National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Study of Strategic Transportation Data Needs's Books

Data for Decisions

Requirements for National Transportation Policy Making

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Study of Strategic Transportation Data Needs,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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Data for Decisions

Requirements for National Transportation Policy Making

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Study of Strategic Transportation Data Needs,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

TRB Special Report 234 - Data for Decisions: Requirements for National Transportation Policy Making examines data requirements necessary to support strategic transportation policy making and the institutional changes necessary to make those data available on a permanent basis. The report calls for the establishment of a statistical agency within USDOT (this recommendation became helped create the Bureau of Transportation Statistics), the development of performance indicators, and regular reporting to the Secretary and Congress on important trends in system performance.

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180

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309051568

ISBN 13

9780309051569

Key Transportation Indicators

Summary of a Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics

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Key Transportation Indicators

Summary of a Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics

A transportation indicator is a measure of change over time in the transportation system or in its social, economic, environmental, or other effects. Two National Research Council (NRC) studies recommended, as a matter of high priority, that the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) in the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) develop a consistent, easily understood, and useful set of key indicators of the transportation system. The NRC's Committee on National Statistics and its Transportation Research Board, which conducted these studies, convened a workshop on June 13, 2000. The purpose of the Workshop on Transportation Indicators was to discuss issues relating to transportation indicators and provide the Bureau of Transportation Statistics with new ideas for issues to address.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309084644

ISBN 13

9780309084642

A Concept for a National Freight Data Program

By: National Research Council (U.S). Committee on Freight Transportation Data: a Framework for Development

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A Concept for a National Freight Data Program

By: National Research Council (U.S). Committee on Freight Transportation Data: a Framework for Development

Calls upon the Department of Transportation and its Bureau of Transportation Statistics to take the lead in coordinating freight data collection in the US. This work focuses on increasing the linkages between sources of data and filling data gaps to develop a source of timely and reliable data on freight flows. A national framework is needed.

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130

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309085705

ISBN 13

9780309085700

Curbing Gridlock: Commissioned papers

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board. Committee for Study on Urban Transportation Congestion Pricing,National Research Council (U.S.). Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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Curbing Gridlock: Commissioned papers

The Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration requested that the Transportation Research Board and the Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education of the National Research Council conduct a study of congestion pricing for congestion management. To conduct this study, the National Research Council established the Committee for Study on Urban Transportation Congestion Pricing. The committee's deliberations were supplemented by liaison representatives from several groups concerned about the benefits and costs of congestion pricing. After a review of the literature, and drawing from its expertise, the committee commissioned papers on a variety of topics. Volume 1 contains the committee's overview of the material contained in the commissioned papers, its conclusions, and its recommendations regarding the potential of congestion pricing, the need for evaluation of early demonstrations, and other research needs. Volume 2 provides a rich array of information about individual case studies from around the nation and thoughtful analyses by individual scholars about many of the critical issues surrounding congestion pricing., as revised by their authors after the symposium.

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568

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Transportation Research Board

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ISBN 10

0309055059

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9780309055055

Measuring Personal Travel and Goods Movement

A Review of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' Surveys -- Special Report 277

By: National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Committee on National Statistics

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Measuring Personal Travel and Goods Movement

A Review of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics' Surveys -- Special Report 277

By: National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Committee on National Statistics

TRB Special Report 277 - Measuring Personal Travel and Goods Movement recommends a series of actions the U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) should take to render its flagship surveys -- the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) and the Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) -- more effective in meeting the needs of a broad spectrum of data users. The report also recommends approaches BTS and its survey partners should adopt to develop more effective survey methods and address institutional issues affecting survey stability and quality. Report Summary published in the October-September 2004 issue of the TR News.

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135

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309182514

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9780309182515

Policy Options for Reducing Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Transportation

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for a Study of Potential Energy Savings and Greenhouse Gas Reductions from Transportation

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Policy Options for Reducing Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Transportation

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for a Study of Potential Energy Savings and Greenhouse Gas Reductions from Transportation

It is not intended to model or quantify the impacts of each policy option over time but instead to examine the means by which each influences behavior and the demand for and supply of energy- and emissions-saving technology, particularly in the modes of transportation with the greatest effect on the sector's consumption of petroleum and emissions of GHGs. In choosing among policies, elected officials must take into account many factors that could not be examined in this study, such as the full range of safety, economic, and environmental implications of their choices; therefore, the report does not recommend a specific suite of policies to pursue. Instead, the emphasis is on assessing each policy approach with regard to its applicability across transportation modes and its ability to affect the total amount of energy-intensive transportation activity, the efficiency of transportation vehicles, and GHG emissions characteristics of the sector's energy supply.

