National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism. Panel on Transportation's Books

Deterrence, Protection, and Preparation

The New Transportation Security Imperative

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism. Panel on Transportation,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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Deterrence, Protection, and Preparation

The New Transportation Security Imperative

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism. Panel on Transportation,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

Examines the role of science and technology in countering terrorism. This work presents advice on a strategic approach to transportation security that recognizes the need to move people and goods efficiently and the need to improve security against terrorism.

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Transportation Research Board

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ISBN 10

0309077109

ISBN 13

9780309077101

Countering Bioterrorism

The Role of Science and Technology

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism,Panel on Biological Issues

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Countering Bioterrorism

The Role of Science and Technology

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism,Panel on Biological Issues

The attacks of September 11 and the release of anthrax spores revealed enormous vulnerabilities in the U.S. public-health infrastructure and suggested similar vulnerabilities in the agricultural infrastructure as well. The traditional public health response-surveillance (intelligence), prevention, detection, response, recovery, and attribution-is the paradigm for the national response not only to all forms of terrorism but also to emerging infectious diseases. Thus, investments in research on bioterrorism will have enormous potential for application in the detection, prevention, and treatment of emerging infectious diseases that also are unpredictable and against which we must be prepared. The deciphering of the human genome sequence and the complete elucidation of numerous pathogen genomes, our rapidly increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis and of immune responses, and new strategies for designing drugs and vaccines all offer unprecedented opportunities to use science to counter bioterrorist threats. But these same developments also allow science to be misused to create new agents of mass destruction. Hence the effort to confront bioterrorism must be a global one. Countering Bioterrorism makes the following recommendations: Recommendation 1: All agencies with responsibility for homeland security should work together to establish stronger and more meaningful working ties between the intelligence, S&T, and public health communities. Recommendation 2: Federal agencies should work cooperatively and in collaboration with industry to develop and evaluate rapid, sensitive, and specific early-detection technologies. Recommendation 3: Create a global network for detection and surveillance, making use of computerized methods for real-time reporting and analysis to rapidly detect new patterns of disease locally, nationally, and ultimately- internationally. The use of high-throughput methodologies that are being increasingly utilized in modern biological research should be an important component of this expanded and highly automated surveillance strategy. Recommendation 4: Use knowledge of complex biological patterns and high-throughput laboratory automation to classify and diagnose infections in patients in primary care settings. Recommendation 5: USDA should create an agency for control and prevention of plant disease. This agency should have the capabilities necessary to deal effectively with biothreats.

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105

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309086078

ISBN 13

9780309086073

Hidden Costs of Energy

Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Health, Environmental, and Other External Costs and Benefits of Energy Production and Consumption

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Hidden Costs of Energy

Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use

Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security. While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.

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506

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309155800

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9780309155809

Deterrence, Protection, and Preparation

The New Transportation Security Imperative

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism. Panel on Transportation,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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Deterrence, Protection, and Preparation

The New Transportation Security Imperative

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism. Panel on Transportation,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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0309077109

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9780309077101

Partnering Against Terrorism

Summary of a Workshop

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy,Committee on Government-Industry Partnerships for the Development of New Technologies,Charles W. Wessner

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Partnering Against Terrorism

Summary of a Workshop

Terrorism and the measures needed to prevent terrorist attacks pose a central policy challenge for the U.S. To meet this unprecedented challenge, the U.S. has great technological assets. What is needed are mechanisms to help the government draw on these strengths in a timely and effective fashion. To do so, the government needs to reach out to university researchers, national laboratories, small, high-tech businesses and leading corporations. One of the most effective ways to do this is through public-private partnerships. To link the lessons of the National Academies study on "Government-Industry Partnerships" to this critical national interest, the Academy organized a conference to bring the lessons of its analysis to bear on the war on terror. By encouraging policy attention to examples of effective public-private partnerships (in particular, the need for clear goals and regular assessments), this report contributes to a better understanding of the potential partnerships to bring new security-enhancing technologies and equipment to the market in a cost-effective and timely manner.

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164

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309165121

ISBN 13

9780309165129

Improving Surface Transportation Security

A Research and Development Strategy

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Transportation Research Board,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,National Materials Advisory Board,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems,Committee on R&D Strategies to Improve Surface Transportation Security

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Improving Surface Transportation Security

A Research and Development Strategy

The surface transportation system is vital to our nation's economy, defense, and quality of life. Because threats against the system have hitherto been perceived as minor, little attention has been paid to its security. But the world is changing, as highlighted by dramatic incidents such as the terrorist chemical attack on the Tokyo subway in 1995. As a consequence, security concerns are now attracting more attentionâ€"appropriately so, for the threat is real, and responding to it is hard. Although the surface transportation system is remarkably resilient, it is also open and decentralized, making a security response challenging. Research and development can contribute to that response in important ways. Some important themes emerge from analysis of this strategy. First, a dual-use approach, in which security objectives are furthered at the same time as other transportation goals, can encourage the implementation of security technologies and processes. Second, modeling could be used more to develop a better understanding of the scope of the security problem. Third, DOT can play an important role in developing and disseminating information about best practices that use existing technologies and processes, including low-technology alternatives. Finally, security should be considered as part of a broader picture, not a wholly new and different problem but one that is similar and closely connected to the transportation community's previous experience in responding to accidents, natural disasters, and hazardous materials.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309172632

