This is the first comprehensive study of Greek language ordinary chants (Gloria/Doxa, Credo/Pisteuo, Sanctus/Hagios and Agnus Dei/Amnos tu theu) in Western manuscripts from the 9th to 14th centuries. These chants – known as “Missa Graeca” – have been the subject of academic research for over a hundred years. So far, however, research has been almost exclusively from a Western point of view, without knowledge of the Byzantine sources. For the first time, this book presents an in-depth analysis of these chants and their historical, linguistic and theological-liturgical environment from a Byzantine perspective. The new approach enables the author to refute numerous (and largely contradictory) theories on the origin and development of the Missa Graeca and provides new answers to old questions.
Essay from the year 2010 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0, University of Trier (Anglistik), course: British Short Stories, language: English, abstract: “A young boy, determined to cleanse himself of the embarrassing stigma of his virginity, seduces and beds his 10-year-old sister. A husband, who treasures a nineteenth-century criminal’s penis in a jar, “disappears” his wife into a surfaceless plane. A man revenges himself by pouring a pan of boiling oil into the lap of an antagonizing co-worker. An Aunt forces her nephew to don dress and blonde wig before coming down to dinner. Welcome to the world of Ian McEwan” (Slay 9). Ian Russell McEwan was born on the 21st of June in 1948 in Aldershot, England, as the only son of David and Rose McEwan. He spent most his childhood in military outposts such as Singapore and Libya because his father was a soldier of the British army. After having attended a boarding school in Suffolk, he enters the University of Sussex in 1966 where he began writing fiction and also achieved his BA degree in English literature in 1970. One year later he obtained his MA degree at the University of East Anglia, Norwich. In 1975 he published his first short story collection, First Love, Last Rites, which was his Master thesis in the subject ‘creative writing’. The shocking stories that are arranged in First Love, Last Rites brought him immediate critical compliments and he won the Somerset Maugham Award for their intelligent skills and originality. Most of these stories deal with abnormal sexuality, disorganized family life or claustrophobic tales. In his Short Stories, McEwan wrote at the beginning of his career, the protagonists are mostly children or young persons who tell the stories as first person narrators. Wolfgang G. Müller says in his interpretation of the Short story First Love, Last Rites that “the attention is drawn to the developmental stage of adolescence with its psychological problems that are especially linked to the first sexual experiences and to the search of gender identity” (translated from Müller 266). Ian McEwan became well known for his “new way of dealing with the topic of initiation where he places special emphasis on transgress and perverse sexual behaviour and also on criminal aspects” (translated from Müller 266). In this term paper the title story First Love, Last Rites will be analysed in the context of initiation and adolescence. Hereby, I will firstly introduce some important terms so that I can go on with explaining what an initiation story is. The last part then will be about the short story itself where I will summarize and analyse FLLR
Essay from the year 2011 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0, University of Trier, language: English, abstract: In 1988 the author John Fuller had discovered a manuscript of Stephen Spender ́s novel which was called The Temple and was dated 1929. Spender originally wrote this novel in the late 1920s in order to tell his life during his student days. “He sent several copies to friends, among them Auden and Isherwood to get their views about it, and a copy to Geoffrey Faber, his publisher, who pointed out that there could be no question of publishing a novel, which, besides being libelous, was pornographic according to the law at that time.” (Spender 1988 x) Hence, Spender’s work was not published and fell into oblivion. Over all those years Spender forgot that in the financial crisis he had sold his manuscripts to Texas in 1962 However, in 1988 John Fuller discovered the original manuscript and encouraged Spender to revise his work and to publish it. As he did so, in the introduction of The Temple he wrote the following: “This is an autobiographical novel in which the author tries to report truthfully on his experiences in the summer of 1929.” (Spender 1988 xi) In the following I will try to analyze whether The Temple really could be classified as an autobiographical novel or whether we are dealing with any other type of text. The main question that we have to ask then is, what is autobiography or rather what is an autobiographical novel and what is the difference between those two types of texts? Is it even possible to define autobiography or the term autobiographical novel? When we look those terms up in various dictionaries, for autobiography they mostly all have in common one rather short definition that on the first view explains the term very well: “Autobiography is the history of a person’s life as written by himself.” (Porter Abbot 1988 598) The term autobiographical novel in most dictionaries is not even listed, therefore I will at first concentrate on the definition of autobiography.