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228

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Transportation Research Board

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ISBN 10

0309167426

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9780309167420

Critical Infrastructure for Ocean Research and Societal Needs in 2030

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on an Ocean Infrastructure Strategy for U.S. Ocean Research in 2030

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Critical Infrastructure for Ocean Research and Societal Needs in 2030

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Committee on an Ocean Infrastructure Strategy for U.S. Ocean Research in 2030

The United States has jurisdiction over 3.4 million square miles of ocean in its exclusive economic zone, a size exceeding the combined land area of the 50 states. This expansive marine area represents a prime national domain for activities such as maritime transportation, national security, energy and mineral extraction, fisheries and aquaculture, and tourism and recreation. However, it also carries with it the threat of damaging and outbreaks of waterborne pathogens. The 2010 Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill and the 2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami are vivid reminders that ocean activities and processes have direct human implications both nationally and worldwide, understanding of the ocean system is still incomplete, and ocean research infrastructure is needed to support both fundamental research and societal priorities. Given current struggles to maintain, operate, and upgrade major infrastructure elements while maintaining a robust research portfolio, a strategic plan is needed for future investments to ensure that new facilities provide the greatest value, least redundancy, and highest efficiency in terms of operation and flexibility to incorporate new technological advances. Critical Infrastructure for Ocean Research and Societal Needs in 2030 identifies major research questions anticipated to be at the forefront of ocean science in 2030 based on national and international assessments, input from the worldwide scientific community, and ongoing research planning activities. This report defines categories of infrastructure that should be included in planning for the nation's ocean research infrastructure of 2030 and that will be required to answer the major research questions of the future. Critical Infrastructure for Ocean Research and Societal Needs in 2030 provides advice on the criteria and processes that could be used to set priorities for the development of new ocean infrastructure or replacement of existing facilities. In addition, this report recommends ways in which the federal agencies can maximize the value of investments in ocean infrastructure.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309217083

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9780309217088

Statewide Travel Forecasting Models

By: Alan J. Horowitz,National Cooperative Highway Research Program

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Statewide Travel Forecasting Models

By: Alan J. Horowitz,National Cooperative Highway Research Program

TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 358: Statewide Travel Forecasting Models examines statewide travel forecasting models designed to address planning needs and provide forecasts for statewide transportation, including passenger vehicle and freight movements. The report explores the types and purposes of models being used, integration of state and urban models, data requirements, computer needs, resources (including time, funding, training, and staff), limitations, and overall benefits. The report includes five case studies, two that focus on passenger components, two on freight components, and one on both passenger and freight.

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125

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Transportation Research Board

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ISBN 10

0309097657

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9780309097659

Intermodal Marine Container Transportation

Impediments and Opportunities

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for a Study of the Effects of Regulatory Reform on Technological Innovation in Marine Container Shipping

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Intermodal Marine Container Transportation

Impediments and Opportunities

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for a Study of the Effects of Regulatory Reform on Technological Innovation in Marine Container Shipping

Examines where and how government action might assist in overcoming impediments and fostering efficiency in intermodal marine container transportation, through technological or institutional innovation. This report analyzes 10 key issues on which government in the US affects or can affect the intermodal marine container transportation industry.

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140

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309051541

ISBN 13

9780309051545

Information Requirements for Transportation Economic Analysis

Proceedings of a Conference, Irvine, California, August 19-21, 1999

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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Information Requirements for Transportation Economic Analysis

Proceedings of a Conference, Irvine, California, August 19-21, 1999

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

Conference participants sought to identify gaps in the data and analytic tools needed to support economic analysis as related to transportation investment and to develop research proposals designed to fill those gaps. The opening day of the conference featured presentations by economists, transportation analysts, and policy makers on the theory and practice of economic analysis and its usefulness to decision makers. The second and third days of the conference revolved around participatory workshops. Six separate working groups deliberated over three questions: (1) What is the appropriate level of investment in transportation to encourage economic health? (2) How should projects be prioritized within a multimodal transportation program? (3) How much revenue is likely to flow from user charges, tolls, and other sources? At the conclusion of its deliberations, each working group developed a list of research proposals, which it then presented to the conference as a whole.

