National Defense Research Institute (U.S.)'s Books

National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Naval Studies Board,Committee on National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces

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National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Naval Studies Board,Committee on National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces

In response to the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), the National Research Council appointed a committee operating under the auspices of the Naval Studies Board to study the national security implications of climate change for U.S. naval forces. In conducting this study, the committee found that even the most moderate current trends in climate, if continued, will present new national security challenges for the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. While the timing, degree, and consequences of future climate change impacts remain uncertain, many changes are already underway in regions around the world, such as in the Arctic, and call for action by U.S. naval leadership in response. The terms of reference (TOR) directed that the study be based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios and other peer-reviewed assessment. Therefore, the committee did not address the science of climate change or challenge the scenarios on which the committee's findings and recommendations are based. National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces addresses both the near- and long-term implications for U.S. naval forces in each of the four areas of the TOR, and provides corresponding findings and recommendations. This report and its conclusions are organized around six discussion areas-all presented within the context of a changing climate.

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190

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309215919

ISBN 13

9780309215916

Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Children, Youth, and Families,Committee on the Well-Being of Military Families

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Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society

The U.S. military has been continuously engaged in foreign conflicts for over two decades. The strains that these deployments, the associated increases in operational tempo, and the general challenges of military life affect not only service members but also the people who depend on them and who support them as they support the nation â€" their families. Family members provide support to service members while they serve or when they have difficulties; family problems can interfere with the ability of service members to deploy or remain in theater; and family members are central influences on whether members continue to serve. In addition, rising family diversity and complexity will likely increase the difficulty of creating military policies, programs and practices that adequately support families in the performance of military duties. Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society examines the challenges and opportunities facing military families and what is known about effective strategies for supporting and protecting military children and families, as well as lessons to be learned from these experiences. This report offers recommendations regarding what is needed to strengthen the support system for military families.

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385

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309489563

ISBN 13

9780309489560

Review of the U.S. Department of Defense Air, Space, and Supporting Information Systems Science and Technology Program

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Department of Military Science and Technology,Committee on Review of the U.S. Department of Defense, Air and Space Systems Science and Technology Program

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Review of the U.S. Department of Defense Air, Space, and Supporting Information Systems Science and Technology Program

Since the mid-1940s, when Vannevar Bush and Theodore von Karman wrote Science, the Endless Frontier and Toward New Horizons, respectively, there has been a consensus that strong Department of Defense support of science and technology (S&T) is important to the security of the United States. During the Cold War, as it faced technologically capable adversaries whose forces potentially outnumbered U.S. forces, the United States relied on a strong defense S&T program to support the development of technologically superior weapons and systems that would enable it to prevail in the event of conflict. Since the end of the Cold War, the United States has relied on its technological superiority to maintain a military advantage while at the same time reducing the size of its forces. Over the past half-century, creating and maintaining a technologically superior military capability have become fundamental to U.S. national security strategy, and investment in S&T has become a basic component of the defense budget. In late 1998, Congress asked the Secretary of Defense to conduct a study, in cooperation with the National Research Council (NRC), on the S&T base of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). Congress was particularly concerned about areas of the S&T program related to air systems, space systems, and supporting information systems. Its concern was based on the Air Force's reduction of its S&T program from the largest of the three military service programs to the smallest. Congress also wanted to ensure that the Air Force maintained an appropriately sized S&T workforce. In late 1999, the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Science and Technology asked the NRC to conduct a study to explore these issues.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309170532

ISBN 13

9780309170536

An Assessment of the SBIR Program at the National Institutes of Health

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee for Capitalizing on Science, Technology, and Innovation: An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program

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An Assessment of the SBIR Program at the National Institutes of Health

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee for Capitalizing on Science, Technology, and Innovation: An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program

The SBIR program allocates 2.5 percent of 11 federal agencies' extramural R&D budgets to fund R&D projects by small businesses, providing approximately $2 billion annually in competitive awards. At the request of Congress the National Academies conducted a comprehensive study of how the SBIR program has stimulated technological innovation and used small businesses to meet federal research and development needs. Drawing substantially on new data collection, this book examines the SBIR program at the National Institutes of Health and makes recommendations for improvements. Separate reports will assess the SBIR program at DOD, NSF, DOE, and NASA, respectively, along with a comprehensive report on the entire program.

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456

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309177642

ISBN 13

9780309177641

Post-Cold War Conflict Deterrence

By: Naval Studies Board,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Research Council

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Post-Cold War Conflict Deterrence

By: Naval Studies Board,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Research Council

Deterrence as a strategic concept evolved during the Cold War. During that period, deterrence strategy was aimed mainly at preventing aggression against the United States and its close allies by the hostile Communist power centers--the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and its allies, Communist China and North Korea. In particular, the strategy was devised to prevent aggression involving nuclear attack by the USSR or China. Since the end of the Cold War, the risk of war among the major powers has subsided to the lowest point in modern history. Still, the changing nature of the threats to American and allied security interests has stimulated a considerable broadening of the deterrence concept. Post-Cold War Conflict Deterrence examines the meaning of deterrence in this new environment and identifies key elements of a post-Cold War deterrence strategy and the critical issues in devising such a strategy. It further examines the significance of these findings for the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. Quantitative and qualitative measures to support judgments about the potential success or failure of deterrence are identified. Such measures will bear on the suitability of the naval forces to meet the deterrence objectives. The capabilities of U.S. naval forces that especially bear on the deterrence objectives also are examined. Finally, the book examines the utility of models, games, and simulations as decision aids in improving the naval forces' understanding of situations in which deterrence must be used and in improving the potential success of deterrence actions.

