Most people think theres no getting around it: We have to pay taxes. But governments struggle to determine how much money to collect, how to collect it, where to collect it, and who will collect it. Even worse, citizens who cannot pay for tax adviceincluding teachers, nurses, and other high-value citizensoften carry the largest tax burden. Dr. Niaz Ahmad Khan FRCS, PhD, makes the case that while a world without taxes may seem like a pipe dream, its within our power to create. Focusing on Singapore, he explains how a mutual benefit bond system would allow nations to abolish taxes, fund initiatives, create incentives for rich and poor citizens, promote sensible public and private investments, and eliminate poverty. While Singapore is used as an example, the principles the author outlines could be used to eliminate taxes, create wealth, and improve the quality of life throughout the globe. People may laugh at the idea of a tax-free world, but they also laughed at the notion of sending astronauts to the moon, splitting the atom, and curing diseases. Open your mind to a world of possibilities with A Haven on Earth: Singapore Economy Without Duties and Taxes.
Most people think theres no getting around it: We have to pay taxes. But governments struggle to determine how much money to collect, how to collect it, where to collect it, and who will collect it. Even worse, citizens who cannot pay for tax adviceincluding teachers, nurses, and other high-value citizensoften carry the largest tax burden. Dr. Niaz Ahmad Khan F.R.C.S., Ph.D., makes the case that while a world without taxes may seem like a pipe dream, its within our power to create. Focusing on Singapore, he explains how a mutual benefit bond system would allow nations to abolish taxes, fund initiatives, create incentives for rich and poor citizens, promote sensible public and private investments, and eliminate poverty. While Singapore is used as an example, the principles the author outlines could be used to eliminate taxes, create wealth, and improve the quality of life throughout the globe. People may laugh at the idea of a tax-free world, but they also laughed at the notion of sending astronauts to the moon, splitting the atom, and curing diseases. Open your mind to a world of possibilities with A Haven On Earth: Singapore Economy Without Duties and Taxes.
This book is meant to change the world by removing poverty and government debt. This is accomplished by collecting more revenue than annual budgets without taxes within a period as short as thirty days while reducing inflation, recreating an industrial revolution, and reducing the cost of living by at least half. It will be the start of interest-free banking, the end of terrorism, the eradication of drug abuse, and much more. Traditional economists will tell you that this cant be done, but this has been proven mathematically and economically within this book. Tax and interest are the two worst enemies of mankind, causing significant problems in every country around the world. By removing these two evils, one can achieve all the aforementioned societal benefits in no time. A reward of ten million dollars is being offered to anyone who can disprove these facts! Within these pages, the United Arab Emirates has been used as a case study, in which this new and innovative methodology has been applied theoretically, with astonishing results proving all the above points beyond any doubt. With these results, even the poorest nations will become self-sufficient, without foreign aid of any kind. Read this book to discover and become part of the most compelling economic revolution of the century. These methods will change the economic system of the world, which has been based on policies, techniques, and methods that are sorely outdated. All the great economies of the world are under the giant burden of debt, and they hire the top economists of the world whose jobs are to solve these problems. In fact, all these economic giants should rethink and open their minds to the changing world order and think of practical economics, which will help the nations, and not the theories, which have no value to help anybody in the world. Discover the economic revolution within these pages and help shape the world of potential that has been proven to be possible.
This book is a sweeping historical survey of the origins, development and nature of state power. It demonstrates that Eurasia is home to a dominant tradition of arbitrary rule mediated through military, civil and ecclesiastical servants and a marginal tradition of representative and responsible government through autonomous institutions. The former tradition finds expression in hierarchically organized and ideologically legitimated continental bureaucratic states while the latter manifests itself in the state of laws. In recent times, the marginal tradition has gained in popularity and has led to continental bureaucratic states attempting to introduce democratic and constitutional reforms. These attempts have rarely altered the actual manner in which power is exercised by the state and its elites given the deeper and historically rooted experience of arbitrary rule. Far from being remote, the arbitrary culture of power that emerged in many parts of the world continues to shape the fortunes of states. To ignore this culture of power and the historical circumstances that have shaped it comes at a high price, as indicated by the ongoing democratic recession and erosion of liberal norms within states that are democracies.
Published in 1998. An International monograph publishing series covering new research into the ‘green’ issues such as government, corporate and public responses to environmental hazards, the economics of green policies and the effectiveness of environmental protection programmes.
