Contagion and Enclaves examines the social history of medicine across two intersecting British enclaves in the major tea-producing region of colonial India: the hill station of Darjeeling and the adjacent tea plantations of North Bengal. Focusing on the establishment of hill sanatoria and other health care facilities and practices against the backdrop of the expansion of tea cultivation and labor migration, it tracks the demographic and environmental transformation of the region and the critical role race and medicine played in it, showing that the British enclaves were essential and distinctive sites of the articulation of colonial power and economy.
From the days of election campaign for 2014 Lok Sabha, Northeast India occupied a special attention to Narendra Modi, the then Chief Minister of Gujarat. After taking oath as India’s Prime Minister, how his visionary ideas helped Northeast to become a ‘Development’ zone from a ‘Conflict’ zone, is the main crux of this Book. This book tries to test the hypothesis that “state versus community conflict in Northeast India can be managed through integrated thrust over ‘Development’ and ‘Security’ policies”. The idea of connections between security and development thinking is not a new phenomenon, but intermingling both as a nexus and using this nexus for conflict management is a post-Cold War phenomenon. There are already some studies done on countries like Sudan, Sweden, Liberia, Afghanistan etc. – to test development-security nexus as a conflict management tool. But no study has yet done on India, where, in recent times, we see growing emphasis on this approach. In the post-Cold War era, we can underline a change in the mode of conflict management in India’s North-eastern part. While, many theorists and policy-makers exemplify federal solution of violent ethnic identity demands as an ideal tool, both Central and State policies are relying more and more on development-security nexus. From the day of getting office as Premier, Narendra Modi has clearly shown his inclination towards this nexus for bringing peace and stability in Northeast. In different speeches and policy formulations, he seems stubborn towards insurgent groups’ federal demands, and emphasizing and implementing an integrated development plan for North-Eastern Region alongwith the rest of India. His well-acclaimed policies like ‘Act East’, and ‘Neighbourhood First’ also helping in both development and securitisation of Northeast. In this Book, the propositions of this Nexus will be empirically tested in five years of NDA regime (2014-19). Broadly, this Book will delve in the questions like – What do we mean by ‘Development- Security Nexus’?; How the ‘Development - Security Nexus’ is differently imbued with meaning and ultimately employed in India?; What are the ‘new’ policies of Indian Government during Modi-led NDA Government (2014 – 2019)?; What are the development policies and initiatives of NDA Government (2014 – 2019) in development arena of India’s Northeast?; What are the security measures of NDA Government (2014 –2019) in NER?; How far Development-Security Nexus is successful in mitigating or managing conflict in India’s North-eastern part? This Study is qualitative research, in which content analysis technique is applied to study variety of data sources. In this Study, the Governmental documents from different ministries - like Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region, Ministry of Defence etc. - was interpreted to test the hypothesis. Some reliable non- Governmental sources - like data of Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Pvt. Ltd., Environmental Systems Research Institute and South Asia Terrorism Portal etc. - was also examined for the information and their analysis. As the topic is very much contemporary and we have paucity of secondary sources, print media and multimedia sources were also considered from reliable sources. I hope, this Book will be a benchmark for the society as well as policy making bodies as a comprehensive comparative database of the tested hypothesis that state versus community conflict in Northeast India can be managed through integrated thrust over Development and Security policies.
