This book provides the most complete description, analysis, and comparative studies of modern standardized and most common stream symmetric encryption algorithms, as well as stream modes of symmetric block ciphers. Stream ciphers provide an encryption in almost real-time regardless of the volume and stream bit depth of converted data, which makes them the most popular in modern real-time IT systems. In particular, we analyze the criteria and performance indicators of algorithms, as well as the principles and methods of designing stream ciphers. Nonlinear-feedback shift registers, which are one of the main elements of stream ciphers, have been studied in detail. The book is especially useful for scientists, developers, and experts in the field of cryptology and electronic trust services, as well as for the training of graduate students, masters, and bachelors in the field of information security.
The main topics presented in this book deal with methods from functional analysis applied to the study ofsmall movements and normal oscillations ofhydrome- chanical systems having cavities filled with either ideal or viscous fluids. The book is a sequel to and at the same time substantially extends the volume entitled "Opera- tor Methods in Linear Hydrodynamics: Evolution and Spectral Problems," by N. D. Kopachevsky, S.G. Krein, and Ngo Zuy Kan that was published in 1989 by the Nauka publishing house in Moscow. The present book includesseveral new problems on the oscillations ofpartially dissipative hydrosystems and the oscillations of visco-elastic or relaxing fluids. The contents of this book do not overlap almost at all with the ones in the following volumes: "Mathematical Problems of the Motion of Viscous Incopressible Fluids," by O. A. Ladyzhenskaya, "The Dynamics ofBodies with Cavities Filled with Fluids," by N. N. Moiseev and V. V. Rumiantzev, "Navier-Stokes Equations," by R. Temam, and "Boundary Problems for Navier-Stokes Equations," by S. M. Belonosov and K. A. Chernous. Mainly, the contents of the present book rely on the authors' and their students' works. We would like to express our gratitude to I. T. Gohberg and A. S. Markus, who encouraged us to publish the book and who offered many helpful suggestions. Our gratidude goes also to our colleagues T. Ya. Azizov, O. A. Ladyzhenskaya, N. N.
Remote Sensing of Sea Ice in the Northern Sea Route: Studies and Applications initially provides a history of the Northern Sea Route as an important strategic transport route for supporting the northern regions of Russia and cargo transportation between Europe and the Northern Pacific Basin. The authors then describe sea ice conditions in the Eurasian Arctic Seas and, using microwave satellite data, provide a detailed analysis of difficult sea ice conditions. Remote sensing techniques and the basic principles of SAR image formation are described, as well as the major satellite radar systems used for ice studies in the Arctic. The authors take a good look at the use of sensing equipment in experiments, including the ICE WATCH project used for monitoring the Northern Sea Route. The possibilities of using SAR remote sensing for ice navigation in the Northern Sea Route is also detailed, analysing techniques of automatic image processing and interpretation. A study is provided of regional drifting ice, fast ice and river ice in the coastal areas of the Arctic Seas. The book concludes with a review of the practical experience using SAR images for supporting navigation and offshore industrial activity, based on a series of experiments conducted with the Murmansk Shipping Company on board nuclear icebreakers.
This book rejects the modern tendency to evaluate banking regulation without reference to monetary theory by positioning the economic analysis of banking regulation within monetary economics.
Despite decades of extensive research and application, commercial aluminum alloys are still poorly understood in terms of the phase composition and phase transformations occurring during solidification, cooling, and heating. Multicomponent Phase Diagrams: Applications for Commercial Aluminum Alloys aims to apply multi-component phase diagrams to commercial aluminum alloys, and give a comprehensive coverage of available and assessed phase diagrams for aluminum-based alloy systems of different dimensionality. - Features data on non-equilibrium phase diagrams, which can rarely be obtained from other publications - Extensive coverage of all groups of commercially important alloys and materials
This book is dedicated to field emission electronics, a promising field at the interface between “classic” vacuum electronics and nanotechnology. In addition to theoretical models, it includes detailed descriptions of experimental and research techniques and production technologies for different types of field emitters based on various construction principles. It particularly focuses on research into and production of field cathodes and electron guns using recently developed nanomaterials and carbon nanotubes. Further, it discusses the applications of field emission cathodes in new technologies such as light sources, flat screens, microwave and X-ray devices.
This book concentrates on the branching solutions of nonlinear operator equations and the theory of degenerate operator-differential equations especially applicable to algorithmic analysis and nonlinear PDE's in mechanics and mathematical physics. The authors expound the recent result on the generalized eigen-value problem, the perturbation method, Schmidt's pseudo-inversion for regularization of linear and nonlinear problems in the branching theory and group methods in bifurcation theory. The book covers regular iterative methods in a neighborhood of branch points and the theory of differential-operator equations with a non-invertible operator in the main expression is constructed. Various recent results on theorems of existence are given including asymptotic, approximate and group methods.
This reference book concentrates on microstructuring surfaces of optical materials with directed fluxes of off-electrode plasma generated by high-voltage gas discharge and developing methods and equipment related to this technique. It covers theoretical and experimental studies on the electrical and physical properties of high-voltage gas discharges used to generate plasma outside an electrode gap. A new class of methods and devices that makes it possible to implement a series of processes for fabricating diffraction microstructures on large format wafers is also discussed.
