Applying the CDE concept to conflict and post conflict states provides a means to achieve sustainable development and lasting peace. Conflict is a complex and prevalent theme within the scope of international relations. It is multifaceted and can be dependent on a variety of factors. These can simply boil down to an incompatibility of goals or can be as complicated as a long standing ethnic or religious disagreement. Conflict is largely characterized by the context in which it exists and colored by the unique political and historical features of a given nation-state. Conflict zones are then further convoluted by already existing attempts to resolve the conflict as well as the disposition of the people most affected by the conflict. With these factors in mind, conflict analysis is a task that requires the careful assessment of several layers. Moreover, any endeavor to appease conflict zones must cautiously traverse social, cultural and economic issues (amongst others). Ultimately, conflict presents a difficult picture that must be carefully and appropriately approached. Where this book is directed is towards the ways in which conflict is analyzed, theorized and resolved. The modern face of conflict presents an increasing amount of wars as well as ongoing conflicts that are approached both directly and indirectly by the relevant parties. This is exacerbated by the fact that already existing methods of conflict resolution are not effectively implemented in such a way that is ongoing. A new concept called the Community Development Enterprise (CDE) proposes an approach of conflict resolution based on decentralization and micro-business economic models. Herein the CDE shifts the focus of conflict resolution to development based on empowering the individuals affected by the conflict by establishing community enterprises in states affected by conflict. As such, a fundamental aspect of the CDE is to incorporate a Human Rights Based Approach (HRBA) to development. The CDE ess
The post Cold War period saw the emergence of armed conflicts, the transformation of the concept of international security and the deepening of economic inequality and social exclusion. The global community has been reformed through an international convergence of agendas on topics such as peace, security and development. Focus has been placed on individuals and communities with the evolution of concepts such as human security, a HRBA to development and the "responsibility to protect" norm. Evidence of such global phenomena can be identified through the observation of conflict trends in recent years. After nearly two decades of decline, the numbers of conflict have begun to increase. Research shows that in 2012, a total of 396 conflicts were counted, marking a significant rise from 2011. Among these conflicts were 18 wars and 25 limited wars, indicating that there were 43 highly violent conflicts. Another 165 conflicts were classified as violent crises. So in 2012, a total of 208 conflicts out of 396 conflicts in total were conducted with the use of violence. Conflicts are generally solved by forceful intervention or by diplomatic mediation between the respective parties. Historically most major conflicts have been resolved using forceful intervention. However, this is not a sustainable or durable solution because the underlying cause of the conflict is not addressed and the people most affected by the conflict are not prioritized. For sustainable peace to be achieved the core of the conflict needs to be resolved. The core of most conflicts is often connected to the issues that catalysed the conflict (economic, ideology, etc.) and then exacerbated by the needs of the people affected by the conflict not being met. Empowering the individual should be the focal point for conflict resolution projects in order to make sustainable outcomes possible. The Community Development Enterprise (CDE) concept hopes to provide a vehicle for the sustainable resolution of conflict
This volume examines the economic problems of Arab countries following the Arab Spring. The authors argue that reforms need to accomplish four objectives: more opportunities for youth, modernization of the state, creation of a competitive private economy, and integration of Arab countries with the global economy.
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