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164

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309071240

ISBN 13

9780309071246

Integrating Tourism and Recreation Travel with Transportation Planning and Project Delivery

By: Lisa M. Petraglia,Glen Elliot Weisbrod,National Cooperative Highway Research Program,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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Integrating Tourism and Recreation Travel with Transportation Planning and Project Delivery

By: Lisa M. Petraglia,Glen Elliot Weisbrod,National Cooperative Highway Research Program,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 329: Integrating Tourism and Recreation Travel with Transportation Planning and Project Delivery provides an overview of current practice at transportation agencies, metropolitan planning organizations, state tourism and parks departments, federal land management agencies, and regional planning agencies. Overall, findings reveal that many state departments of transportation (DOTs) are now actively involved in tourism-related planning issues -- either proactively or in building solutions to infrastructure, access, or environmental issues that impinge on the success of tourism in the region.

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Transportation Research Board

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ISBN 10

0309070066

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9780309070065

The Workforce Challenge

Recruiting, Training, and Retaining Qualified Workers for Transportation and Transit Agencies

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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The Workforce Challenge

Recruiting, Training, and Retaining Qualified Workers for Transportation and Transit Agencies

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

TRB Special Report 275 - The Workforce Challenge: Recruiting, Training, and Retaining Qualified Workers for Transportation and Transit Agencies calls upon surface transportation agencies, the private sector, educational institutions, unions, and employees, to establish training as a key priority. The report recommends that this broad coalition work to expand existing federal and academic resources, create an institutional focus for the issue, and establish human resources management as a strategic function within the transportation community.Special Report 275 Summary

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206

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Transportation Research Board

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ISBN 10

0309085632

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9780309085632

Evaluating Alternative Operations Strategies to Improve Travel Time Reliability

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.),Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Health and Medicine Division,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on National Statistics,Committee on Building Data Capacity for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research: An Agenda for 2021 to 2030

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Evaluating Alternative Operations Strategies to Improve Travel Time Reliability

This report from the second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2), which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, sets out requirements for travel time reliability within a performance-based planning process. The research includes an effort to determine the economic value of improvements in travel time reliability by applying options theory from the financial sector. The report includes two succinct tables that describe requirements for person and freight trips for reliable transport, as well as a forecast of the year 2030 under alternative assumptions that may influence travel time reliability.

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378

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Transportation Research Board

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ISBN 10

0309273706

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9780309273701

Community and Quality of Life

Data Needs for Informed Decision Making

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Geography,Committee on Identifying Data Needs for Place-Based Decision Making

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Community and Quality of Life

Data Needs for Informed Decision Making

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Geography,Committee on Identifying Data Needs for Place-Based Decision Making

Quality of life"..."livability"..."sense of place." Communities across America are striving to define these terms and to bring them to life, as they make decisions about transportation systems and other aspects of planning and development. Community and Quality of Life discusses important concepts that undergird community life and offers recommendations for collaborative planning across space and time. The book explores: Livability as an ensemble concept, embracing notions such as quality of place and sustainability. It discusses how to measure the "three legs" of livability (social, economic, ecological) while accounting for politics and personal values. And the book examines how to translate broad ideas about livability into guidelines for policymaking Place as more than location, including the natural, human-built, and social environments. The book discusses the impact of population changes over time, the links between regional and local identity, and other issues Tools for decision making in transportation and community planning. It reviews a variety of decision models and tools such as geographic information systems (GIS)â€"as well as public and private sources of relevant data. Including several case examples, this book will be important to planners, planning decision makers, planning educators and students, social scientists, community activists, and interested individuals.

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208

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309082609

ISBN 13

9780309082600

Public Benefits of Highway System Preservation and Maintenance

By: Andrew C. Lemer,National Cooperative Highway Research Program

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Public Benefits of Highway System Preservation and Maintenance

By: Andrew C. Lemer,National Cooperative Highway Research Program

TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 330: Public Benefits of Highway System Preservation and Maintenance examines the current practices for identifying, measuring, and articulating the public benefits of highway system maintenance and operation, and of communicating those benefits that are understandable and meaningful to stakeholders--road users, elected officials, and others who have an interest in the system's performance.

