Partial evaluation reconciles generality with efficiency by providing automatic specialization and optimization of programs. This book covers the entire field of partial evaluation; provides simple and complete algorithms; and demonstrates that specialization can increase efficiency.
Computability and complexity theory should be of central concern to practitioners as well as theorists. Unfortunately, however, the field is known for its impenetrability. Neil Jones's goal as an educator and author is to build a bridge between computability and complexity theory and other areas of computer science, especially programming. In a shift away from the Turing machine- and G�del number-oriented classical approaches, Jones uses concepts familiar from programming languages to make computability and complexity more accessible to computer scientists and more applicable to practical programming problems. According to Jones, the fields of computability and complexity theory, as well as programming languages and semantics, have a great deal to offer each other. Computability and complexity theory have a breadth, depth, and generality not often seen in programming languages. The programming language community, meanwhile, has a firm grasp of algorithm design, presentation, and implementation. In addition, programming languages sometimes provide computational models that are more realistic in certain crucial aspects than traditional models. New results in the book include a proof that constant time factors do matter for its programming-oriented model of computation. (In contrast, Turing machines have a counterintuitive "constant speedup" property: that almost any program can be made to run faster, by any amount. Its proof involves techniques irrelevant to practice.) Further results include simple characterizations in programming terms of the central complexity classes PTIME and LOGSPACE, and a new approach to complete problems for NLOGSPACE, PTIME, NPTIME, and PSPACE, uniformly based on Boolean programs. Foundations of Computing series
The book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation, VMCAI 2009, held in Savannah, GA, USA, in January 2009 - co-located with POPL 2009, the 36th Annual Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages. The 24 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited talks and 2 invited tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 72 submissions. The papers address all current issues from the communities of verification, model checking, and abstract interpretation, facilitating interaction, cross-fertilization, and advancement of hybrid methods that combine the three areas.
Ecosystem Response Modelling in the Murray-Darling Basin provides an overview of the status of science in support of water management in Australia's largest and most economically important river catchment, and brings together the leading ecologists working in the rivers and wetlands of the Basin. It introduces the issues in ecosystem response modelling and how this area of science can support environmental watering decisions. The declining ecological condition of the internationally significant wetlands of the Murray-Darling Basin has been a prominent issue in Australia for many years. Several high profile government programs have sought to restore the flow conditions required to sustain healthy wetlands, and this book documents the scientific effort that is underpinning this task. In the Southern Murray-Darling Basin, the River Murray, the Murrumbidgee River and their associated wetlands and floodplains have been the focus of the Murray-Darling Basin Authority's 'The Living Murray' program, and the NSW Rivers Environmental Restoration Program. The book documents research aimed at informing environmental water use in a number of iconic wetlands including those along the Murray - the Barmah-Millewa Forest; the Chowilla Floodplain and Lindsay-Wallpolla Islands; the Coorong and Murray mouth; and the Murrumbidgee - the Lowbidgee Floodplain. Within the Northern Murray-Darling Basin, research conducted in support of the Wetland Recovery Plan and the NSW Rivers Environmental Restoration Program has improved our knowledge of the Gwydir Wetlands and the Macquarie Marshes, and the water regimes required to sustain their ecology.
Sets forth the state of the science and technology in plasma protein production With contributions from an international team of eighty leading experts and pioneers in the field, Production of Plasma Proteins for Therapeutic Use presents a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge about the function, use, and production of blood plasma proteins. In addition to details of the operational requirements for the production of plasma derivatives, the book describes the biology, development, research, manufacture, and clinical indications of essentially all plasma proteins with established clinical use or therapeutic potential. Production of Plasma Proteins for Therapeutic Use covers the key aspects of the plasma fractionation industry in five sections: Section 1: Introduction to Plasma Fractionation initially describes the history of transfusion and then covers the emergence of plasma collection and fractionation from its earliest days to the present time, with the commercial and not-for-profit sectors developing into a multi-billion dollar industry. Section 2: Plasma Proteins for Therapeutic Use contains 24 chapters dedicated to specific plasma proteins, including coagulation factors, albumin, immunoglobulin, and a comprehensive range of other plasma-derived proteins with therapeutic indications. Each chapter discusses the physiology, biochemistry, mechanism of action, and manufacture of each plasma protein including viral safety issues and clinical uses. Section 3: Pathogen Safety of Plasma Products examines issues and procedures for enhancing viral safety and reducing the risk of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy transmission. Section 4: The Pharmaceutical Environment Applied to Plasma Fractionation details the requirements and activities associated with plasma collection, quality assurance, compliance with regulatory requirements, provision of medical affairs support, and the manufacture of plasma products. Section 5: The Market for Plasma Products and the Economics of Fractionation reviews the commercial environment and economics of the plasma fractionation industry including future trends, highlighting regions such as Asia, which have the potential to exert a major influence on the plasma fractionation industry in the twenty-first century.
Computability Theory: An Introduction provides information pertinent to the major concepts, constructions, and theorems of the elementary theory of computability of recursive functions. This book provides mathematical evidence for the validity of the Church–Turing thesis. Organized into six chapters, this book begins with an overview of the concept of effective process so that a clear understanding of the effective computability of partial and total functions is obtained. This text then introduces a formal development of the equivalence of Turing machine computability, enumerability, and decidability with other formulations. Other chapters consider the formulas of the predicate calculus, systems of recursion equations, and Post's production systems. This book discusses as well the fundamental properties of the partial recursive functions and the recursively enumerable sets. The final chapter deals with different formulations of the basic ideas of computability that are equivalent to Turing-computability. This book is a valuable resource for undergraduate or graduate students.
