National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board. Committee for the Study of Freight Capacity for the Next Century's Books

Freight Capacity for the 21st Century

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board. Committee for the Study of Freight Capacity for the Next Century

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Freight Capacity for the 21st Century

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board. Committee for the Study of Freight Capacity for the Next Century

Recommends development of a national policy to promote better management and investment decisions in order to maintain and improve the capacity of the nation's freight system. This report recommends four principles to guide decisions about using, enlarging, funding, or regulating the freight transportation system.

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166

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Transportation Research Board

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ISBN 10

030907746X

ISBN 13

9780309077460

Freight Capacity for the 21st Century

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board. Committee for the Study of Freight Capacity for the Next Century

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Freight Capacity for the 21st Century

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board. Committee for the Study of Freight Capacity for the Next Century

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166

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Transportation Research Board

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030907746X

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9780309077460

Corps of Engineers Water Resources Infrastructure

Deterioration, Investment, or Divestment?

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Water Resources Science, Engineering, and Planning

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Corps of Engineers Water Resources Infrastructure

Deterioration, Investment, or Divestment?

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Water Resources Science, Engineering, and Planning

Over the past century, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has built a vast network of water management infrastructure that includes approximately 700 dams, 14,000 miles of levees, 12,000 miles of river navigation channels and control structures, harbors and ports, and other facilities. Historically, the construction of new infrastructure dominated the Corps' water resources budget and activities. Today, national water needs and priorities increasingly are shifting to operations, maintenance, and rehabilitation of existing infrastructure, much of which has exceeded its design life. However, since the mid-1980s federal funding for new project construction and major rehabilitation has declined steadily. As a result, much of the Corps' water resources infrastructure is deteriorating and wearing out faster than it is being replaced. Corps of Engineers Water Resources Infrastrucutre: Deterioration, Investment, or Divestment? explores the status of operations, maintenance, and rehabilitation of Corps water resources infrastructure, and identifies options for the Corps and the nation in setting maintenance and rehabilitation priorities.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309264766

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9780309264761

Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World

An Assessment of U.S. Needs

By: National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Marine Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on the Assessment of U.S. Coast Guard Polar Icebreaker Roles and Future Needs

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Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World

An Assessment of U.S. Needs

The United States has enduring national and strategic interests in the polar regions, including citizens living above the Arctic circle and three year-round scientific stations in the Antarctic. Polar icebreaking ships are needed to access both regions. Over the past several decades, the U.S. government has supported a fleet of four icebreakersâ€"three multi-mission U.S. Coast Guard ships (the POLAR SEA, POLAR STAR, and HEALY) and the National Science Foundation's PALMER, which is dedicated solely to scientific research. Today, the POLAR STAR and the POLAR SEA are at the end of their service lives, and a lack of funds and no plans for an extension of the program has put U.S. icebreaking capability at risk. This report concludes that the United States should continue to support its interests in the Arctic and Antarctic for multiple missions, including maintaining leadership in polar science. The report recommends that the United States immediately program, budget, design, and construct two new polar icebreakers to be operated by the U.S. Coast Guard. The POLAR SEA should remain mission capable and the POLAR STAR should remain available for reactivation until the new polar icebreakers enter service. The U.S. Coast Guard should be provided sufficient operations and maintenance budget to support an increased, regular, and influential presence in the Arctic, with support from other agencies. The report also calls for a Presidential Decision Directive to clearly align agency responsibilities and budgetary authorities.

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135

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309103215

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9780309103213

Securing the Future of U.S. Air Transportation

A System in Peril

By: National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Studies and Information Services,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Committee on Aeronautics Research and Technology for Vision 2050

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Securing the Future of U.S. Air Transportation

A System in Peril

As recently as the summer of 2001, many travelers were dreading air transportation because of extensive delays associated with undercapacity of the system. That all changed on 9/11, and demand for air transportation has not yet returned to peak levels. Most U.S. airlines continue to struggle for survival, and some have filed for bankruptcy. The situation makes it difficult to argue that strong action is urgently needed to avert a crisis of undercapacity in the air transportation system. This report assesses the visions and goals for U.S. civil aviation and technology goals for the year 2050.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030918259X