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244

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309553237

ISBN 13

9780309553230

Naval Mine Warfare

Operational and Technical Challenges for Naval Forces

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Naval Studies Board,Committee for Mine Warfare Assessment

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Naval Mine Warfare

Operational and Technical Challenges for Naval Forces

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Naval Studies Board,Committee for Mine Warfare Assessment

Sea mines have been important in naval warfare throughout history and continue to be so today. They have caused major damage to naval forces, slowed or stopped naval actions and commercial shipping, and forced the alteration of strategic and tactical plans. The threat posed by sea mines continues, and is increasing, in today's world of inexpensive advanced electronics, nanotechnology, and multiple potential enemies, some of which are difficult to identify. This report assesses the Department of the Navy's capabilities for conducting naval mining and countermining sea operations.

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Page Count

218

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309075785

ISBN 13

9780309075787

Trends in Science and Technology Relevant to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention

Summary of an International Workshop

By: National Research Council,International Union of Microbiological Societies,International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,IAPâ¬"The Global Network of Science Academies,Chinese Academy of Sciences

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Trends in Science and Technology Relevant to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention

Summary of an International Workshop

This report offers a summary of the substantive presentations during an international workshop, Trends in Science and Technology Relevant to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, held October 31 - November 3, 2010 at the Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is meant to provide scientists and other technical experts with factual information about the range and variety of topics discussed at the workshop, which may be of interest to national governments and non-governmental organizations as they begin to prepare for the 7th Review Conference of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) in 2011. The Beijing workshop reflected the continuing engagement by national academies international scientific organizations, and individual scientists and engineers in considering the biosecurity implications of developments in the life sciences and assessing trends in science and technology (S&T) relevant to nonproliferation. The workshop provided an opportunity for the scientific community to discuss the implications of relevant developments in S&T for multiple aspects of the BWC. Trends in Science and Technology Relevant to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention follows the structure of the plenary sessions at the workshop. It begins with introductory material about the BWC and current examples of the types and modes of science advice available to the BWC and other international nonproliferation and disarmament agreements, in particular the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). This report includes only a very brief description of the some of the post-presentation discussions held during the plenary sessions - and does not include an account of the small breakout groups - since these were intended to inform the committee's finding and conclusions and will be reflected in the final report.

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309209293

ISBN 13

9780309209298

An Assessment of the SBIR Program

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee for Capitalizing on Science, Technology, and Innovation: An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program

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An Assessment of the SBIR Program

By: National Research Council,Policy and Global Affairs,Committee for Capitalizing on Science, Technology, and Innovation: An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program

The SBIR program allocates 2.5 percent of 11 federal agencies' extramural R&D budgets to fund R&D projects by small businesses, providing approximately $2 billion annually in competitive awards. At the request of Congress, the National Academies conducted a comprehensive study of how the SBIR program has stimulated technological innovation and used small businesses to meet federal research and development needs. Drawing substantially on new data collection, this report provides a comprehensive overview of the SBIR program at the five agencies representing 96 percent of program expenditure-DOD, NIH, NSF, DOE, and NASA-and makes recommendations on improvements to the program. Separate books on each agency will also be issued.

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402

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309110866

ISBN 13

9780309110860

Twenty-second Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels

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Twenty-second Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels

In 1991, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) asked the National Research Council (NRC) to provide technical guidance for establishing community emergency exposure levels for extremely hazardous substances (EHSs) pursuant to the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986. As a result the NRC published Guidelines for Developing Community Emergency Exposure Levels for Hazardous Substances in 1993 and Standing Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances in 2001; providing updated procedures, methods, and other guidelines used by the National Advisory Committee (NAC) on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) for hazardous substances for assessing acute adverse health effects. Stemming from this report the NAC has developed AEGLs for at least 270 EHSs. There are currently three AEGLs: AEGL-1, AEGL-2, and AEGL-3. AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic nonsensory effects. These effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible once exposure is stopped. AEGL-2 is the airborne concentration (of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population could experience irreversible, long-lasting adverse health effects or an impaired ability to escape. AEGL-3 is the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is predicted that the general population could experience life threatening health effects or death. On April 22-24 2013, the NRC-established Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 2013 met to review AEGL documents approved by the NAC. The committee members were selected for their expertise in toxicology, medicine, industrial hygiene, biostatistics, and risk assessment. Twenty-second Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels presents a review of AEGLs for various chemicals including acrylonitrile, halogen fluorides, tellurium hexafluoride, and thionyl chloride.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309290600

ISBN 13

9780309290609

Book's by National Defense Research Institute (U.S.)

National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces

National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces

Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society

Strengthening the Military Family Readiness System for a Changing American Society

Review of the U.S. Department of Defense Air, Space, and Supporting Information Systems Science and Technology Program

Review of the U.S. Department of Defense Air, Space, and Supporting Information Systems Science and Technology Program

An Assessment of the SBIR Program at the National Institutes of Health

An Assessment of the SBIR Program at the National Institutes of Health

Post-Cold War Conflict Deterrence

Post-Cold War Conflict Deterrence

Naval Mine Warfare

Naval Mine Warfare

Trends in Science and Technology Relevant to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention

Trends in Science and Technology Relevant to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention

An Assessment of the SBIR Program

An Assessment of the SBIR Program

Twenty-second Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels

Twenty-second Interim Report of the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels

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