Essay from the year 2014 in the subject Business economics - Supply, Production, Logistics, grade: 1,2, University of Paderborn (DSOR Lab), language: English, abstract: In times of globalization and increasing product complexity and variety due to sophisticated customer demand, new priorities for production planning must be set. The observable trend from supply-driven to demand-driven production will continue forcing more and more manufacturers to revise their production concept. A possible approach to face this challenge is the pull-based Build-to-Order (BTO) system. In terms of production planning, it will be indispensable to integrate the entire process chain. Nervousness is largely caused by external parties such as the supplier and the customer. Therefore, integrated approaches with focus on the customer will gain in importance and become the dominant cross-industrial mode of production. In this paper Build-to-Order is analyzed and evaluated as a specific solution approach by focusing on how it dampens nervousness within the production plan. Broadly speaking, nervousness within the production process can be caused by demand variability (downstream) and supply difficulties (upstream). In this seminar paper Dell serves as an example to illustrate BTO's effect on nervousness reduction.
Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 1,0, University of Paderborn (International Business Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Kabst), course: Exzellenzseminar Management, language: English, abstract: As the business world is becoming increasingly global, cultures of the world interconnect and hence cultural barriers present new challenges and opportunities. In the field of international business research cross-cultural analysis continuously gains in importance. Hofstede’s systematic study on cross-national cultures in the 1980s is considered one of the most influential contributions to cross-cultural research. Capturing several of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, the project Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) presents a more up-to-date research program dealing with the effects of cultures on organizational processes. Project GLOBE offers additional insights into the relationship between cultural distance and expatriate adjustment by introducing the dimensions Performance Orientation, Humane Orientation and Assertiveness. The GLOBE authors House et al. (2004) performed a large-scale cross-cultural study in 62 societies across the world during the 1990s. The methodological approach included a survey of approximately 17,000 middle managers. The results were published and edited by House et al. in 2004. The most salient finding was that there exist nine cultural dimensions. Moreover, the authors subdivided each of the dimensions into 2 facets: society as it is and society as it should be, meaning a description of some prevalent practices and personality traits in the society and a concept of an ideal society, according to the respondent.
Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Economy - Health Economics, grade: 1,0, University of Paderborn, language: English, abstract: The famous RAND Health Insurance Experiment (RAND HIE) deals with the question how health insurance affects medical spending. The scientific essay The RAND Health Insurance Experiment, Three Decades Later (2013) by Aviva Aron-Dine, Liran Einav, and Amy Finkelstein, extracted from the Journal of Economic Perspective, forms the basis for this seminar paper. All facts regarding the primary experiment are taken from this essay. It features a reexamination of the core findings of the RAND HIE with a state of the art perspective regarding the analysis of randomized experiments and the economics of moral hazard. Between 1974 and 1981, more than 5,800 individuals from about 2,000 households in six different locations across the United States participated in the RAND HIE and thereby received health insurance. The experiment randomly assigned families to health insurance plans with different levels of cost sharing and was representative of families with adults under the age of 62. The plans ranged from full coverage (“free care”) to plans with little coverage (5 percent) for the first approximately $4,000 (in 2011 dollars) incurred during a year. The conduct and analysis of randomized experiments as well as the economic analysis of moral hazard in the context of health insurance were relatively novel fields of research back in the years of the RAND investigation. Nevertheless, the RAND results are highly esteemed when predicting the likely impact of health insurance reforms on medical spending or design-ing actual insurance policies. In the course of time, health spending has grown and the consequent pressure on the public sector confers additional significance to the RAND estimates. The RAND HIE was funded by the US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and cost roughly $295 million (in 2011 dollars). From a cost perspective alone, a replication of such an experiment is highly improbable. In section two, the design of the RAND HIE is presented and complemented by a depiction of the key economic object of interest, namely the impact of health insurance on medical spending. Section three describes the experimental analysis, including the baseline regression. The core variable of interest, the treatment effect, is specified and validated. In section four, the price elasticity is derived and the application discussed. Section five emphasizes the raison d’être for a randomized experiment based on statistical evidence and additional literature.
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