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0309070074

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9780309070072

Trends in Oil Supply and Demand, the Potential for Peaking of Conventional Oil Production, and Possible Mitigation Options

A Summary Report of the Workshop

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Planning Group for the Workshop on Trends in Oil Supply and Demand and the Potential for Peaking of Conventional Oil Production

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Trends in Oil Supply and Demand, the Potential for Peaking of Conventional Oil Production, and Possible Mitigation Options

A Summary Report of the Workshop

Recent events and analyses have suggested that global production of oil might peak sometime within the next few years to the next one or two decades. Other analyses, however, conclude that oil supply can meet global demand for some decades to come and that oil production peaking is much further off. To explore this issue, the NRC held a workshop, funded by the Department of Energy, bringing together analysts representing these different views. The workshop was divided into four main sessions: setting the stage; future global oil supply and demand balance; mitigation options and time to implementation; and potential follow-up activities. This report provides a summary of the workshop including the key points, issues and questions raised by the participants, and it identifies possible topics for follow-up studies. No consensus views, conclusions, or recommendations are presented.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309101433

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9780309101431

Hydrologic Science Priorities for the U.S. Global Change Research Program

An Initial Assessment

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Hydrologic Science

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Hydrologic Science Priorities for the U.S. Global Change Research Program

An Initial Assessment

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Committee on Hydrologic Science

The availability of fresh water is potentially one of the most pervasive crises of the coming century. Water-related decisions will determine the future of major ecosystems, the health of regional economies, and the political stability of nations. A vigorous program of research in hydrologic sciences can provide the basis for sound water management at local, regional, national, and international levels. The Committee on Hydrologic Science was established by the National Research Council in 1999 to identify priorities for hydrologic science that will ensure its vitality as a scientific discipline in service of societal needs. This charge will be performed principally through a series of studies that provide scientific advice on the hydrologic aspects of national program and U.S. hydrologic contributions to international programs. This first report contains a preliminary assessment of the hydrologic science content of the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP). Because this is a short and focused report, little effort is spent to reaffirm the established and successful elements of the USGCRP. In fact, the Committee generally endorses the findings of the National Research Council (NRC) report Global Environmental Change: Research Pathways for the Next Decade (NRC, 1998a; the so-called Pathways report) in this respect. Instead the attention here is directed toward the most critical missing hydrologic science elements in the FY2000 USGCRP. This brings the focus to the terrestrial component of the water cycle. The integrative nature of terrestrial hydrology could significantly strengthen the USGCRP.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309066484

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9780309066488

Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World

An Assessment of U.S. Needs

By: National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Marine Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Polar Research Board,Committee on the Assessment of U.S. Coast Guard Polar Icebreaker Roles and Future Needs

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Polar Icebreakers in a Changing World

An Assessment of U.S. Needs

The United States has enduring national and strategic interests in the polar regions, including citizens living above the Arctic circle and three year-round scientific stations in the Antarctic. Polar icebreaking ships are needed to access both regions. Over the past several decades, the U.S. government has supported a fleet of four icebreakersâ€"three multi-mission U.S. Coast Guard ships (the POLAR SEA, POLAR STAR, and HEALY) and the National Science Foundation's PALMER, which is dedicated solely to scientific research. Today, the POLAR STAR and the POLAR SEA are at the end of their service lives, and a lack of funds and no plans for an extension of the program has put U.S. icebreaking capability at risk. This report concludes that the United States should continue to support its interests in the Arctic and Antarctic for multiple missions, including maintaining leadership in polar science. The report recommends that the United States immediately program, budget, design, and construct two new polar icebreakers to be operated by the U.S. Coast Guard. The POLAR SEA should remain mission capable and the POLAR STAR should remain available for reactivation until the new polar icebreakers enter service. The U.S. Coast Guard should be provided sufficient operations and maintenance budget to support an increased, regular, and influential presence in the Arctic, with support from other agencies. The report also calls for a Presidential Decision Directive to clearly align agency responsibilities and budgetary authorities.