ISBN 13

9780309182591

Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

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Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean remains one of the world's last frontiers. Covering nearly 14 million km² (an area approximately 1.4 times the size of the United States), Antarctica is the coldest, driest, highest, and windiest continent on Earth. While it is challenging to live and work in this extreme environment, this region offers many opportunities for scientific research. Ever since the first humans set foot on Antarctica a little more than a century ago, the discoveries made there have advanced our scientific knowledge of the region, the world, and the Universe-but there is still much more to learn. However, conducting scientific research in the harsh environmental conditions of Antarctica is profoundly challenging. Substantial resources are needed to establish and maintain the infrastructure needed to provide heat, light, transportation, and drinking water, while at the same time minimizing pollution of the environment and ensuring the safety of researchers. Future Science Opportunities in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean suggests actions for the United States to achieve success for the next generation of Antarctic and Southern Ocean science. The report highlights important areas of research by encapsulating each into a single, overarching question. The questions fall into two broad themes: (1) those related to global change, and (2) those related to fundamental discoveries. In addition, the report identified key science questions that will drive research in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean in coming decades, and highlighted opportunities to be leveraged to sustain and improve the U.S. research efforts in the region.

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212

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309214696

ISBN 13

9780309214698

Improving the Efficiency of Engines for Large Nonfighter Aircraft

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Air Force Studies Board,Committee on Analysis of Air Force Engine Efficiency Improvement Options for Large Non-fighter Aircraft

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Improving the Efficiency of Engines for Large Nonfighter Aircraft

Because of the important national defense contribution of large, non-fighter aircraft, rapidly increasing fuel costs and increasing dependence on imported oil have triggered significant interest in increased aircraft engine efficiency by the U.S. Air Force. To help address this need, the Air Force asked the National Research Council (NRC) to examine and assess technical options for improving engine efficiency of all large non-fighter aircraft under Air Force command. This report presents a review of current Air Force fuel consumption patterns; an analysis of previous programs designed to replace aircraft engines; an examination of proposed engine modifications; an assessment of the potential impact of alternative fuels and engine science and technology programs, and an analysis of costs and funding requirements.

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193

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309103991

ISBN 13

9780309103992

Information Technology in the Service Society

A Twenty-First Century Lever

By: National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee to Study the Impact of Information Technology on the Performance of Service Activities

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Information Technology in the Service Society

A Twenty-First Century Lever

By: National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee to Study the Impact of Information Technology on the Performance of Service Activities

Information technology has been touted as a boon for productivity, but measuring the benefits has been difficult. This volume examines what macroeconomic data do and do not show about the impact of information technology on service-sector productivity. This book assesses the ways in which different service firms have selected and implemented information technology, examining the impact of different management actions and styles on the perceived benefits of information technology in services.

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286

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309048761

ISBN 13

9780309048767

Evaluation of the National Aerospace Initiative

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Air Force Science and Technology Board,Committee on the National Aerospace Initiative

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Evaluation of the National Aerospace Initiative

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Air Force Science and Technology Board,Committee on the National Aerospace Initiative

The National Aerospace Initiative (NAI) was conceived as a joint effort between the Department of Defense (DOD) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to sustain the aerospace leadership of the United States through the acceleration of selected aerospace technologies: hypersonic flight, access to space, and space technologies. The Air Force became concerned about the NAI's possible consequences on Air Force programs and budget if NAI program decisions differed from Air Force priorities. To examine this issue, it asked the NRC for an independent review of the NAI. This report presents the results of that assessment. It focuses on three questions asked by the Air Force: is NAI technically feasible in the time frame laid out; is it financially feasible over that period; and is it operationally relevant.

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147

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309091756

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9780309091756

A Concept for a National Freight Data Program

By: National Research Council (U.S). Committee on Freight Transportation Data: a Framework for Development

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A Concept for a National Freight Data Program

By: National Research Council (U.S). Committee on Freight Transportation Data: a Framework for Development

Calls upon the Department of Transportation and its Bureau of Transportation Statistics to take the lead in coordinating freight data collection in the US. This work focuses on increasing the linkages between sources of data and filling data gaps to develop a source of timely and reliable data on freight flows. A national framework is needed.

