Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: Measuring performance of fund managers is a topic equally interesting to practitioners and researchers. Most common performance measures rely on the assumption of constant risk during the entire evaluation period. The measure of risk is the beta from the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). In order to better assess a manager s investment ability, additional factors could be employed to capture the different sources of risk. The manager owes each portion of the achieved return to a certain risk factor. The risks a manager is running can be summed up to form his personal benchmark, which thus reflects the investment style. Still, the exposures to the included risk factors are assumed to be constant. The dynamics of the capital markets had not been captured by the prevailing performance measures before an approach that controlled for varying economic conditions was suggested. Models that are based on this approach deliver a beta conditional on the market state. The manager s exposure to the risk of the own benchmark was thus allowed to vary in time. Consequently, the search for indicators of the market states was launched and a model framework which could accommodate the chosen indicators as part of the benchmark had to be chosen. Two model frameworks emerged and a couple of indicators established themselves as standard. This study largely follows the approach of Ferson and Schadt. They introduced a linear model that can be perceived as a conditional version of the CAPM. The aim of this study is not only to obtain performance measures which result from the conditional models. Since the variation in the exposure to market risk is accounted for, one who employs conditional models gains insight into fund manager s trading. If the trading is reflected in changes of the beta, then inference on fund strategy is made possible even though information on the portfolio structure is not provided. The explanatory power of a conditional model depends on the researcher selecting a representative benchmark for the funds in the sample and indicators of economic conditions that fund managers rely on in reality. The structure of this paper is the following: chapter 2 builds the theoretical foundation of conditional models and presents their two forms; chapter 3 relates this study to previous literature in the area; chapter 4 employs conditional models to evaluate strategies and performance of German fund managers; chapter 5 sums up the [...]
Psychotherapy is an indispensable approach in the treatment of mental disorders and, for some mental disorders, it is the most effective treatment. Yet, psychotherapy is abound with ethical issues. In psychotherapy ethics, numerous fundamental ethical issues converge, including self-determination/autonomy, decision-making capacity and freedom of choice, coercion and constraint, medical paternalism, the fine line between healthiness and illness, insight into illness and need of therapy, dignity, under- and overtreatment, and much more. The Oxford Handbook of Psychotherapy Ethics explores a whole range of ethical issues in the heterogenous field of psychotherapy thereby closing a widespread perceived gap between ethical sensitivity, technical language, and knowledge among psychotherapists. The book is intended not only for a clinical audience, but also for a philosophical/ethical audience - linking the two disciplines by fostering a productive dialogue between them, thereby enriching both the psychotherapeutic encounter and the ethical analysis and sensitivity in and outside the clinic. An essential book for psychotherapists in clinical practice, it will also be valuable for those professionals providing mental health services beyond psychology and medicine, including counsellors, social workers, nurses, and ministers.
This will help us customize your experience to showcase the most relevant content to your age group
Please select from below
Login
Not registered?
Sign up
Already registered?
Success – Your message will goes here
We'd love to hear from you!
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.