ISBN 13

9780309172639

Advanced Vehicle and Highway Technologies

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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Advanced Vehicle and Highway Technologies

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

This session contains the following papers: Status of IVHS operational tests in the United States (Baxter, JR); Evaluation of a motorist information system using computer display terminals (Thompson, BA and Holcombe, TW); TravTek: An advanced traveler information system (Rupert, R); Human factors considerations in the development of an IVHS system - Night vision enhancement (Lunenfeld, H and Stephens, BW); Evaluation of alternative AVI/ETTM configurations at toll barriers (Pietrzyk, MC).

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104

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309051215

ISBN 13

9780309051217

Technology Pathways

Assessing the Integrated Plan for a Next Generation Air Transportation System

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board,Committee on Technology Pathways: Assessing the Integrated Plan for a Next Generation Air Transportation System

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Technology Pathways

Assessing the Integrated Plan for a Next Generation Air Transportation System

In 2003, Congress directed the Secretary of Transportation to establish the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NGATS) Joint Planning and Development Office (JDPO) to plan the development of an air transportation system capable of meeting potential air traffic demand for 2025. All federal agencies involved in aviation participate in the JDPO providing the opportunity overcome many of the major barriers to developing an effective NGATS. To assist this process, the NRC was asked to examine the first NGATS Integrated Plan prepared by JPDO and submitted to Congress in 2004. This report provides a review of the vision and goals, the operational concepts, and the R&D roadmap developed by the plan; an analysis of the JDPO integrated product teams created to carry out the planning; and an assessment of the implementation process.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309097339

ISBN 13

9780309097338

Data for Decisions

Requirements for National Transportation Policy Making

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Study of Strategic Transportation Data Needs,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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Data for Decisions

Requirements for National Transportation Policy Making

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Study of Strategic Transportation Data Needs,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

TRB Special Report 234 - Data for Decisions: Requirements for National Transportation Policy Making examines data requirements necessary to support strategic transportation policy making and the institutional changes necessary to make those data available on a permanent basis. The report calls for the establishment of a statistical agency within USDOT (this recommendation became helped create the Bureau of Transportation Statistics), the development of performance indicators, and regular reporting to the Secretary and Congress on important trends in system performance.

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180

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309051568

ISBN 13

9780309051569

Policy Options for Reducing Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Transportation

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for a Study of Potential Energy Savings and Greenhouse Gas Reductions from Transportation

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Policy Options for Reducing Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Transportation

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for a Study of Potential Energy Savings and Greenhouse Gas Reductions from Transportation

It is not intended to model or quantify the impacts of each policy option over time but instead to examine the means by which each influences behavior and the demand for and supply of energy- and emissions-saving technology, particularly in the modes of transportation with the greatest effect on the sector's consumption of petroleum and emissions of GHGs. In choosing among policies, elected officials must take into account many factors that could not be examined in this study, such as the full range of safety, economic, and environmental implications of their choices; therefore, the report does not recommend a specific suite of policies to pursue. Instead, the emphasis is on assessing each policy approach with regard to its applicability across transportation modes and its ability to affect the total amount of energy-intensive transportation activity, the efficiency of transportation vehicles, and GHG emissions characteristics of the sector's energy supply.

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228

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309167426

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9780309167420

Interim Report of a Review of the Next Generation Air Transportation System Enterprise Architecture, Software, Safety, and Human Factors

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee to Review the Enterprise Architecture, Software Development Approach, and Safety and Human Factor Design of the Next Generation Air Transportation System

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Interim Report of a Review of the Next Generation Air Transportation System Enterprise Architecture, Software, Safety, and Human Factors

The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) is an effort begun in 2003 whose goals include improving the capacity, efficiency, and safety of the U.S. air transportation system and also enabling reduction in noise, pollution, and energy use. The Federal Aviation Administration and various stakeholders, including equipment providers, airlines, and contractors, are currently implementing both near-term and midterm capabilities of this effort. Interim Report of a Review of the Next Generation Air Transportation System Enterprise Architecture, Software, Safety, and Human Factors is part of a larger project to examine NextGen's enterprise architecture and related issues. This interim report provides an initial assessment focusing on challenges of system architecture for software-intensive systems.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309298342

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9780309298346

Guidebook for Selecting Appropriate Technology Systems for Small Urban and Rural Public Transportation Operators

By: UNC Institute for Transportation Research and Education,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board,Transit Cooperative Research Program

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Guidebook for Selecting Appropriate Technology Systems for Small Urban and Rural Public Transportation Operators

By: UNC Institute for Transportation Research and Education,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board,Transit Cooperative Research Program

This Guidebook is intended to support public transportation professionals in identifying and implementing appropriate technologies for their transit systems. It can be useful in the procurement of low-tech solutions, such as off-the-shelf computer software, as well as high-tech systems, such as automatic vehicle location systems. The intended audience for this Guidebook includes transit operators managing rural and small urban transit systems of varying size.