Nobody imagined that a democratic struggle by ordinary Muslim women would hit patriarchy at its core and yield a great step forward towards gender justice. The Haji Ali Case not only challenged the patriarchy within the Muslim community but it also created space for an alternative voice which was desperately trying to speak the language of equality, justice, and democracy. This struggle created space for an open debate on womens rights and religion. A Muslim woman is a world citizen today. She has all the right to lead the change not just for herself or her community but for all humankind. This book captures the struggle to reclaim sacred spaces from patriarchal forces and hopes to inspire other similar movements led by women.
A comprehensive study of the history, politics, religion, economy, and culture of Pakistan—how it came to be, where it is, and where it is going. Pakistan occupies a position of geopolitical and strategic importance for the United States. This book explains why, and reveals the reality of this little-studied country. Although Pakistan became a country only in 1947, its people and culture have a rich history. It is a Muslim state, a nuclear power, and a politically troubled land. Pakistan stretches from the heights of the Hindu Kush to the lowlands of the Indus delta. Its people and culture are as varied as its landscape. This scholarly yet accessible work treats the full range of modern Pakistan. Its thorough examination of the country's problems—along with its strengths—makes this an ideal resource for high school or college course work, and an indispensable addition to library collections.
Religion plays a pivotal role in the way women are treated around the world, socially and legally. This book discusses three Islamic human rights approaches: secular, non-compatible, reconciliatory (compatible), and proposes a contextual interpretive approach. It is argued that the current gender discriminatory statutory Islamic laws in Islamic jurisdictions, based on the decontextualised interpretation of the Koran, can be reformed through "Ijtihad": independent individual reasoning. It is claimed that the original intention of the Koran was to protect the rights of women and raise their status in society, not to relegate them to subordination. This Koranic intention and spirit may be recaptured through the proposed contextual interpretation which in fact means using an Islamic (or insider) strategy to achieve gender equality in Muslim states and greater compatibility with international human rights law. It discusses the negative impact of the so-called statutory Islamic laws of Pakistan on the enjoyment of women's human rights and robustly challenges their Koranic foundation. While supporting the international human rights regime, this book highlights the challenges to its universality: feminism and cultural relativism. To achieve universal application, genuine voices from different cultures and groups must be accommodated. It is argued that the women's human rights regime does not cover all issues of concern to women and has a weak implementation mechanism. The book argues for effective implementation procedures to turn women's human rights into reality.
Contemporary Topics in Women’s Mental Health: Global Perspectives in a Changing Society considers both the mental health and psychiatric disorders of women in relation to global social change. The book addresses the current themes in psychiatric disorders among women: reproduction and mental health, service delivery and ethics, impact of violence, disasters and migration, women’s mental health promotion and social policy, and concludes each section with a commentary discussing important themes emerging from each chapter. Psychiatrists, sociologists and students of women’s studies will all benefit from this textbook. With a Foreword by Sir Michael Marmot, Professor of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London; Chair, Commission on Social Determinants of Health
The Nature of Science is highly topical among science teacher educators and researchers. Increasingly, it is a mandated topic in state curriculum documents. This book draws together recent research on Nature of Science studies within a historical and philosophical framework suitable for students and teacher educators. Traditional science curricula and textbooks present science as a finished product. Taking a different approach, this book provides a glimpse of “science in the making” — scientific practice imbued with arguments, controversies, and competition among rival theories and explanations. Teaching about “science in the making” is a rich source of motivating students to engage creatively with the science curriculum. Readers are introduced to “science in the making” through discussion and analysis of a wide range of historical episodes from the early 19th century to early 21st century. Recent cutting-edge research is presented to provide insight into the dynamics of scientific progress. More than 90 studies from major science education journals, related to nature of science are reviewed. A theoretical framework, field tested with in-service science teachers, is developed for moving from ‘science in the making’ to understanding the Nature of Science.