This book contains thirty-one Best Paper Award-winning articles presented in the IIHSG International Conference 2021 on Gender Security and Global Politics organised by Interdisciplinary Institute of Human Security & Governance (previously Indian Institute of Human Security & Governance), Delhi in collaboration with the Centre for International Studies and Diplomacy, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London & Department of International Relations, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Around 450 gender security experts presented paper in this virtual event from 20 countries. ‘Security’ is a contested concept in global politics especially International Relations. Security often treated as a sole property of ‘masculinized’ politics of ‘realism’. But, ‘security’ and ‘gender’ both the terms has multifaceted usage. If ‘insecurity’ can be understood by ‘vulnerability’, then, you might agree that every ‘gender’ is vulnerable in pandemic time as it affected both physical and mental security of every individual irrespective of race, region or religion. This book, Gender Security & Global Politics tries to address various contemporary security issues in global arena through gendered lenses – like Gender Security: Theoretical Debate; Gender Security and Law; Gender Security and Governance; Gender Security & Labour Force; Gender Security & Political Economy; Gender Security and Sustainable Development; Non-Governmental Gender Security Measures; Global Agencies for Gender Security; Global Parameters for Gender Security; Gender Security in Domestic Sphere; Child Security Threats: Recent Trends and Gender Security and Pandemic: Recent Trends. I hope that this collection of essays can become a benchmark for the future as well as spur new research agendas and projects that will put the region into a much-needed conversation on the recent trends of gender security in world politics. The volume is essential reading for social scientists, bureaucrats and non-governmental political activists interested in gender security. It will also appeal to public policy analysts and scholars who have yet to adopt the contribution of critical security and development studies in the analysis of different dimensions of gender security.
This book, strongly grounded in primary sources, makes an important contribution to the intellectual history of early modern Bengal. It brings to light the complex interpenetration of diverse interests, opinions, and ideologies articulated by various social groups implicated in the process of colonization on the lines of Ranajit Guha's work on property relations in Bengal and Radhika Singha's work on law. There is no comparable work specifically on the subject of Hindu property rights and how these came to be perceived or interpreted in early modern Bengal. The author explores the so-called compendia prepared under British auspices and argues that there was hardly any link between the Smritis and the laws. The latter were determined almost entirely by changing British policy with regard to land revenue and that many of the positive features of Hindu custom like women's rights to property were undermined in the process.
An empathetic, moving account of what drives indigenous peasants to support armed struggle despite severe state repression, including lives lost, and homes and communities destroyed Over the past decade, the heavily forested, mineral-rich region of Bastar in central India has emerged as one of the most militarized sites in the country. The government calls the Maoist insurgency the “biggest security threat” to India. In 2005, a state-sponsored vigilante movement, the Salwa Judum, burned hundreds of villages, driving their inhabitants into state-controlled camps, drawing on counterinsurgency techniques developed in Malaysia, Vietnam and elsewhere. Apart from rapes and killings, hundreds of “surrendered” Maoist sympathizers were conscripted as auxiliaries. The conflict continues to this day, taking a toll on the lives of civilians, security forces and Maoist cadres. In 2007, Sundar and others took the Indian government to the Supreme Court over the human rights violations arising out of the conflict. In a landmark judgment in 2011 the court banned state support for vigilantism. The Burning Forest describes this brutal war in the heart of India, and what it tells us about the courts, media and politics of the country. The result is a fascinating critical account of Indian democracy.
The community of waste pickers in Calcutta stands on its own against the hostile outside which comprises the state, elites and mainstream society. The residents of this unique world continuously try to escape the ‘ideal’ world of uniform homogeneity of legally legitimate profession, shelter, sanitation, education, healthcare, savings, credit and cultural activities of the mainstream. This book examines the lives and society of a marginalised urban community of waste pickers living within the city of Calcutta, and yet on the periphery of mainstream society. Through interpretive ethnography of the studied community focusing on ideological marginalisation, as distinct from economic marginalisation, the book studies the community and their world. It uniquely presents a volume of work in the field of ideological or socio-cultural marginalisation: showing how and why socio-cultural marginalisation is expressed through the daily experiences of material and emotional dilapidation, and physical and socio-cultural seclusion as experienced by the waste picking community in Calcutta. It provides an extensive and intimate discourse on the decay of the soul and mind, breakdown of the interpersonal and neighbourhood ties through the mediation of the biased state, mainstream and elite policies attached with the defamed peripheral regions of the city. It argues that ideological marginalisation represents alternative resistance to exploitation through silent defiance, non-participation and non-cooperation by the marginalised people with mainstream society, state and non-governmental organisations (NGOs). It concludes that there is a large scope for studying the negotiation skills of waste pickers/marginalised people in terms of their business with their retailers which help them attain some economic returns, although they still lack social capital, networking skills and human capital. Presenting exciting new ethnography against the background of important theoretical concepts, the book initiates a dialogue about options for a change in the situation of these marginalised people vis-à-vis the state, elites and mainstream society. It will be of interest to an interdisciplinary audience in the fields of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Urban Studies, Development Studies, Urban Sociology and South Asian Studies.
