During the last decade, infrastructure finance and provision graduated from traditional means to more innovative ones, primarily initiated by private companies and supported through their equity and debt. Capital markets increasingly became the main funding source for infrastructure projects worldwide, including investments in developing and transition countries where infrastructure penetration still falls considerably short of needs. Infrastructure bonds served as the most popular method of oil, gas, electricity, telecommunications, and transport project financing in these countries throughout 1990-99, thereby substituting government funding. Using an innovative methodological approach, 'Governance Impact on Private Investment' provides a thorough examination of the effect that governance frameworks, both political and regulatory, have on investors' risk perceptions and on associated costs for infrastructure financing. It identifies those political and regulatory risks that most concern investors. It offers a unique comparative analysis of developed and emerging infrastructure bond markets. The analysis demonstrates how the factors that drive infrastructure finance in the two country groups differ, which helps to identify the policy implications of these factors.
World Bank Discussion Paper No. 378. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, real revenues at the local level in Ukraine have fallen to less than half their former level. This report examines key issues faced by regional finance managers confronti
This is an examination of the paintings, books, poetry and theoretical work of Russian avant-garde artist, Olga Rozanova. The text assesses Rozanova's life and work, aiming to recreate the spirit of the counterculture milieu that contributed to the transformation of 20th-century art.
World Bank Discussion Paper No. 378. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, real revenues at the local level in Ukraine have fallen to less than half their former level. This report examines key issues faced by regional finance managers confronti
During the last decade, infrastructure finance and provision graduated from traditional means to more innovative ones, primarily initiated by private companies and supported through their equity and debt. Capital markets increasingly became the main funding source for infrastructure projects worldwide, including investments in developing and transition countries where infrastructure penetration still falls considerably short of needs. Infrastructure bonds served as the most popular method of oil, gas, electricity, telecommunications, and transport project financing in these countries throughout 1990-99, thereby substituting government funding. Using an innovative methodological approach, 'Governance Impact on Private Investment' provides a thorough examination of the effect that governance frameworks, both political and regulatory, have on investors' risk perceptions and on associated costs for infrastructure financing. It identifies those political and regulatory risks that most concern investors. It offers a unique comparative analysis of developed and emerging infrastructure bond markets. The analysis demonstrates how the factors that drive infrastructure finance in the two country groups differ, which helps to identify the policy implications of these factors.
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