Islamic Law and the Law of Armed Conflict: The Conflict in Pakistan demonstrates how international law can be applied in Muslim states in a way that is compatible with Islamic law. Within this broader framework of compatible application, Niaz A. Shah argues that the Islamic law of qital (i.e. armed conflict) and the law of armed conflict are compatible with each other and that the former can complement the latter at national and regional levels. Shah identifies grey areas in the Islamic law of qital and argues for their expansion and clarification. Shah also calls for new rules to be developed to cover what he calls the blind spots in the Islamic law of qital. He shows how Islamic law and the law of armed conflict could contribute to each other in certain areas, such as, the law of occupation; air and naval warfare; and the use of modern weaponry. Such a contribution is neither prohibited by Islamic law nor by international law. Shah applies the Islamic law of qital and the law of armed conflict to a live armed conflict in Pakistan and argues that all parties, the Taliban, the security forces of Pakistan and the American CIA, have violated one or more of the applicable laws. He maintains that whilst militancy is a genuine problem, fighting militants does not allow or condone violation of the law. Islamic Law and the Law of Armed Conflict will be of interest to students and scholars of international law, Islamic law, international relations, security studies and south-east Asian studies.
This book covers a wide range of topics from the smart transportation domain. It discusses protocols, applications and security concerns in various vehicular networks using examples and easy-to-understand figures. The first four chapters focus on vehicular network protocols and applications, while the remaining four chapters incorporate security, trust and privacy issues with examples from real-life cases. The book concludes with a vision of what to expect in the near future and will be an invaluable resource for anybody interested in this nascent technology and its variegated applications. Dr. Niaz Chowdhury is a postdoctoral research associate at the Knowledge Media Institute, the Open University in England. Dr. Lewis M. Mackenzie is a senior lecturer in computing science at the University of Glasgow.
Most people think theres no getting around it: We have to pay taxes. But governments struggle to determine how much money to collect, how to collect it, where to collect it, and who will collect it. Even worse, citizens who cannot pay for tax adviceincluding teachers, nurses, and other high-value citizensoften carry the largest tax burden. Dr. Niaz Ahmad Khan FRCS, PhD, makes the case that while a world without taxes may seem like a pipe dream, its within our power to create. Focusing on Singapore, he explains how a mutual benefit bond system would allow nations to abolish taxes, fund initiatives, create incentives for rich and poor citizens, promote sensible public and private investments, and eliminate poverty. While Singapore is used as an example, the principles the author outlines could be used to eliminate taxes, create wealth, and improve the quality of life throughout the globe. People may laugh at the idea of a tax-free world, but they also laughed at the notion of sending astronauts to the moon, splitting the atom, and curing diseases. Open your mind to a world of possibilities with A Haven on Earth: Singapore Economy Without Duties and Taxes.
This book is meant to change the world by removing poverty and government debt. This is accomplished by collecting more revenue than annual budgets without taxes within a period as short as thirty days while reducing inflation, recreating an industrial revolution, and reducing the cost of living by at least half. It will be the start of interest-free banking, the end of terrorism, the eradication of drug abuse, and much more. Traditional economists will tell you that this cant be done, but this has been proven mathematically and economically within this book. Tax and interest are the two worst enemies of mankind, causing significant problems in every country around the world. By removing these two evils, one can achieve all the aforementioned societal benefits in no time. A reward of ten million dollars is being offered to anyone who can disprove these facts! Within these pages, the United Arab Emirates has been used as a case study, in which this new and innovative methodology has been applied theoretically, with astonishing results proving all the above points beyond any doubt. With these results, even the poorest nations will become self-sufficient, without foreign aid of any kind. Read this book to discover and become part of the most compelling economic revolution of the century. These methods will change the economic system of the world, which has been based on policies, techniques, and methods that are sorely outdated. All the great economies of the world are under the giant burden of debt, and they hire the top economists of the world whose jobs are to solve these problems. In fact, all these economic giants should rethink and open their minds to the changing world order and think of practical economics, which will help the nations, and not the theories, which have no value to help anybody in the world. Discover the economic revolution within these pages and help shape the world of potential that has been proven to be possible.
Most people think theres no getting around it: We have to pay taxes. But governments struggle to determine how much money to collect, how to collect it, where to collect it, and who will collect it. Even worse, citizens who cannot pay for tax adviceincluding teachers, nurses, and other high-value citizensoften carry the largest tax burden. Dr. Niaz Ahmad Khan F.R.C.S., Ph.D., makes the case that while a world without taxes may seem like a pipe dream, its within our power to create. Focusing on Singapore, he explains how a mutual benefit bond system would allow nations to abolish taxes, fund initiatives, create incentives for rich and poor citizens, promote sensible public and private investments, and eliminate poverty. While Singapore is used as an example, the principles the author outlines could be used to eliminate taxes, create wealth, and improve the quality of life throughout the globe. People may laugh at the idea of a tax-free world, but they also laughed at the notion of sending astronauts to the moon, splitting the atom, and curing diseases. Open your mind to a world of possibilities with A Haven On Earth: Singapore Economy Without Duties and Taxes.