Lesson Plan from the year 2010 in the subject English - Pedagogy, Didactics, Literature Studies, grade: 2,0, University of Trier, language: English, abstract: This lesson is mainly about the future tenses, will-future and going-to future. My intention is to teach the study group both the formation of the tenses as well as the usage, when exactly to use which tense in order to express something in the future. Therefore I planned a double period where the first lesson is only about the formation of the future tenses and the aim of the second lesson is to make clear to the learners when to use the will-future or the going-to-future. I did not yet have the opportunity to give this lesson in reality, so I assumed a class in which this lesson could work the way I planned it. too personal 1.1. Situation of the class I would provide this double period with its focus on the future tenses, will-future and going-to-future, for a class in the late 6th or early 7th grade at secondary school . While planning, I assumed that the pupils already heard about the building of the tenses and do know that these tenses are used to talk about the future but that they have to practice how to build certain sentences like positive statements, negotiations as well as questions. What will be completely new to them, is the question when exactly to use which tense in order to express something in the future. That means concerning the formation of the tenses this lesson will be a repetition for them, but concerning the usage this lesson presents an introduction. It is important that the study group is motivated to work as there are many parts where they have to be proactive. Moreover, it is a precondition that they learned to work with a partner as well as in a group of minimum three pupils otherwise this lesson could not be realized. 1.1. Objectives and aims The superordinated aim of this lesson is that the study group knows how to form and when to use the future tenses, will-future and goin
This book examines teachers’ work in the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, where educators grappled with a worldwide virus that profoundly affected teaching and learning. This difficult situation allowed educators and researchers to reflect critically on the enduring labor experiences that persist through this uncertain period, some of them rooted in conditions prevalent long before the pandemic hit. Written from a perspective that cuts across labor studies and education, the book explains how cultural and legally inscribed expectations of teachers have been remarkably impermeable over time. In particular, the volume focuses on the educational transformations that have taken place worldwide since the pandemic occurred, including reduced educational resources, labor strife, and contradictory governmental directives. As the book articulates, these changes affect some of the most persistent educational topics, including student achievement, student health, and teacher satisfaction.
Lesson Plan from the year 2010 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Pedagogy, Literature Studies, grade: 2,0, University of Trier, language: English, abstract: This lesson is mainly about the future tenses, will-future and going-to future. My intention is to teach the study group both the formation of the tenses as well as the usage, when exactly to use which tense in order to express something in the future. Therefore I planned a double period where the first lesson is only about the formation of the future tenses and the aim of the second lesson is to make clear to the learners when to use the will-future or the going-to-future. I did not yet have the opportunity to give this lesson in reality, so I assumed a class in which this lesson could work the way I planned it. too personal 1.1. Situation of the class I would provide this double period with its focus on the future tenses, will-future and going-to-future, for a class in the late 6th or early 7th grade at secondary school . While planning, I assumed that the pupils already heard about the building of the tenses and do know that these tenses are used to talk about the future but that they have to practice how to build certain sentences like positive statements, negotiations as well as questions. What will be completely new to them, is the question when exactly to use which tense in order to express something in the future. That means concerning the formation of the tenses this lesson will be a repetition for them, but concerning the usage this lesson presents an introduction. It is important that the study group is motivated to work as there are many parts where they have to be proactive. Moreover, it is a precondition that they learned to work with a partner as well as in a group of minimum three pupils otherwise this lesson could not be realized. 1.1. Objectives and aims The superordinated aim of this lesson is that the study group knows how to form and when to use the future tenses, will-future and going-to-future. The main idea hereby is that they learn to gather from many examples to a general rule, what is called inductive learning. “It gives you opportunities to work out rules for yourself and to work out what is the most probable choice in particular contexts.” This concept represents the basis of all learning activities in this lesson. However, there are many intermediate aims of the lesson. At the beginning the pupils train to listen carefully to a song in order to fill in the gaps that are missing in the cloze text. They have to concentrate on the song individually and try to understand someone whose mother tongue is English.