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130

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309085705

ISBN 13

9780309085700

Paying Our Way

Estimating Marginal Social Costs of Freight Transportation -- Special Report 246

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for Study of Public Policy for Surface Freight Transportation,Transportation Research Board

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Paying Our Way

Estimating Marginal Social Costs of Freight Transportation -- Special Report 246

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for Study of Public Policy for Surface Freight Transportation,Transportation Research Board

Provides a preliminary examination of whether shippers of domestic surface freight pay the full social costs of the services that they use. This study is intended not to provide definitive answers as to whether shippers pay their full social costs, but rather to determine the feasibility of making such estimates.

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184

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309062179

ISBN 13

9780309062176

Truck Weight Limits

Issues and Options

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Truck Weight Study

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Truck Weight Limits

Issues and Options

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Truck Weight Study

To help assess proposals for further changes in federal truck weight limits, Congress requested this study through Section 158 of the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987. To conduct the study, the National Research Council convened a special Transportation Research Board committee with experts in pavements, bridges, highway safety, freight transportation economics, motor vehicle design, highway administration, motor carrier operations, and enforcement of motor vehicle regulations. The study focused on four issues identified in the study request that involve potential changes to federal weight limits for Interstate highways: (1) Elimination of existing grandfather provisions; (2) Alternative methods for determining gross vehicle weight and axle loadings; (3) Adequacy of the current federal bridge formula; and (4) Treatment of specialized hauling vehicles--garbage trucks, dump trucks, and other trucks with short wheel bases that have difficulty complying with the current federal bridge formula. For each of these issues, the study committee estimated the nationwide effects of changes in federal limits proposed by the trucking industry, highway agencies, and other groups. Projections of heavy-truck miles by type of truck, region of the country, highway functional class, and operating weight were developed for a base case and alternative truck weight regulatory scenarios. These projections were then used to estimate impacts on truck costs, pavements, bridges, and safety.

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322

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309049555

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9780309049559

National Conference on Setting an Intermodal Transportation Research Framework, Washington, D.C., March 4-5, 1996

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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National Conference on Setting an Intermodal Transportation Research Framework, Washington, D.C., March 4-5, 1996

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

The conference on Setting an Intermodal Research Framework brought together a distinguished assembly of public officials, academicians, commercial leaders, and military specialists. During the conference, each of these groups of professionals found noteworthy synergies in their intermodal interests. Papers contained in these proceedings reflect those synergies. The conference was another step toward a strengthened intermodal partnership.

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108

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309059682

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9780309059688

In Pursuit of Speed

New Options for Intercity Passenger Transport

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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In Pursuit of Speed

New Options for Intercity Passenger Transport

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

Assesses the applicability of high-speed ground transportation (HSGT) technologies to meet the demand for passenger transportation service in high-density travel markets and corridors in the United States. This report recommends that USDOT develop the capacity to analyze investments in intercity travel modes.

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196

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Transportation Research Board

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ISBN 10

0309051223

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9780309051224

Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st Century

Proceedings of Two Conferences : Washington, D.C., February 7-10, 1999 : Irvine, California, April 25-28, 1999

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st Century

Proceedings of Two Conferences : Washington, D.C., February 7-10, 1999 : Irvine, California, April 25-28, 1999

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

Two conferences on Refocusing Transportation Planning for the 21st Century were held in 1999 following passage of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21). The first conference focused on the identification of key trends, issues, and general areas of research. The results of Conference I, which produced stand-alone products, were used as input for Conference II. The second conference had the specific objective of producing research problem statements. Its mission was to review the results of the first conference by developing these statements. Conference II produced a number of detailed research statements that form the basis for the National Agenda for Transportation Planning Research. The proceedings of both conferences are presented in this report.

