Western democracies often trace their political roots back to Ancient Greece. While politics today may seem the dusty domain of lawmakers and pundits, in the classical era virtually no aspect of life was beyond its reach. Political life was not limited to acts of a legislature, magistrates, and the courts but routinely included the activities of social clubs, the patronage system, and expression through literature, art, and architecture. Through these varied means, even non-enfranchised groups (such as women and non-citizens) gained entry into a wider democratic process. Beyond the citizen world of traditional politics, there existed multiple layers of Greek political life-reflecting many aspects of our own modern political landscape. Religious cults served as venues for female office-holders; private clubs and drinking parties served significant social functions. Popular athletes capitalized on their fame to run for elected office. Military veterans struggled to bring back the good old days much to the dismay of the forward-thinking ambitions of naive twenty-somethings. Liberals and conservatives of all classes battled over important issues of the day. Scandal and intrigue made or ended many a political career. Taken collectively, these aspects of political life serve as a lens for viewing the whole of Greek civilization in some of its characteristic and distinctive dimensions.
Much of the evidence—literary, historical, documentary, and pictorial—from ancient Athens is urban in authorship, subject matter, and intended audience. The result has been the assertion of an undifferentiated monolithic "Athenian" citizen regime as often as not identifiably urban in its lifestyle, preoccupations, and attitude. In Rural Athens Under the Democracy, however, Nicholas F. Jones undertakes the first comprehensive attempt to reconstruct on its own terms the world of rural Attica outside the walls during the "classical" fifth and fourth centuries B.C. What he finds is a distinctly nonurban (and nonurbane) order dominated by a traditional, predominantly agrarian society and culture. Jones relies heavily upon the relatively neglected epigraphic record from the rural countryside and villages, as well as posing new questions of the well-known urban writings of Athenian historians, essayists, and philosophers and occasionally following the lead of Hesiod's agrarian poem Works and Days. From these sources he gleans new findings regarding settlement patterns, argues for a heretofore unrecognized system of personal patronage, explores relations between villages and the town of Athens, reconstructs the "Agrarian" Dionysia in several of its more important dimensions, and contrasts the realities of rural Attic culture with their various representations in contemporary literary and philosophical writings by Aristophanes, Xenophon, Plato, and others. Building on Jones's previous publications on the ancient Greek city-state, Rural Athens Under the Democracy presents the first holistic examination of classical extramural Attica. He challenges the received view that ancient Athens in its heyday was marked by a uniform cultural, ideological, and conspicuously citified order and, in place of the perception of things rural as mere deficits in urbanity, proposes that we look at Attica outside the walls in its own right and in positive terms.
Nicholas Jones's book examines the associations of Athens during the classical democracy of the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. Village communities, cultic groups, brotherhoods, sacerdotal families, philosophical schools, and other organizations are studied collectively under Aristotle's umbrella concept of "community," or koinonia. All such "communities," argues Jones, acquired their distinctive characteristics in response to certain key features of the contemporary democratic governmentegalitarian ideology, direct rule, minority citizen participation, and the statutory exclusion of non-citizens. Thus elite social clubs provided a haven for beleaguered aristocrats; the phylai, often referred to as "tribes," evolved a mechanism for representing their special interests before the city government; an alternative territorially defined village afforded an associational life for the disfranchised; and in various groups we witness the beginnings of the inclusion of women, foreigners, and even slaves. No association, it turns out, can be fully understood except in terms of its relation to the central government. Some confirmation of the model is elicited from the design of the Cretan City in Plato's Laws, a utopian policy arguably reflecting the arrangements of the author's own Athens. Jones's book closes with a classification of the various associational "responses" and weighs the possibility that the classical Athens it reconstructs was the work of the democracy's founder, Kleisthenes.
Much of the evidence—literary, historical, documentary, and pictorial—from ancient Athens is urban in authorship, subject matter, and intended audience. The result has been the assertion of an undifferentiated monolithic "Athenian" citizen regime as often as not identifiably urban in its lifestyle, preoccupations, and attitude. In Rural Athens Under the Democracy, however, Nicholas F. Jones undertakes the first comprehensive attempt to reconstruct on its own terms the world of rural Attica outside the walls during the "classical" fifth and fourth centuries B.C. What he finds is a distinctly nonurban (and nonurbane) order dominated by a traditional, predominantly agrarian society and culture. Jones relies heavily upon the relatively neglected epigraphic record from the rural countryside and villages, as well as posing new questions of the well-known urban writings of Athenian historians, essayists, and philosophers and occasionally following the lead of Hesiod's agrarian poem Works and Days. From these sources he gleans new findings regarding settlement patterns, argues for a heretofore unrecognized system of personal patronage, explores relations between villages and the town of Athens, reconstructs the "Agrarian" Dionysia in several of its more important dimensions, and contrasts the realities of rural Attic culture with their various representations in contemporary literary and philosophical writings by Aristophanes, Xenophon, Plato, and others. Building on Jones's previous publications on the ancient Greek city-state, Rural Athens Under the Democracy presents the first holistic examination of classical extramural Attica. He challenges the received view that ancient Athens in its heyday was marked by a uniform cultural, ideological, and conspicuously citified order and, in place of the perception of things rural as mere deficits in urbanity, proposes that we look at Attica outside the walls in its own right and in positive terms.
