will be useful for governments and development partners committed to scaling up effective, evidence-based interventions to reduce malnutrition in their countries. Conclusive evidence shows that a multisectoral planning approach, followed by actions in the various sectors, is the most successful method to improve a populations nutrition. Malnutrition in Afghanistan provides the background analysis for the development of a comprehensive nutrition action plan. The timing of this report is propitious. The international communities interest in the developmental benefits of nutrition programming is high. This analytical report is part of a broader effort by the World Bank South Asia region to increase investments in nutrition, recognizing that good nutrition is important to economic growth and development, and because investing in well-proven nutrition interventions pays high dividends in poverty reduction and national economic development.

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238

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World Bank Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

0821384422

ISBN 13

9780821384428

Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Nutrition in Bangladesh

Can Building Toilets Affect Children's Growth?

By: Iffat Mahmud,Nkosinathi Mbuya

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Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Nutrition in Bangladesh

Can Building Toilets Affect Children's Growth?

By: Iffat Mahmud,Nkosinathi Mbuya

Since the 1960s, it has been known that poor water and sanitation causes diarrhea, which consequently compromises child growth and leads to undernutrition. Ample evidence shows that poor water and sanitation causes diarrhea, but there is a growing body of knowledge discussing the magnitude of the impact of diarrhea on undernutrition. A recent hypothesis by Humphrey (2009), for example, states that the predominant impact of contaminated water and poor sanitation on undernutrition is via tropical/environmental enteropathy (triggered by exposure to fecal matter) rather than mediated by diarrhea. This new hypothesis has generated much debate, especially in the South Asia region, on the contribution of water and sanitation to the South Asian Nutrition Enigma. The region is characterized by unusually high rates of child undernutrition relative to its income level, as well as a slow reduction in undernutrition. Practitioners have struggled to decipher the reasons behind this 'anomaly.' This report provides a systematic review of the evidence to date, both published and grey literature, on the relationship between water and sanitation and nutrition. We also survey the potential impact of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) on undernutrition. This is the first report that undertakes a thorough review and discussion of WASH and nutrition in Bangladesh. The report is meant to serve two purposes. First, it synthesizes the results/evidence evolving on the pathway of WASH and undernutrition for use by practitioners working in the nutrition and water and sanitation sectors to stimulate technical discussions and effective collaboration among stakeholders. Second, this report serves as an advocacy tool, primarily for policy makers, to assist them in formulating a multisectoral approach to tackling the undernutrition problem.

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World Bank Publications

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ISBN 10

1464806993

ISBN 13

9781464806995

Bangladesh National Nutrition Services

Assessment of Implementation Status

By: Kuntal K. Saha,Masum Billah,Purnima Menon,Shams El Arifeen,Nkosinathi V.N. Mbuya

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Bangladesh National Nutrition Services

Assessment of Implementation Status

By: Kuntal K. Saha,Masum Billah,Purnima Menon,Shams El Arifeen,Nkosinathi V.N. Mbuya

This report presents the findings of an operations research study conducted to assess the implementation of the Government of Bangladesh’s National Nutrition Services Program (NNS) and to identify the achievements, determine the bottlenecks that adversely impact these achievements, and highlight potential solutions to ensure smooth delivery of the program. A mixed methods research approach was used to evaluate five major domains of the program: management and support services; training and capacity development; service delivery; monitoring and evaluation, and; exposure to interventions. The study found that the overall NNS effort is an ambitious, but valuable approach to support nutrition actions through an existing health system with diverse platforms. The results indicate that although the maintenance of strong and stable leadership of NNS is an essential element to ensure integrated and well-coordinated comprehensive service delivery for the line directorate, the current arrangement is unable to ensure effective implementation and coordination of NNS. Focusing on some of the critical challenges related to leadership and coordination in the first instance, and on embedding a small core set of interventions into well-matched (for scale, target populations, and potential for impact) health system delivery platforms is most likely to help achieve scale and impact. Strategic investments in ensuring transparency, engaging available technical partners for monitoring and implementation support, and not shying away from other potential high coverage outreach platforms like some NGO platforms also could prove fruitful. Moreover, although the Government of Bangladesh, and the health system in particular, must lead the effort to deliver for nutrition, it is clear that development partners who have expressed a commitment to nutrition must coordinate their own activities and provide the support that can deliver on nutrition's potential for Bangladesh.

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111

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World Bank Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

1464806411

ISBN 13

9781464806414

Undernutrition in the Philippines

Scale, Scope, and Opportunities for Nutrition Policy and Programming

By: Nkosinathi V. N. Mbuya,Gabriel Demombynes,Sharon Faye A. Piza,Ann Jillian V. Adona

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Undernutrition in the Philippines

Scale, Scope, and Opportunities for Nutrition Policy and Programming

By: Nkosinathi V. N. Mbuya,Gabriel Demombynes,Sharon Faye A. Piza,Ann Jillian V. Adona

For nearly 30 years, the rates of both wasting and stunting in the Philippines have been nearly flat. For 2019, the rate of stunting among children under five years of age (28.8 percent) was only slightly lower than in 2008 (32 percent)—the prevalence of underweight in 2019 was 19 percent and that of wasting was 6 percent. Based on the World Health Organization’s classification of undernutrition rates, the stunting prevalence of children in the Philippines is of “very high†? public health significance. The Philippines’ 29 percent stunting rate places it fifth among countries in the East Asia and Pacific region, and among the top 10 countries globally. The Philippines’ high levels of childhood undernutrition can lead to a staggering loss of the country’s human and economic potential. The burden on the Philippines’ economy brought by childhood undernutrition was estimated at US$4.4 billion, or 1.5 percent of the country’s GDP, in 2015. Undernutrition robs Filipino children of their chance at a bright future. When viewed through the lens of the World Bank’s Human Capital Index (HCI), the country’s 2020 HCI score of 0.52 predicts that the future productivity of children born today will be 48 percent below what they might achieve if they were to enjoy complete education and full health. Undernutrition in the Philippines: Scale, Scope, and Opportunities for Nutrition Policy and Programming presents a comprehensive, analytical work on this topic. It provides evidence of why it is critical that the government of the Philippines prioritize tackling this persistent challenge. The report assesses the determinants and causes of childhood undernutrition and reviews current policies and programs directed at addressing this problem. Based on these analyses, the report provides recommendations of how national policies and programs can be strengthened to reduce the high rates of undernutrition in the country. It sets out to inform the debate on the causes and potential solutions of undernutrition while identifying high-priority policies and policy commitments for action.