Fungi research and knowledge grew rapidly following recent advances in genetics and genomics. This book synthesizes new knowledge with existing information to stimulate new scientific questions and propel fungal scientists on to the next stages of research. This book is a comprehensive guide on fungi, environmental sensing, genetics, genomics, interactions with microbes, plants, insects, and humans, technological applications, and natural product development.
This ground-breaking volume covers 42 species of terrestrial mammal – from the red deer to the pygmy shrew, from the pine marten to the hedgehog. The subject is introduced for the first time as a single overarching field of study, including guidance on survey methods, analysis of sound recordings and appropriate software. The book covers species in Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. Containing over 300 figures in total, each species is considered in detail, with specific spectrogram examples. Furthermore, the book allows the reader access to a downloadable sound library containing more than 250 recordings. The authors have extensive experience and expertise in bioacoustics, including in the sound identification of mammals. They are also heavily involved in creating tools that use machine-learning algorithms to recognise mammal species from their calls. A real ear-opener, this will be the essential handbook for many years to come, serving ecological consultants, academics, conservationists, hobbyists and serious mammal recorders alike.
Covering pertinent basic science and offering today's most authoritative guidance on clinical management, Fetal Medicine, 3rd Edition, is a must-have resource for obstetricians and other healthcare professionals involved in care of the fetus. An international team of expert contributors delivers the knowledge and background you need to effectively diagnose and treat fetal disorders – everything from prenatal screening and diagnostic tests to common and rare prenatal conditions, early pregnancy loss, ethical issues, and much more. - Focuses on fetal medicine throughout, bringing you today's most reliable information in both basic science and clinical topics. - Offers updated information from cover to cover, including new coverage of genetics, embryology, and clinical management. - Features new self-assessment questions and new images throughout – for a total of nearly 1,000 photographs and line drawings, as well as more than 150 quick-reference tables. - Details fast-changing developments in fetal medicine, including advances in ultrasound imaging, cytogenetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry. - Helps you learn and retrieve complex information quickly thanks to succinct, highly structured text; key points at the beginning of each chapter; and concise chapter summaries. New editor team – 3 new editors with an international approach – they will select qualified authors who can discuss the basic science as well as the clinical aspects of perinatal problems Updated knowledge content – major areas of change are non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and genetic testing – Ron Wapner is one of the leaders in these fields Expert Consult access – individual electronic access for the first time 4-color design – current design is b&w so will update with new colors and colorize the drawings.
An innovation guide for business leaders, managers, and new product developers. The Innovator's Toolkit explains all the fundamental tools and concepts anyone involved in innovation should be familiar with--especially methods and strategies for improving products and services and developing new ones. This book is written in an easy-to-use reference format that helps readers understand why, when, and how to apply each tool. The tools and techniques in this book are organized around a four-step innovation methodology--define, discover, develop, and demonstrate--that takes readers through problem identification, then flows into idea generation, idea selection, and, finally, idea implementation. Constant innovation is a necessity for business success today; The Innovator's Toolkit presents an effective plan for achieving it.
Tacit knowledge is the form of implicit knowledge that we rely on for learning. It is invoked in a wide range of intellectual inquiries, from traditional academic subjects to more pragmatically orientated investigations into the nature and transmission of skills and expertise. Notwithstanding its apparent pervasiveness, the notion of tacit knowledge is a complex and puzzling one. What is its status as knowledge? What is its relation to explicit knowledge? What does it mean to say that knowledge is tacit? Can it be measured? Recent years have seen a growing interest from philosophers in understanding the nature of tacit knowledge. Philosophers of science have discussed its role in scientific problem-solving; philosophers of language have been concerned with the speaker's relation to grammatical theories; and phenomenologists have attempted to describe the relation of explicit theoretical knowledge to a background understanding of matters that are taken for granted. This book seeks to bring a unity to these diverse philosophical discussions by clarifying their conceptual underpinnings. In addition the book advances a specific account of tacit knowledge that elucidates the importance of the concept for understanding the character of human cognition, and demonstrates the relevance of the recommended account to those concerned with the communication of expertise. The book will be of interest to philosophers of language, epistemologists, cognitive psychologists and students of theoretical linguistics.
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 802: Volume Reduction of Highway Runoff in Urban Areas: Guidance Manual explores practices for the reduction of stormwater volumes in urban highway environments. The report outlines a five-step process for the identification, evaluation, and design of solutions for runoff volume reduction based on site-specific conditions. The manual also includes a set of volume reduction approach fact sheets and a user guide for the Volume Performance Tool." -- publisher's description
This compact and accessible reference work provides all the essential facts and figures about major aspects of modern Irish history from the passing of the Act of Union to the premiership of Bertie Ahern. Offering a full chronology , this book gives the reader a full insight on major aspects of modern Irish history. The book explores population, education, social structure and religion; economic statistics covering agriculture, trade, prices and wages, transport and unemployment and a further wealth of material on Irish women's history, treaties, elections, law, communications, a glossary and biographical information.
This book proposes a new model, the Lean and Green Business Model (L&GBM), where the environmental aspect of sustainability is integrated with Lean thinking in order to create a way of thinking that contributes to and balances the three sustainability dimensions of people, profit, and planet. The model presented uses a kaizen approach that will
An outline of the main forms of educational tourism, discussing their growth and resulting impacts and management issues from a holistic perspective. Using case studies, the author argues that without adequate research and management the potential impacts and benefits of educational tourism will not be maximized. The text highlights the need for collaboration between both the tourism and education industry to manage the growth and issues relevant within educational tourism adequately.
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