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135

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309103215

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9780309103213

Remote Sensing for Transportation

Products and Results : Foundations for the Future : Report of a Conference

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for Conferences on Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Technologies for Transportation

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Remote Sensing for Transportation

Products and Results : Foundations for the Future : Report of a Conference

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for Conferences on Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Technologies for Transportation

These proceedings summarize the highlights from the Conference on Remote Sensing for Transportation--Products and Results: Foundations for the Future. This was the second in a series of three conferences on the subject of remote sensing in transportation. The objectives of this conference were: (1) Enhancing communication between the transportation and remote sensing communities; (2) Developing a common understanding of current successful applications of remote sensing to transportation; and (3) Crafting strategies for implementation of remote sensing in transportation. More than 150 people attended the conference, with representation from state departments of transportation, metropolitan planning organizations, local government, the U.S. Department of Transportation, other federal agencies, universities, the private sector, and other organizations. The proceedings consist of a Foreward and Introduction to the Proceedings, comments on the structure of the 2001 conference and proceedings, summaries of the 7 sessions, and the following appendices: (A) Summary of Roundtable for States and Metropolitan Planning Organizations; (B) Conference Workshop Information; (C) Listing of Technology Buffet Displays; (D) Abbreviations and Acronyms; and (E) Conference Participants.

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Transportation Research Board

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ISBN 10

0309085519

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9780309085519

Space Studies Board Annual Report 2017

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board

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Space Studies Board Annual Report 2017

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board

The original charter of the Space Science Board was established in June 1958, three months before the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) opened its doors. The Space Science Board and its successor, the Space Studies Board (SSB), have provided expert external and independent scientific and programmatic advice to NASA on a continuous basis from NASA's inception until the present. The SSB has also provided such advice to other executive branch agencies, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Department of Defense, as well as to Congress. Space Studies Board Annual Report 2017 covers a message from the chair of the SSB, David N. Spergel. This report also explains the origins of the Space Science Board, how the Space Studies Board functions today, the SSB's collaboration with other National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine units, assures the quality of the SSB reports, acknowledges the audience and sponsors, and expresses the necessity to enhance the outreach and improve dissemination of SSB reports. This report will be relevant to a full range of government audiences in civilian space research - including NASA, NSF, NOAA, USGS, and the Department of Energy, as well members of the SSB, policy makers, and researchers.

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129

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030947762X

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9780309477628

Examination of the U.S. Air Force's Aircraft Sustainment Needs in the Future and Its Strategy to Meet Those Needs

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Air Force Studies Board,Committee on Examination of the U.S. Air Force's Aircraft Sustainment Needs in the Future and Its Strategy to Meet Those Needs

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Examination of the U.S. Air Force's Aircraft Sustainment Needs in the Future and Its Strategy to Meet Those Needs

The ability of the United States Air Force (USAF) to keep its aircraft operating at an acceptable operational tempo, in wartime and in peacetime, has been important to the Air Force since its inception. This is a much larger issue for the Air Force today, having effectively been at war for 20 years, with its aircraft becoming increasingly more expensive to operate and maintain and with military budgets certain to further decrease. The enormously complex Air Force weapon system sustainment enterprise is currently constrained on many sides by laws, policies, regulations and procedures, relationships, and organizational issues emanating from Congress, the Department of Defense (DoD), and the Air Force itself. Against the back-drop of these stark realities, the Air Force requested the National Research Council (NRC) of the National Academies, under the auspices of the Air Force Studies Board to conduct and in-depth assessment of current and future Air Force weapon system sustainment initiatives and recommended future courses of action for consideration by the Air Force. Examination of the U.S. Air Force's Aircraft Sustainment Needs in the Future and Its Strategy to Meet Those Needs addresses the following topics: Assess current sustainment investments, infrastructure, and processes for adequacy in sustaining aging legacy systems and their support equipment. Determine if any modifications in policy are required and, if so, identify them and make recommendations for changes in Air Force regulations, policies, and strategies to accomplish the sustainment goals of the Air Force. Determine if any modifications in technology efforts are required and, if so, identify them and make recommendations regarding the technology efforts that should be pursued because they could make positive impacts on the sustainment of the current and future systems and equipment of the Air Force. Determine if the Air Logistics Centers have the necessary resources (funding, manpower, skill sets, and technologies) and are equipped and organized to sustain legacy systems and equipment and the Air Force of tomorrow. Identify and make recommendations regarding incorporating sustainability into future aircraft designs.

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254

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

030921520X

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9780309215206

Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

By: National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Energy and Environmental Systems,Committee to Assess Fuel Economy Technologies for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

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Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles

Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.

