Fierce debate has long loomed over Title IX, the landmark legislation prohibiting sex discrimination in schools, whether in academics or athletics. Since its inception, Title IX has inspired both backlash and backlash-against-backlash commentary. Supporters contend that the legislation is a long overdue measure in securing equal opportunities for girls and women in America's school and university athletics. Opponents argue that Title IX is nothing more than a government-enforced quota system that is damaging men's sports programs. Caught in the middle are the schools that struggle to develop equitable sports programs for male and female athletes. From the hard fought passing of Title IX in 1972 to the most recent debates surrounding compliance, this encyclopedia explores the significant individuals, events, key concepts, controversies, and legal cases revolving around Title IX and its application in collegiate athletics. This encyclopedia, the first of its kind, offers a comprehensive guide to various aspects and wide ranging issues associated with Title IX and sports. With more than 150 in-depth entries, this inclusive and authoritative reference will appeal to students, scholars, and general readers interested in both the historic framework and contemporary implications of Title IX and academic athletics. Sample entries include: A League of Their Own Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women v. NCAA (1984) Bonnie Blair Molly Machine Gun Bolin California NOW v. Board of Trustees of California State Universities (1993) Commission on Equal Opportunity in Athletics Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act Patsy Mink Ms. Foundation National Women's Football League National Wrestling Coaches Assocation Pederson v. Louisiana State University (2000) Three Part Test
In recent years, parenting research has demonstrated that toxic stressors such as intimate partner violence, postpartum depression, and substance abuse significantly diminish the quality of mother-child interaction. Moreover, research has shown that childhood is a sensitive period, during which cumulative exposure to adversities inhibits relationship quality, mother-child interaction and subsequent child health and developmental outcomes. Researchers have focused upon identifying populations at risk and interventions to improve related outcomes. Parenting and Child Development: Issues and Answers encompasses a collection of seminal studies by renowned researcher Dr Nicole Letourneau. The book starts with an examination of the mechanisms by which parent-child interaction and child developmental outcomes are diminished among high-risk families. Promising results of peer support and reflective functioning interventions to promote parent-child interaction and healthy child development are then presented. Finally, the book includes studies that investigate the relationship between genetics, parent-child relationships and child behaviour. A unique collection of research papers that focuses on improving the quality of mother-child interaction and child developmental outcomes among high-risk populations. Demonstrates the efficacy and importance of related interventions. Content SECTION I - PREDICTORS OF PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT Fostering Resiliency in Infants and Young Children through Parent-Infant Interaction; Postpartum Depression is a Family Affair: Addressing the Impact on Mothers, Fathers, and Children; Socioeconomic Status and Child Development: A Meta-analysis; Adolescent Mothers: Support Needs, Resources, and Support-education Interventions; Intergenerational Transmission of Adverse Childhood Experiences via Maternal Depression and Anxiety and Moderation by Child Sex; Mothering and Domestic Violence: A Longitudinal Analysis. SECTION II - INTERVENTIONS TO PROMOTE PARENT-CHILD INTERACTION AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT Improving Adolescent Parent-infant Interactions: A Pilot Study; Supporting Parents: Can Intervention Improve Parent-child Relationships?; Interventions with Depressed Mothers and their Infants: Modifying Interactive Behaviours; The Effect of Home-based Peer Support on Maternal-infant Interactions Among Women with Postpartum Depression: A Randomized, Controlled Trial; Quasi-experimental Evaluation of a Telephone-based Peer Support Intervention for Maternal Depression; A Narrative and Meta-analytic Review of Interventions Aiming to Improve Maternal-child Attachment Security. SECTION III - EPIGENETICS AND NEW DIRECTIONS How Do Interactions Between Early Caregiving Environment and Genes Influence Health and Behavior?; Parenting Interacts With Plasticity Genes in Predicting Behavioral Outcomes in Preschoolers; Epilogue - Relationships are the Antidote to Toxic Stress.
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