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201

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World Bank Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

1464817014

ISBN 13

9781464817014

Persistent Malnutrition in Ethnic Minority Communities of Vietnam

Issues and Options for Policy and Interventions

By: Nkosinathi V. N. Mbuya,Stephen J. Atwood,Phuong Nam Huynh

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Persistent Malnutrition in Ethnic Minority Communities of Vietnam

Issues and Options for Policy and Interventions

By: Nkosinathi V. N. Mbuya,Stephen J. Atwood,Phuong Nam Huynh

Because malnutrition in early life significantly affects the physical and mental development of children, addressing malnutrition is fundamental to the development of Vietnam’s human capital. Economic development of the nation depends on the strength, resilience, and intelligence of its workforce. Governments dedicate millions of dollars annually to health and education, recognizing that individual losses in productivity may run as high as 10 percent of lifetime earnings and that as much as 11 percent of GDP could be lost each year in Asia and Africa due to undernutrition. The ethnic minority groups living mainly in the northern midlands and in the mountainous and central highlands regions are consistently more undernourished than the Kinh majority. Despite decreases in stunting, the prevalence of stunting among ethnic minority children is still twice that in the Kinh ethnic group. There has been an overall decline in wasting of 1.7 percent between 2000 and 2011, although only the richest quintile showed a significant reduction (3.4 percent). These data, along with an overall decrease in the prevalence of wasting and stunting, indicate an increase in nutrition inequality between 2000 and 2011. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the ethnic minority groups constitute the majority of the undernourished populations in most of the 10 provinces with the highest rates of stunting among children under 5 years old. This analytical report describes the very high rates of malnutrition among ethnic minority populations in Vietnam. It assesses the determinants and causes, using a causal framework and systems analysis; reviews current commitments and policies directed at reducing disparities in malnutrition; examines implementation of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions, particularly those that require multisectoral coordination and collaboration; draws conclusions based on the analysis; and recommends how policies and programs can be strengthened to reduce inequities and fulfill the economic potential of all ethnic groups.

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145

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World Bank Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

1464814325

ISBN 13

9781464814327

Persistent Malnutrition in Ethnic Minority Communities of Vietnam

Issues and Options for Policy and Interventions

By: Nkosinathi V. N. Mbuya,Stephen J. Atwood,Phuong Nam Huynh

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Persistent Malnutrition in Ethnic Minority Communities of Vietnam

Issues and Options for Policy and Interventions

By: Nkosinathi V. N. Mbuya,Stephen J. Atwood,Phuong Nam Huynh

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World Bank Publications

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ISBN 10

1464814325

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9781464814327

Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Nutrition in Bangladesh

Can Building Toilets Affect Children's Growth?

By: Iffat Mahmud,Nkosinathi Mbuya

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Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Nutrition in Bangladesh

Can Building Toilets Affect Children's Growth?

By: Iffat Mahmud,Nkosinathi Mbuya

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World Bank Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

1464806993

ISBN 13

9781464806995

Bangladesh National Nutrition Services

Assessment of Implementation Status

By: Kuntal K. Saha,Masum Billah,Purnima Menon,Shams El Arifeen,Nkosinathi V.N. Mbuya

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Bangladesh National Nutrition Services

Assessment of Implementation Status

By: Kuntal K. Saha,Masum Billah,Purnima Menon,Shams El Arifeen,Nkosinathi V.N. Mbuya

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Solve jigsaw puzzle

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111

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World Bank Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

1464806411

ISBN 13

9781464806414

Undernutrition in the Philippines

Scale, Scope, and Opportunities for Nutrition Policy and Programming

By: Nkosinathi V. N. Mbuya,Gabriel Demombynes,Sharon Faye A. Piza,Ann Jillian V. Adona

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Undernutrition in the Philippines

Scale, Scope, and Opportunities for Nutrition Policy and Programming

By: Nkosinathi V. N. Mbuya,Gabriel Demombynes,Sharon Faye A. Piza,Ann Jillian V. Adona

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Solve jigsaw puzzle

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201

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World Bank Publications

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ISBN 10

1464817014

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9781464817014

Book's by Nkosinathi Mbuya

Malnutrition in Afghanistan

Malnutrition in Afghanistan

Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Nutrition in Bangladesh

Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Nutrition in Bangladesh

Bangladesh National Nutrition Services

Bangladesh National Nutrition Services

Undernutrition in the Philippines

Undernutrition in the Philippines

Persistent Malnutrition in Ethnic Minority Communities of Vietnam

Persistent Malnutrition in Ethnic Minority Communities of Vietnam

Persistent Malnutrition in Ethnic Minority Communities of Vietnam

Persistent Malnutrition in Ethnic Minority Communities of Vietnam

Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Nutrition in Bangladesh

Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Nutrition in Bangladesh

Bangladesh National Nutrition Services

Bangladesh National Nutrition Services

Undernutrition in the Philippines

Undernutrition in the Philippines

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