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251

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309159474

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9780309159470

Implementing Climate and Global Change Research

A Review of the Final U.S. Climate Change Science Program Strategic Plan

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Committee to Review the U.S. Climate Change Science Program Strategic Plan

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Implementing Climate and Global Change Research

A Review of the Final U.S. Climate Change Science Program Strategic Plan

The report reviews a draft strategic plan from the U.S. Climate Change Science Program, a program formed in 2002 to coordinate and direct U.S. efforts in climate change and global change research. The U.S. Climate Change Science Program incorporates the decade-old Global Change Research Program and adds a new component -the Climate Change Research Initiative-whose primary goal is to "measurably improve the integration of scientific knowledge, including measures of uncertainty, into effective decision support systems and resources.

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109

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309088658

ISBN 13

9780309088657

A Geospatial Framework for the Coastal Zone

National Needs for Coastal Mapping and Charting

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Mapping Science Committee,Committee on National Needs for Coastal Mapping and Charting

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A Geospatial Framework for the Coastal Zone

National Needs for Coastal Mapping and Charting

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Mapping Science Committee,Committee on National Needs for Coastal Mapping and Charting

The coastal zone is of enormous importance to the well-being of the nation, as our lives and economy are inextricably linked to the features and activities that occur within this dynamic region. In order to understand and address the effects of natural and anthropogenic forces in the coastal zone, a holistic multidisciplinary framework is required to account for the interconnectivity of processes within the system. The foundation of this framework is accurate geospatial informationâ€"information that is depicted on maps and charts. A Geospatial Framework for the Coastal Zone National Needs identifies and suggests mechanisms for addressing national needs for spatial information in the coastal zone. It identifies high priority needs, evaluates the potential for meeting those needs based on the current level of effort, and suggests steps to increase collaboration and ensure that the nation's need for spatial information in the coastal zone is met in an efficient and timely manner.

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166

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309091764

ISBN 13

9780309091763

Space Studies Board Annual Report 2013

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board

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Space Studies Board Annual Report 2013

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Space Studies Board

The original charter of the Space Science Board was established in June 1958, 3 months before the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) opened its doors. The Space Science Board and its successor, the Space Studies Board (SSB), have provided expert external and independent scientific and programmatic advice to NASA on a continuous basis from NASA's inception until the present. The SSB has also provided such advice to other executive branch agencies, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Department of Defense, as well as to Congress. Space Studies Board Annual Report 2013 covers a message from the chair of the SSB, Charles F. Kennel. This report also explains the origins of the Space Science Board, how the Space Studies Board functions today, the SSB's collaboration with other National Research Council units, assures the quality of the SSB reports, acknowledges the audience and sponsors, and expresses the necessity to enhance the outreach and improve dissemination of SSB reports. This report will be relevant to a full range of government audiences in civilian space research - including NASA, NSF, NOAA, USGS, and the Department of Energy, as well members of the SSB, policy makers, and researchers.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309302862

ISBN 13

9780309302869

New Vistas in Transatlantic Science and Technology Cooperation

By: National Research Council,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy

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New Vistas in Transatlantic Science and Technology Cooperation

By: National Research Council,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy

The successful conclusion of the US-EU Agreement on Science and Technology Cooperation offers the prospect of a new chapter in transatlantic cooperation. As with any international agreement in science and technology, the accord's full potential will be realized only if it can encourage mutually beneficial cooperation. With this in mind, responsible officials of the European Union (EU) and the U.S. government contacted the National Research Council's Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) to discuss how this negotiating success might be publicized and productively exploited. It was agreed that the STEP Board should organize a conference to celebrate the accord, inform the U.S. and European research communities of the agreement, and explore specific opportunities for enhanced cooperation. At the same time, the conference would provide the occasion to review existing and evolving areas of transatlantic cooperation in science and technology from the perception of the United States, the European Commission, and the member states of the European Union.