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Transportation Research Board

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ISBN 10

0309067235

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9780309067232

A Review of the Next Generation Air Transportation System

Implications and Importance of System Architecture

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A Review of the Next Generation Air Transportation System

Implications and Importance of System Architecture

The Next Generation Air Transportation System's (NextGen) goal is the transformation of the U.S. national airspace system through programs and initiatives that could make it possible to shorten routes, navigate better around weather, save time and fuel, reduce delays, and improve capabilities for monitoring and managing of aircraft. A Review of the Next Generation Air Transportation provides an overview of NextGen and examines the technical activities, including human-system design and testing, organizational design, and other safety and human factor aspects of the system, that will be necessary to successfully transition current and planned modernization programs to the future system. This report assesses technical, cost, and schedule risk for the software development that will be necessary to achieve the expected benefits from a highly automated air traffic management system and the implications for ongoing modernization projects. The recommendations of this report will help the Federal Aviation Administration anticipate and respond to the challenges of implementing NextGen.

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125

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309371813

ISBN 13

9780309371810

Travel Matters

Mitigating Climate Change with Sustainable Surface Transportation

By: Transit Cooperative Research Program,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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Travel Matters

Mitigating Climate Change with Sustainable Surface Transportation

By: Transit Cooperative Research Program,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

The report and the TravelMatters website (developed as part of this project) are designed to present information on climate change and to examine how greenhouse gas emissions from transportation may be reduced. Both the print and web-based research products review the capacity of public transportation to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and present this information in a format accessible to transportation professionals and the general public. Key strategies for reducing transportation emissions--increasing the use of transit, changing land-use patterns, and adopting energy-efficient technologies and fuels in transit fleets--are discussed.

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0309087732

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9780309087735

Assessing the Research and Development Plan for the Next Generation Air Transportation System

Summary of a Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board

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Assessing the Research and Development Plan for the Next Generation Air Transportation System

Summary of a Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board

The U.S. aviation industry, airline passengers, aircraft pilots, airports, and airline companies are all facing challenges. The air transportation system is experiencing unprecedented and increasing levels of use. The federal government understands the critical need to update the U.S. air transportation system, and plans to implement the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) by 2025. This system is an example of active networking technology that updates itself with real-time shared information and tailors itself to the individual needs of all U.S. aircraft, stressing adaptability by enabling aircraft to immediately adjust to ever-changing factors. On April 1-2, 2008, a workshop was held at the National Academies to gather reactions to the research and development aspects of the Joint Planning and Development Officeâ€™s baseline Integrated Work Plan (IWP), which is designed to increase the efficiency of airport and air space use in the United States. This book provides a summary of the workshop, which included presentations on the following topics: Airport operations and support; Environmental management; Air navigation operations, Air navigation support, and flight operation support; Positioning, navigation, and timing services and surveillance; Weather information services; Safety management; Net-centric infrastructure services and operations; and Layered adaptive security.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

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0309178754

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9780309178754

Interregional Travel

A New Perspective for Policy Making

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Transportation Research Board,Policy Studies,Committee for a Study of Intercity Passenger Travel Issues and Opportunities in Short-Haul Markets

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Interregional Travel

A New Perspective for Policy Making

TRB Special Report 320: Interregional Travel: A New Perspective for Policy Making examines the demand for and supply of interregional transportation in the United States. Major additions to transportation infrastructure, including high-speed rail, are being considered for some of the countryâ€™s most heavily traveled 100- to 500-mile corridors. The availability and use of the automobile, airplane, and train for interregional travel are reviewed along with the rejuvenated intercity bus. U.S. interregional corridors and transportation options are contrasted with those in Japan and Europe, where substantial investments have been made in passenger rail. Public investments in new, long-lived transportation infrastructure can be risky because of uncertainty about future demand and the development of new technologies and competing transportation services. Decisionmakers in interregional corridors face the added challenge of having to coordinate investments across multiple jurisdictions. The report recommends actions to reduce this uncertainty and create stronger institutional means for developing the countryâ€™s interregional corridors. TR News 303 features an article on Interregional Travel: A New Perspective for Policy Making. A video about the research is now available: At the 2016 TRB Annual Meeting, January 10-14, 2016, a session entitled Interregional Travel: Policymaking from a New Perspective was webcast live. These videos provide an overview of various components of the project. Introduction: Part 1: Overview of Project Scope Part 2: Data and Information Needs Part 3: Intercity Bus Operations Question and Answer Session Presenters: Tom Deen Nancy McGuckin Joe Schweiterman Moderated by: Martin Wachs

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205

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309390745

ISBN 13

9780309390743

In Pursuit of Speed

New Options for Intercity Passenger Transport

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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In Pursuit of Speed

New Options for Intercity Passenger Transport

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

Assesses the applicability of high-speed ground transportation (HSGT) technologies to meet the demand for passenger transportation service in high-density travel markets and corridors in the United States. This report recommends that USDOT develop the capacity to analyze investments in intercity travel modes.

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196

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309051223

ISBN 13

9780309051224

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