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356

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Transportation Research Board

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ISBN 10

0309071232

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9780309071239

Regulation of Weights, Lengths, and Widths of Commercial Motor Vehicles

Special Report 267

By: Transportation Research Board

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Regulation of Weights, Lengths, and Widths of Commercial Motor Vehicles

Special Report 267

By: Transportation Research Board

TRB Special Report 267 - Regulation of Weights, Lengths, and Widths of Commercial Motor Vehicles recommends the creation of an independent public organization to evaluate the effects of truck traffic, pilot studies of new truck designs, and a change in federal law authorizing states to issue permits for operation of larger trucks on the Interstates. In 1991, Congress placed a freeze on maximum truck weights and dimensions. Some safety groups were protesting against the safety implications of increased truck size and weight, and the railroads were objecting to the introduction of vehicles they deemed to have an unfair advantage. Railroads, unlike trucking firms, must pay for the capital costs of their infrastructure. The railroads contend that large trucks do not pay sufficient taxes to compensate for the highway damage they cause and the environmental costs they generate. Although Congress apparently hoped it had placed a cap on maximum truck dimensions in 1991, such has not proven to be the case. Carriers operating under specific conditions have been able to seek and obtain special exceptions from the federal freeze by appealing directly to Congress (without any formal review of the possible consequences), thereby encouraging additional firms to seek similar exceptions. In the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, Congress requested a TRB study to review federal policies on commercial vehicle dimensions. The committee that undertook the study that resulted in Special Report 267 found that regulatory analyses of the benefits and costs of changes in truck dimensions are hampered by a lack of information. Regulatory decisions on such matters will always entail a degree of risk and uncertainty, but the degree of uncertainty surrounding truck issues is uunusually high and unnecessary. The committee concluded that the uncertainty could be alleviated if procedures were established for carrying out a program oof basic and applied research, and if evaluation and monitoring were permanent components of the administration of trucking regulations. The committee recommended immediate changes in federal regulations that would allow for a federally supervised permit program. The program would permit the operation of vehicles heavier than would normally be allowed, provided that the changes applied only to vehicles with a maximum weight of 90,000 pounds, double trailer configurations with each trailer up to 33 feet, and an overall weight limit governed by the federal bridge formula. Moreover, enforcement of trucks operating under such a program should be strengthened, and the permits should require that users pay the costs they occasion. States should be free to choose whether to participate in the permit program. Those that elected to do so would be required to have in place a program of bridge management, safety monitoring, enforcement, and cost recovery, overseen by the federal government. The fundamental problem involved in evaluating proposals for changes in truck dimensions is that their effects can often only be estimated or modeled. The data available for estimating safety consequences in particular are inadequate and probably always will be. Thus, the committee that conducted this study concluded that the resulting analyses usually involve a high degree of uncertainty. What is needed is some way to evaluate potential changes through limited and carefully controlled trials, much as proposed new drugs are tested before being allowed in widespread use. The committee recommended that a new independent entity be created to work with private industry in evaluating new concepts and recommending changes to regulatory agencies. Limited pilot tests would be required, which would need to be carefully designed to avoid undue risks and ensure proper evaluation. Special vehicles could be allowed to operate under carefully controlled circumstances, just as oversize and overweight vehicles are allowed to operate under special permits in many states. Changes in federal laws and regulations would be required to allow states to issue such permits on an expanded network of highways, under the condition that a rigorous program of monitoring and evaluation be instituted.Special Report 269 Summary

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283

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030907701X

ISBN 13

9780309077019

Railroad Freight Transportation Research Needs

Proceedings of a Conference, Bethesda, Maryland, July 12-14, 1993

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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Railroad Freight Transportation Research Needs

Proceedings of a Conference, Bethesda, Maryland, July 12-14, 1993

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

The primary objective of this conference was to identify railroad freight transportation research needs, opportunities, and priorities--for both the public and private sectors--during the next 10 to 15 years. Four major recurring themes emerged during the conference: customer focus, appropriate use of information, integration among train system components and between technology and people, and the need for cooperation at many different levels--public-private, industry-suppliers, management-labor, and domestic-international. Guided by these themes, conference participants focused on research needs in four major categories: infrastructure, including track, vehicles, and track-train dynamics; command, control, communication, and information systems; service management; and energy and environment. Safety was identified as a critical topic and considered as an element of each major category.

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149

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309055032

ISBN 13

9780309055031

Policy Options for Intermodal Freight Transportation

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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Policy Options for Intermodal Freight Transportation

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

Recognizes the importance of freight transportation to the US and that intermodal freight transportation is a major technological and organizational trend affecting the sector's performance. Examining policy options, this report views that public investment in freight facilities is complex and they have been usually financed by the private sector.

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332

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309064511

ISBN 13

9780309064514

Book's by National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board. Committee for the Study of Freight Capacity for the Next Century

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