Nicholas Jones's book examines the associations of Athens during the classical democracy of the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. Village communities, cultic groups, brotherhoods, sacerdotal families, philosophical schools, and other organizations are studied collectively under Aristotle's umbrella concept of "community," or koinonia. All such "communities," argues Jones, acquired their distinctive characteristics in response to certain key features of the contemporary democratic governmentegalitarian ideology, direct rule, minority citizen participation, and the statutory exclusion of non-citizens. Thus elite social clubs provided a haven for beleaguered aristocrats; the phylai, often referred to as "tribes," evolved a mechanism for representing their special interests before the city government; an alternative territorially defined village afforded an associational life for the disfranchised; and in various groups we witness the beginnings of the inclusion of women, foreigners, and even slaves. No association, it turns out, can be fully understood except in terms of its relation to the central government. Some confirmation of the model is elicited from the design of the Cretan City in Plato's Laws, a utopian policy arguably reflecting the arrangements of the author's own Athens. Jones's book closes with a classification of the various associational "responses" and weighs the possibility that the classical Athens it reconstructs was the work of the democracy's founder, Kleisthenes.
The evolution of business history offers some radical ways forward for a discipline which is rich in potential. This shortform book offers an expert overview of how the field has relevance for contemporary business studies as well as the social sciences more broadly, as well as practitioners interested in historical perspectives. This book not only provides a comprehensive review of how the discipline of business history has evolved over the last century, but it also lays out an agenda for the next decade. Focusing specifically on the ‘three pillars’ of research, teaching and practical impact, the authors have outlined how while the first has flourished across many continents, the latter two are struggling to overcome significant challenges associated with how the discipline is perceived, especially in the social sciences. A solution is proposed that would involve academics working more closely with practitioners, thereby increasing the discipline’s credibility across key stakeholders. The work here presented provides a concise and easily digestible overview of the topic which will be of interest to scholars, researchers and advanced students focusing on the evolution of business history and its impact on the way the world conducts business today.
Uveitis is a complex condition with a variety of causes and clinical manifestations. Certain types are extremely serious and can cause severe ocular morbidity if undetected and untreated. Even experienced ophthalmologists find it a difficult and frustrating condition, with the result that it is often misdiagnosed and mistreated. The wide array of diseases that can affect the uveal tract and the impact of immunological research – with resulting discovery of new uveitis entities – mean that clinicians managing patients with uveitis require a broad knowledge not only of relevant ophthalmology, but also immunology and general medicine. This book is designed to provide trainee and practising ophthalmologists with a user-friendly, up-to-date review of today’s body of knowledge about this difficult condition, and a practical guide to its diagnosis and management. From the foreword to the first edition, written by Jack Kanski: “(This book) presents a complex subject in a logical, systematic and easily digestible manner. I have learned much from reading it myself and some of my rather hazy ideas on the subject have been crystallised. Above all, the book contains lots of common sense. It is an excellent resumé of current knowledge which, I am sure, will be extremely useful to consultants, ophthalmologists in training, physicians, and all who deal with uveitis.” Key Points Extensively revised and updated to include latest management protocols and references High proportion of clinical photographs new to this edition, drawn from author’s personal collection and reproduced to highest quality Uveitis 2/e reflects unique experience of the author Nicholas Jones, a superb, world renowned clinician and inspiring teacher who created the Uveitis Clinic at the REH in Manchester, serving the Northwest of England and treating thousands of patients.
Western democracies often trace their political roots back to Ancient Greece. While politics today may seem the dusty domain of lawmakers and pundits, in the classical era virtually no aspect of life was beyond its reach. Political life was not limited to acts of a legislature, magistrates, and the courts but routinely included the activities of social clubs, the patronage system, and expression through literature, art, and architecture. Through these varied means, even non-enfranchised groups (such as women and non-citizens) gained entry into a wider democratic process. Beyond the citizen world of traditional politics, there existed multiple layers of Greek political life-reflecting many aspects of our own modern political landscape. Religious cults served as venues for female office-holders; private clubs and drinking parties served significant social functions. Popular athletes capitalized on their fame to run for elected office. Military veterans struggled to bring back the good old days much to the dismay of the forward-thinking ambitions of naive twenty-somethings. Liberals and conservatives of all classes battled over important issues of the day. Scandal and intrigue made or ended many a political career. Taken collectively, these aspects of political life serve as a lens for viewing the whole of Greek civilization in some of its characteristic and distinctive dimensions.
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