Essay from the year 2011 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0, University of Trier, language: English, abstract: In 1988 the author John Fuller had discovered a manuscript of Stephen Spender ́s novel which was called The Temple and was dated 1929. Spender originally wrote this novel in the late 1920s in order to tell his life during his student days. "He sent several copies to friends, among them Auden and Isherwood to get their views about it, and a copy to Geoffrey Faber, his publisher, who pointed out that there could be no question of publishing a novel, which, besides being libelous, was pornographic according to the law at that time." (Spender 1988 x) Hence, Spender's work was not published and fell into oblivion. Over all those years Spender forgot that in the financial crisis he had sold his manuscripts to Texas in 1962 However, in 1988 John Fuller discovered the original manuscript and encouraged Spender to revise his work and to publish it. As he did so, in the introduction of The Temple he wrote the following: "This is an autobiographical novel in which the author tries to report truthfully on his experiences in the summer of 1929." (Spender 1988 xi) In the following I will try to analyze whether The Temple really could be classified as an autobiographical novel or whether we are dealing with any other type of text. The main question that we have to ask then is, what is autobiography or rather what is an autobiographical novel and what is the difference between those two types of texts? Is it even possible to define autobiography or the term autobiographical novel? When we look those terms up in various dictionaries, for autobiography they mostly all have in common one rather short definition that on the first view explains the term very well: "Autobiography is the history of a person's life as written by himself." (Porter Abbot 1988 598) The term autobiographical novel in most dictionaries is not even listed, th
Essay from the year 2010 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0, University of Trier (Anglistik), course: British Short Stories, language: English, abstract: "A young boy, determined to cleanse himself of the embarrassing stigma of his virginity, seduces and beds his 10-year-old sister. A husband, who treasures a nineteenth-century criminal's penis in a jar, "disappears" his wife into a surfaceless plane. A man revenges himself by pouring a pan of boiling oil into the lap of an antagonizing co-worker. An Aunt forces her nephew to don dress and blonde wig before coming down to dinner. Welcome to the world of Ian McEwan" (Slay 9). Ian Russell McEwan was born on the 21st of June in 1948 in Aldershot, England, as the only son of David and Rose McEwan. He spent most his childhood in military outposts such as Singapore and Libya because his father was a soldier of the British army. After having attended a boarding school in Suffolk, he enters the University of Sussex in 1966 where he began writing fiction and also achieved his BA degree in English literature in 1970. One year later he obtained his MA degree at the University of East Anglia, Norwich. In 1975 he published his first short story collection, First Love, Last Rites, which was his Master thesis in the subject 'creative writing'. The shocking stories that are arranged in First Love, Last Rites brought him immediate critical compliments and he won the Somerset Maugham Award for their intelligent skills and originality. Most of these stories deal with abnormal sexuality, disorganized family life or claustrophobic tales. In his Short Stories, McEwan wrote at the beginning of his career, the protagonists are mostly children or young persons who tell the stories as first person narrators. Wolfgang G. Müller says in his interpretation of the Short story First Love, Last Rites that "the attention is drawn to the developmental stage of adolescence with its psychological problems
Essay from the year 2010 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 2,0, University of Trier (Anglistik), course: British Short Stories, language: English, abstract: “A young boy, determined to cleanse himself of the embarrassing stigma of his virginity, seduces and beds his 10-year-old sister. A husband, who treasures a nineteenth-century criminal’s penis in a jar, “disappears” his wife into a surfaceless plane. A man revenges himself by pouring a pan of boiling oil into the lap of an antagonizing co-worker. An Aunt forces her nephew to don dress and blonde wig before coming down to dinner. Welcome to the world of Ian McEwan” (Slay 9). Ian Russell McEwan was born on the 21st of June in 1948 in Aldershot, England, as the only son of David and Rose McEwan. He spent most his childhood in military outposts such as Singapore and Libya because his father was a soldier of the British army. After having attended a boarding school in Suffolk, he enters the University of Sussex in 1966 where he began writing fiction and also achieved his BA degree in English literature in 1970. One year later he obtained his MA degree at the University of East Anglia, Norwich. In 1975 he published his first short story collection, First Love, Last Rites, which was his Master thesis in the subject ‘creative writing’. The shocking stories that are arranged in First Love, Last Rites brought him immediate critical compliments and he won the Somerset Maugham Award for their intelligent skills and originality. Most of these stories deal with abnormal sexuality, disorganized family life or claustrophobic tales. In his Short Stories, McEwan wrote at the beginning of his career, the protagonists are mostly children or young persons who tell the stories as first person narrators. Wolfgang G. Müller says in his interpretation of the Short story First Love, Last Rites that “the attention is drawn to the developmental stage of adolescence with its psychological problems that are especially linked to the first sexual experiences and to the search of gender identity” (translated from Müller 266). Ian McEwan became well known for his “new way of dealing with the topic of initiation where he places special emphasis on transgress and perverse sexual behaviour and also on criminal aspects” (translated from Müller 266). In this term paper the title story First Love, Last Rites will be analysed in the context of initiation and adolescence. Hereby, I will firstly introduce some important terms so that I can go on with explaining what an initiation story is. The last part then will be about the short story itself where I will summarize and analyse FLLR
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