1.1 NEED AND BACKGROUND 1.1.1 PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS WITHIN SOCIETY Man is a social animal both by need and necessity. Social institutions are born with cultural influences. Social institution is one of the products of culture. Institutions are necessary to maintain social order and control human behavior. Social institutions are born to satisfy human needs. All the needs and desires of the individuals and human beings are met by social institutions. Social institutions are simply social habits. For example, the habits of shaving in the morning, uttering prayers before going to bed. Habits are systematized instituted or established by groups. Institutions may also be defined as, “habitual ways of living together which have been sanctioned, systematized and established by the authority of communities”. An institution, therefore, “may be type of group”. In this sense the family is an institution, (and if it conducts itself in institutionalized ways) Robert Bierstead considers that “institutions as an organized way of doing something”. Institutions are socially important because they transfer cultural elements from one generation to another. For example, the father of the family teaches his sons and daughters about the family - the way of life, economic way of life and religious way of life. A social institution introduces unity in human behavior. A social institution also controls the conduct and character of man in the society. Modern life is not as simple as that of ancient times. It is complex. The complexity has been produced by our growing and different needs. The needs are self-preservation, Self-perpetuation and self-expression. These needs are met only by social institutions. Social institutions represent the social structure of the society. We can conclude that the social relationships include common values and procedure to achieve basic needs of society. Common value means shared ideas and goals, procedure means the accepted standardized norms and the social relationships include the behavior of the people. (A. Youb, 2008).
Productivity and wages plays an important role in the economic development and ultimately determines the standard of living in the country. In a developing economy like India the wage policy is facing a real conflict between the need of the workers for larger consumption and the demand of the economy for higher rate of capital formation. The increasing productivity and its linking with wages is the best option available. The book examines the relationship between productivity and wages in selected industries of organised manufacturing. In this endeavour, the book examines (a) The trends in productivity; (b) The trends in distribution of productivity gains; (c) The trends in factor compensation (wages and rate of return). Contents: Introduction and Problem Setting, Data and Methodology, Wage Productivity Relationship Theoretical and Empirical Evidence, Productivity Trends in Selected Industries, Trends in Distribution of Productivity Gains, Trends in Wages and Earnings, Wage-Productivity R
This book enriches the readers with the advances in rock blasting techniques for mining and civil construction rock excavation projects, including the need for and importance of rock blasting, related theories, challenges in rock blasting operations, and rock blasting methodology for excavation of coal and overburden benches of opencast coal mines. It also discusses methods to estimate charge factors and dimensional parameters for different rock types of iron ore mines, blasting methodology for rock strata and the blasting technologies for civil construction projects. The book: Provides comprehensive review of the prediction methodologies of blasting results. Reviews insights into advanced blasting methodologies for rock excavation near sensitive structures. Includes case studies of coal mining, iron ore mining, limestone mining and civil construction projects. Explores the detailed theoretical background of rock blasting. Discusses methodologies of secondary blasting. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in mining, geotechnical, and rock engineering.
Embark on a thought-provoking journey through the mind of Hukmdev Narayan Yadav with "Flow of Thoughts," a captivating collection of essays and reflections that offer profound insights into politics, society, and the human condition. Join Yadav as he explores a wide range of topics, from governance and development to culture and spirituality, with wisdom, wit, and clarity. Through his incisive analysis and keen observations, Yadav challenges readers to rethink their assumptions and confront the pressing issues of our time. Themes of leadership, social justice, and the role of government resonate throughout the essays, inviting readers to reflect on the challenges facing modern society and the potential for positive change. Yadav's commitment to truth and integrity shines through in every word, inspiring readers to strive for a more just and equitable world. Delve into the depths of political philosophy and social commentary as Yadav offers fresh perspectives on the pressing issues of our time. Whether discussing the importance of grassroots activism or the need for ethical leadership, Yadav's insights are both timely and timeless, offering valuable guidance for navigating the complexities of contemporary life. The overall tone of "Flow of Thoughts" is one of optimism and conviction, as Yadav's unwavering faith in the power of ideas to transform society shines through in every essay. With his passion for social justice and his commitment to the common good, Yadav serves as a powerful voice for positive change in an increasingly divided world. Critically acclaimed for its clarity of thought and depth of insight, "Flow of Thoughts" has earned praise from readers and scholars alike for its thought-provoking analysis and engaging prose. Yadav's ability to tackle complex issues with intelligence and empathy makes it a must-read for anyone interested in politics, society, and the human condition. Whether you're a student of political science, a concerned citizen, or simply curious about the world around you, "Flow of Thoughts" offers a compelling exploration of the ideas and issues that shape our lives. Let Hukmdev Narayan Yadav be your guide on a journey of discovery and enlightenment. Don't miss your chance to engage with the ideas and insights of one of India's most influential thinkers. Grab your copy of "Flow of Thoughts" today and join the conversation about the future of our society and our world.