Most people think there's no getting around it: We have to pay taxes. But governments struggle to determine how much money to collect, how to collect it, where to collect it, and who will collect it. Even worse, citizens who cannot pay for tax advice--including teachers, nurses, and other high-value citizens--often carry the largest tax burden. Dr. Niaz Ahmad Khan F.R.C.S., Ph.D., makes the case that while a world without taxes may seem like a pipe dream, it's within our power to create. Focusing on Singapore, he explains how a mutual benefit bond system would allow nations to abolish taxes, fund initiatives, create incentives for rich and poor citizens, promote sensible public and private investments, and eliminate poverty. While Singapore is used as an example, the principles the author outlines could be used to eliminate taxes, create wealth, and improve the quality of life throughout the globe. People may laugh at the idea of a tax-free world, but they also laughed at the notion of sending astronauts to the moon, splitting the atom, and curing diseases. Open your mind to a world of possibilities with A Haven On Earth: Singapore Economy Without Duties and Taxes.
One of the distinguishing features of plants is the presence of membrane-bound organelles called plastids. Starting from proplastids (undifferentiated plastids) they readily develop into specialised types, which are involved in a range of cellular functions such as photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, biosynthesis of sucrose, starch, chlorophyll, carotenoids, fatty acids, amino acids, and secondary metabolites as well as a number of metabolic reactions like sulphur metabolism, The central role of plastids in many aspects of plant cell biology means an in-depth understanding is key for a holistic view of plant physiology. Despite the vast amount of research, the molecular details of many aspects of plastid biology remains limited. Plastids possess their own high-copy number genome known as the plastome. Manipulation of the plastid genome has been developed as an alternative way to developing transgenic plants for various biotechnological applications. High-copy number of the plastome, site-specific integration of transgenes through homologous recombination, and potential to express proteins at high levels (>70% of total soluble proteins has been reported in some cases) are some of the technologies being developed. Additionally, plastids are inherited maternally, providing a natural gene containment system, and do not follow Mendelian laws of inheritance, allowing each individual member of the progeny of a transplastomic line to uniformly express transgene(s). Both algal and higher plant chloroplast transformation has been demonstrated, and with the ability to be propagated either in bioreactors or in the field, both systems are well suited for scale up of production. The manipulation of chloroplast genes is also essential for many approaches that attempt to increase biomass accumulation or re-routing metabolic pathways for biofortification, food and fuel production. This includes metabolic engineering for lipid production, adapting the light harvesting apparatus to improve solar conversion efficiencies and engineering means of suppressing photorespiration in crop species, which range from the introduction of artificial carbon concentrating mechanisms, or those pre-existing elsewhere in nature, to bypassing ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase entirely. The purpose of this eBook is to provide a compilation of the latest research on various aspects of plastid biology including basic biology, biopharming, metabolic engineering, bio-fortification, stress physiology, and biofuel production.
This book is meant to change the world by removing poverty and government debt. This is accomplished by collecting more revenue than annual budgets without taxes within a period as short as thirty days while reducing inflation, recreating an industrial revolution, and reducing the cost of living by at least half. It will be the start of interest-free banking, the end of terrorism, the eradication of drug abuse, and much more. Traditional economists will tell you that this can't be done, but this has been proven mathematically and economically within this book. Tax and interest are the two worst enemies of mankind, causing significant problems in every country around the world. By removing these two evils, one can achieve all the aforementioned societal benefits in no time. A reward of ten million dollars is being offered to anyone who can disprove these facts! Within these pages, the United Arab Emirates has been used as a case study, in which this new and innovative methodology has been applied theoretically, with astonishing results proving all the above points beyond any doubt. With these results, even the poorest nations will become self-sufficient, without foreign aid of any kind. Read this book to discover and become part of the most compelling economic revolution of the century. These methods will change the economic system of the world, which has been based on policies, techniques, and methods that are sorely outdated. All the great economies of the world are under the giant burden of debt, and they hire the top economists of the world whose jobs are to solve these problems. In fact, all these economic giants should rethink and open their minds to the changing world order and think of practical economics, which will help the nations, and not the theories, which have no value to help anybody in the world. Discover the economic revolution within these pages and help shape the world of potential that has been proven to be possible.
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