Molecular biology and genetics are fast-growing fields with significant results and findings being reported virtually every day. Raw data from the wet lab accumulate at an astonishing rate, making it necessary to analyze the biological data with the use of computers. This book reveals how the current challenges of molecular biology and genetics are met with computer and mathematical treatments. A combined effort of the Computational Genetics and Biophysics Group (Supercomputer Computations Research Institute, USA), the Theoretical Molecular Genetics (Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia) and the Bioinformatics Group (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy), many of these findings are firsthand discoveries made by these groups. The book emphasizes the fundamental principles of the structural-functional organization of the 3 major classes of genetic macromolecules: DNA, RNA and proteins. It also introduces universally applicable theoretical principles into the enormous realm of raw data and develops an integrative, theoretical computer approach to the analysis of these macromolecules to gain insights into the complexities of their function and evolution.
This book shares essential insights on evaporites and their effects on dams and reservoirs. The intensity of the solution and suffusion process in evaporites (gypsum and salt) is much greater than the solution of carbonates, and evaporites are particularly vulnerable at dam and reservoir sites. Moreover, the presence of evaporites in the vicinity of dams or reservoirs often leads to serious problems: numerous dams in countries around the world (e.g. China, Germany, Iran, Iraq, Peru, Russia, Spain, the Unites States, and Venezuela) have been affected by evaporite dissolution problems. Several of these dams were seriously endangered or ultimately abandoned, even though the best available engineering prevention and remediation practices were applied. Conventional geotechnical methods based on treating the underground (e.g. grout curtains) or surface (e.g. protective blankets) were not successful. This book presents and analyzes revealing case studies in this regard. To improve geotechnical remediation in connection with preventing seepage from reservoirs situated in evaporites, particularly in gypsum, it puts forward a new chemical solution that, after painstaking laboratory testing, was successfully applied in the field.
Introduction to Theory of Control in Organizations explains how methodologies from systems analysis and control theory, including game and graph theory, can be applied to improve organizational management. The theory presented extends the traditional approach to management science by introducing the optimization and game-theoretical tools required
The book provides a characteristic of sulfate karst, the features of its distribution and development in the Perm region, based on their own research and generalization of data accumulated in recent years. An updated zoning of the territory is given, partly based on the use of GIS technologies. This book also offers a detailed description of areas with characteristics of geological and hydrogeological conditions for the development of karst and karst phenomena. Besides, it also provides a detailed description of a number of caves, information about specially protected natural areas associated with sulfate karst and new unique objects that need protection. The book describes the influence of karst on economic activity and the ecological situation. The publication is intended for geologists, geographers, ecologists, karst scientists, speleologists, local historians, teachers and students of specialties related to earth sciences, as well as a wide range of karst and cave enthusiasts.
The mechanics of fluid flow is a fundamental engineering discipline explaining both natural phenomena and human-induced processes, and a thorough understanding of it is central to the operations of the oil and gas industry. This book, written by some of the world’s best-known and respected petroleum engineers, covers the concepts, theories, and applications of the mechanics of fluid flow for the veteran engineer working in the field and the student, alike. It is a must-have for any engineer working in the oil and gas industry.
This book studies the fundamental concept of hydrodynamics as part of theoretical physics and demonstrates the connection of macroscopic approach with the description of properties of fluid motion and microscopic kinetic theory. It also presents recent investigations in instabilities and turbulence theory.
Connective tissue is a multicomponent, polyfunctional complex of cells and extracellular matrix that serves as a framework for all organs, combining to form a unified organism. It is a structure responsible for numerous vital functions such as tissue-organ integration, morphogenesis, homeostasis maintenance, biomechanical support, and more. The reg
This book provides analytical and numerical methods for the estimation of dimension characteristics (Hausdorff, Fractal, Carathéodory dimensions) for attractors and invariant sets of dynamical systems and cocycles generated by smooth differential equations or maps in finite-dimensional Euclidean spaces or on manifolds. It also discusses stability investigations using estimates based on Lyapunov functions and adapted metrics. Moreover, it introduces various types of Lyapunov dimensions of dynamical systems with respect to an invariant set, based on local, global and uniform Lyapunov exponents, and derives analytical formulas for the Lyapunov dimension of the attractors of the Hénon and Lorenz systems. Lastly, the book presents estimates of the topological entropy for general dynamical systems in metric spaces and estimates of the topological dimension for orbit closures of almost periodic solutions to differential equations.
Proceedings of SPIE present the original research papers presented at SPIE conferences and other high-quality conferences in the broad-ranging fields of optics and photonics. These books provide prompt access to the latest innovations in research and technology in their respective fields. Proceedings of SPIE are among the most cited references in patent literature.
From the reviews: "This book is very well written and contains many important and new original results that certainly play an important role in today’s nonlinear optics." Physicalia
This book provides analytical and numerical methods for the estimation of dimension characteristics (Hausdorff, Fractal, Carathéodory dimensions) for attractors and invariant sets of dynamical systems and cocycles generated by smooth differential equations or maps in finite-dimensional Euclidean spaces or on manifolds. It also discusses stability investigations using estimates based on Lyapunov functions and adapted metrics. Moreover, it introduces various types of Lyapunov dimensions of dynamical systems with respect to an invariant set, based on local, global and uniform Lyapunov exponents, and derives analytical formulas for the Lyapunov dimension of the attractors of the Hénon and Lorenz systems. Lastly, the book presents estimates of the topological entropy for general dynamical systems in metric spaces and estimates of the topological dimension for orbit closures of almost periodic solutions to differential equations.
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