This book introduces readers to the concept and theories of decent work and provides a framework for measuring it at the micro, meso and macro level in a given country. Further, it addresses the importance of measuring decent work in today’s world and in connection with the different challenges countries face depending on their respective stage of development. The essence of the book lies in highlighting the practical applications of decent work in terms of its ability to deliver empirical measurements of qualitative and subjective phenomena with a mixed-methods approach combining tools and techniques from economics and statistics. Moreover, as the applicability of decent work is not confined to the IT industry and formal sectors of the economy, the book also provides useful guidelines on how further empirical studies can be undertaken to measure decent work in non-IT industries. As such, the book offers a rich compilation of empirical and theoretical contributions on decent work designed to not only enrich readers’ understanding, but also promote awareness of the practical relevance and technical aspects of the subject matter.
During recent decades, tremendous progress and innovations have been made in rice science with the goal of increasing production to meet the world’s growing demands. This new volume provides a concise overview of rice, covering the background and importance of rice; origin, evolution, and domestication of rice; and the world rice production. It goes on to provide new and important recent research advances on many different aspects of rice science and production. The authors look at advances in rice ideotypes, abiotic stress management techniques, biotic stress affecting crop productivity, new methods and technology for cultivation, and new methods and techniques in rice grain quality analysis and processing. It also describes new rice varieties, new hybrid rice technology, and new breeding methods for rice.
The Lonely Cloud is the love story of a fallen hero. Sanju is the quintessential young man, trapped within societal norms and fighting against acknowledging his emotional compulsions. Unable to break out of the clutches of his own insecurities and too weak to deny himself of his emotional needs, Sanju unwittingly commits a grave mistake. Try as he might, he just cannot shake off the demons that continue to plague him. As a marine commando, he courts death, hoping for salvation but instead finds an angel of hope. Unfortunately for Sanju, his road to redemption is short-lived as he once again finds himself accused of betrayal. Despite Sanjus best efforts to prove himself, despite his many noble actions, his reputation and character is constantly questioned. Will Sanju be able to overcome his own weaknesses and rise to become a better person? Is he the same man now that he was at the very beginning? Will Sanju find his love? Does love give you a second chance? Human beings are nothing but nervous bundles of emotions. And love is the most powerful emotion of them all. Love has two sides but you have only one choice. Rajan L. Narayan, author
This book is a detailed commentary on politics and political consciousness, participation, and mobilization among the Dalits in northern India. Based on extensive fieldwork at the village level in eastern Uttar Pradesh, it deals with Dalit social and political history in the state from 1950 to the present. Using alternative sources—stories and narratives alive in the oral tradition and 'collective memory' of the oppressed and marginalized Dalits—Narayan documents various social upheavals that have taken place in post-Independence India. He also examines the process of politicization of Dalit communities through their internal social struggles and movements, and their emergence as a 'political public' in the State-oriented democratic political setting of contemporary India. How has the ongoing process of politicization of the Dalits developed their politics? How far does it appear as an alternative? To what extent is it similar to the politics played out by dominant parties? Does it imitate or seek break away from the methods of the upper castes? This book seeks to answer these important questions as it maps the changing nature of contemporary Indian politics. In doing so, it unfolds the multiple, suppressed, layers of Dalit consciousness in vibrant ethnographic detail, hitherto overlooked by mainstream discourse.
