Drawing on previously untapped documents, interviews with key actors, and his own experiences in the Department of State, Nathan Pelcovits takes a fresh look at the impact of UN intervention, as peacekeeper and peacemaker, on the Arab-Israeli conflict during the formative years between 1948 and 1960. He examines the reasons behind the UN assumption of a quasi-custodial role in the dispute and how it is that Israel and the Arab states have come to hold diametrically opposed views of the value of engaging the UN as intermediary, with the UN-Israel relationship cooling into one of mutual suspicion and mistrust. Most relevant to the current peace process, Pelcovits explains why UN action shifted early in the game from an ambitious effort at peaceful settlement to "keeping" the peace of a long armistice. Pelcovits argues that the wounds of the formative years have affected the dynamic of the peace process to this day. The UN has been accorded a marginal role in the negotiations—ceremonial and passive—and UN peacekeepers are not likely to be enlisted as guarantors of the settlement.
Where was the gospel before the Reformation? Contemporary evangelicals often struggle to answer that question. As a result, many Roman Catholics are quick to allege that the Reformation understanding of the gospel simply did not exist before the 1500s. They assert that key Reformation doctrines, like sola fide, were nonexistent in the first fifteen centuries of church history. Rather, they were invented by Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others. That is a serious charge, and one that evangelicals must be ready to answer. If an evangelical understanding of the gospel is only 500 years old, we are in major trouble. However, if it can be demonstrated that Reformers were not inventing something new, but instead were recovering something old, then key tenets of the Protestant faith are greatly affirmed. Hence, the need for this book. After reading Long Before Luther, readers will: Possess a greater understanding of church history and the role it plays in the church today. Have a deeper appreciation for the hard-won victories of the Reformation. Be equipped to dialogue with Catholic friends about the presence of Reformed doctrines throughout church history. Feel renewed gratefulness for the unearned nature of grace and the power of the gospel.
Stockholm, an iconically late-modern city, is home to Europe's first-known multiethnolect - Rinkeby Swedish. Swedish-language researchers describe the variety as staccato, but rhythm has not been thoroughly investigated for any variety of Stockholm Swedish to date. Not only does this study show that rhythm stratifies in the direction of staccato (low alternation) for the racialized working class, rhythm is also significantly high-alternation/non-staccato in the speech of the white working class. The former is interpreted to be a feature of multiethnolect; the latter a feature of Södersnack, Stockholm's industrial-era working-class variety. The higher classes produce an intermediate degree of rhythm in casual speech. Working-class formal speech appears to target upper-class casual speech. Within the racialized working class, a generational difference was found. Those born before 1983 mainly achieve staccato with a reduction of accented vowels. Those born after 1983 achieve it by enlarging unstressed vowels. The change point coincides with significant socio-historical transformations that occurred when the speakers were in adolescence. In all styles, younger speakers of any background have more staccato speech than older speakers of the same background. It is proposed that this is due to the diffusion of contact prosody, for which multiethnolect is one key conduit.
The process of technological change takes a wide variety of forms. Propositions that may be accurate when referring to the pharmaceutical industry may be totally inappropriate when applied to the aircraft industry or to computers or forest products. The central theme of Nathan Rosenberg's new book is the idea that technological changes are often 'path dependent', in the sense that their form and direction tend to be influenced strongly by the particular sequence of earlier events out of which a new technology has emerged. The book advances the understanding of technological change by explictly recognising its essential diversity and path-dependent nature. Individual chapters explore the particular features of new technologies in different historical and sectoral contexts. This book presents a unique account of how technological change is generated and the processes by which improved technologies are introduced.
Nathan Salmon presents a selection of his essays from the early 1980s to 2006, on a set of closely connected topics central to analytic philosophy. The book is divided into four thematic sections. The first contains six essays on the theme of direct reference, and associated issues regarding names and descriptions, demonstratives and reflexivity. The four essays in the second section, under the heading of apriority, concern particular consequences of Millianism with respect to the semantic-epistemological status of certain special kinds of sentences. The five essays in the third section develop Salmon's project of reconciling Millianism with a host of problems posed by locutions of propositional attitude, especially by attributions of belief. The volume concludes with four essays about the distinction between meaning and use, or more generally, the distinction between semantics and pragmatics.
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