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179

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309061970

ISBN 13

9780309061971

Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces

Assessing Health Risks to Deployed U.S. Forces: Workshop Proceedings

By: National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology

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Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces

Assessing Health Risks to Deployed U.S. Forces: Workshop Proceedings

By: National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology

Risk management is especially important for military forces deployed in hostile and/or chemically contaminated environments, and on-line or rapid turn-around capabilities for assessing exposures can create viable options for preventing or minimizing incapaciting exposures or latent disease or disability in the years after the deployment. With military support for the development, testing, and validation of state-of-the-art personal and area sensors, telecommunications, and data management resources, the DOD can enhance its capabilities for meeting its novel and challenging tasks and create technologies that will find widespread civilian uses. Strategies to Protect the Health of Deployed U.S. Forces assesses currently available options and technologies for productive pre-deployment environmental surveillance, exposure surveillance during deployments, and retrospective exposure surveillance post-deployment. This report also considers some opportunities for technological and operational advancements in technology for more effective exposure surveillance and effects management options for force deployments in future years.

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388

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309068762

ISBN 13

9780309068765

Deterrence, Protection, and Preparation

The New Transportation Security Imperative

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism. Panel on Transportation,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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Deterrence, Protection, and Preparation

The New Transportation Security Imperative

By: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism. Panel on Transportation,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

Examines the role of science and technology in countering terrorism. This work presents advice on a strategic approach to transportation security that recognizes the need to move people and goods efficiently and the need to improve security against terrorism.

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309077109

ISBN 13

9780309077101

Effective Approaches to Meeting Rural Intercity Bus Transportation Needs

By: KFH Group,Transit Cooperative Research Program,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

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Effective Approaches to Meeting Rural Intercity Bus Transportation Needs

By: KFH Group,Transit Cooperative Research Program,National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board

This report presents results of research conducted under Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) Project B-21, "Effective Approaches to Meeting Rural Intercity Bus Transportation Needs." The project identified strategies for initiating, preserving, and enhancing effective rural intercity bus transportation. To identify recent projects and to identify barriers or issues affecting implementation, the research effort included surveys of state rural transit program managers, state rail program managers, and intercity bus carriers. The report includes three parts. Part I contains a review of recent developments affecting the intercity bus industry, an overview of potential funding sources, and a review of barriers to implementation of rural intercity projects. Part II provides strategies for rural intercity service improvements, including methods of identifying intercity carriers and services, planning, program development, operating assistance, capital assistance, marketing assistance, and combining approaches. Each strategy is described, and implementation examples are presented. Part III presents 50 project descriptions based on additional survey interviews with project contacts.

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191

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Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309067634

ISBN 13

9780309067638

Review of NASA's Solid-Earth Science Strategy

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee to Review NASA's Solid-Earth Science Strategy

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Review of NASA's Solid-Earth Science Strategy

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee to Review NASA's Solid-Earth Science Strategy

The report reviews NASA's solid-earth science strategy, placing particular emphasis on observational strategies for measuring surface deformation, high-resolution topography, surface properties, and the variability of the earth's magnetic and gravity fields. The report found that NASA is uniquely positioned to implement these observational strategies and that a number of agency programs would benefit from the resulting data. In particular, the report strongly endorses the near-term launch of a satellite dedicated to L-band InSAR measurements of the land surface, which is a key component of the U.S. Geological Survey's hazards mitigation program and the multi-agency EarthScope program.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309092523

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9780309092524

The Future of Air Traffic Control

Human Operators and Automation

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation

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The Future of Air Traffic Control

Human Operators and Automation

By: National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation

Automation in air traffic control may increase efficiency, but it also raises questions about adequate human control over automated systems. Following on the panel's first volume on air traffic control automation, Flight to the Future (NRC, 1997), this book focuses on the interaction of pilots and air traffic controllers, with a growing network of automated functions in the airspace system. The panel offers recommendations for development of human-centered automation, addressing key areas such as providing levels of automation that are appropriate to levels of risk, examining procedures for recovery from emergencies, free flight versus ground-based authority, and more. The book explores ways in which technology can build on human strengths and compensate for human vulnerabilities, minimizing both mistrust of automation and complacency about its abilities. The panel presents an overview of emerging technologies and trends toward automation within the national airspace systemâ€"in areas such as global positioning and other aspects of surveillance, flight information provided to pilots an controllers, collision avoidance, strategic long-term planning, and systems for training and maintenance. The book examines how to achieve better integration of research and development, including the importance of user involvement in air traffic control. It also discusses how to harmonize the wide range of functions in the national airspace system, with a detailed review of the free flight initiative.

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343

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309174317

ISBN 13

9780309174312

Book's by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee for the Study of Strategic Transportation Data Needs

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