Four gems, with new introductions, mark acclaimed Indian writer R. K. Narayan's centennial Introducing this collection of stories, R. K. Narayan describes how in India "the writer has only to look out of the window to pick up a character and thereby a story." Composed of powerful, magical portraits of all kinds of people, and comprising stories written over almost forty years, Malgudi Days presents Narayan's imaginary city in full color, revealing the essence of India and of human experience. This edition includes an introduction by Pulitzer Prize- winning author Jhumpa Lahiri. For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. With more than 1,700 titles, Penguin Classics represents a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.
Present world is witnessing drastic changes harshly impacting its bio-resources (plants, animals and organisms) that are considered as natural gift for our livelihood. Global warming, climate change, abiotic and biotic stresses are strangling and challenging the survivability of these resources. It is therefore crucial to manage these resources for making planet Earth more suitable to live. Moreover, there is an utter need to know how climate dynamic and biotic or abiotic factors are influencing on bio-resources and also to frame its sustainable management strategies. This book is the output of the research deliberations at 3rd International Conference on Bio-resource and Stress Management, India; and expert views on contemporary research and management issues in relation to bio-resources and its management. This timely needed uniquely written reference book consists of 29 well-crafted chapters on sustainable land, water and crop management, organic agriculture, climate change and crop productivity, stress management, bio-resource conservation, bio-fortification for nutritional security, agro-techniques, agro-forestry and forest resource management and waste management etc. which certainly will be of great use by the scientists, academician, researches, scholars, students, extension workers, corporate and NGO’s working in these aspects.
Venerated as a dalit icon, Kanshiram (1934–2006) is regarded as being next only to Ambedkar today. This book illuminates his journey, from the early years in rural Punjab and with Ambedkarites in Pune, to his launching BAMCEF, an umbrella organization uniting backward castes, scheduled tribes, dalits and minorities, and eventually the Bahujan Samaj Party in 1984. Drawing on myriad oral and written sources, Badri Narayan shows how Kanshiram mobilized dalits with his homespun idiom, cycle rallies and, uniquely, the use of local folk heroes and myths, rousing their self-respect, and how he struck opportunistic alliances with higher-caste parties to seize power for dalits. Evocatively described is his extraordinary relationship with Mayawati, right until his death, and the role she has played in fulfilling his vision, during and after his lifetime. Contrasting the approach of the two men, Narayan highlights the turn Kanshiram gave to Ambedkar’s ideas. Unlike Ambedkar, who sought its annihilation, he saw caste as a basis for forging a dalit identity and a source of political empowerment. Authoritative and insightful, this is a rare portrait of the man who changed the face of dalit society and, indeed, of Indian politics.
Published in 1990, "From Theatre to the Battlefield" embarks on a captivating journey that unfolds amidst the serene forests near Ranigunj, a small enclave nestled within the state of Chhattisgarh. Through an exemplary narrative style, the book enthralls readers with its swift-paced storyline, offering intricate insights into the lives and personas of its diverse characters. Each chapter meticulously unveils the societal, economic, and historical backdrop of the princely states, meticulously capturing the essence of the era spanning from 1930 to 1945. Delving deep into the intricacies of pre-Independence India, the narrative offers a vivid portrayal of the prevailing feudalism, the British colonial rule, and the fervent struggle for independence. Moreover, the narrative doesn't merely recount historical events but offers a profound exploration of the ethos, valor, and nobility inherent in the rulers' lifestyles. It is a poignant saga that not only celebrates the resilience and bravery of its protagonists but also pays homage to the sacrifices made by individuals across all strata of society. "From Theatre to the Battlefield" stands as a testament to the courage and spirit that defined an era, eliciting a resounding tribute to those who shaped the course of history.
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