The Burning Forest is an empathetic, moving account of what drives indigenous peasants to support armed struggle despite severe state repression, including lives lost, homes and communities destroyed. Over the past decade, the heavily forested,mineral-rich region of Bastar in central India has emerged as one of the most militarized sites in the country. The government calls the Maoist insurgency the "biggest security threat" to India. In 2005, a state-sponsored vigilante movement, the Salwa Judum, burnt hundreds of villages, driving their inhabitants into state-controlled camps, drawing on counterinsurgency techniques developed in Malaysia, Vietnam and elsewhere. Apart from rapes and killings, hundreds of 'surrendered' Maoist sympathisers were conscripted as auxiliaries. The conflict continues to this day, taking a toll on the lives of civilians, security forces and Maoist cadres. In 2007, Sundar and others took the Indian government to the Supreme Court over the human rights violations arising out ofthe conflict. In a landmark judgment, the Court in 2011 banned state supportfor vigilantism. The Burning Forest describes this brutal war in the heart of India, and what it tells us about the courts, media and politics of the country. The result is a granular and critical ethnography of Indian democracy over a decade.
This book is part of my PhD research work which was submitted and awarded from Deccan College Post-Graduate & Research Institute (Deemed University), Pune, India in 2015. I have chosen to work on “Nishi” as I was always fascinated about the tribal cultures. As Northeast India is a homeland of many tribal communities with living traditions, Nishis were one of them. They were the largest tribal communities in Arunachal Pradesh as well as in Northeast India known for their brave attitudes. During British time in India, Nishis were the one who defeated the British to enter in their land. They killed many British officials, and the British feared them. Recollecting from the umpteen memories from my archive, some unsurpassable experiences must be mentioned here. It is known that Arunachal Pradesh is a state which is not easily accessible. To enter the state, one needs an ‘Inner Line Permit’ granted by the Arunachal Pradesh state authority and which is valid only for seven days. In this case, I had to return every week to Tezpur, Assam to renew my permission. It was very difficult for me to work for more than a month in this region for one field season. Despite the known facts regarding inner line permits the rich cultural and ethnographic data needed attention. Lush beauty and treasure are not easily accessible, so is the tribe. Nishis are always distinguished by their dress and head gear. Seeing the pictures of the tribe made me very curious to know more about them and understand their cultural heritage and traditions. Staying in the village with the Nishi people, collecting the wild plants in the hill forest, catching fish in the Kameng River are my lifetime memories. This book is a small token of gratitude towards all Nishi community and their cultural heritage.
This is India's first English translation of Mamata Banerjee's memoirs. Based on her previous writings in Bengali, this succint account spans through her life, right from her youth to her political career. Her humble upbringing comes to the forefront as she expresses her innate desire to nurture her political career with her values. A journey into the life of one of India's most renowned politicians, this memoir is poignant and forthright account of her trials and tribulations, which have inevitably contributed to both her personality and her role as a politician.
Religious nationalists and women’s activists have transformed India over the past century. They debated the idea of India under colonial rule, shaped the constitutional structure of Indian democracy, and questioned the legitimacy of the postcolonial consensus, as they politicized one dimension of identity. Using a historical comparative approach, the book argues that external events, activist agency in strategizing, and the political economy of transnational networks explain the relative success and failure of Hindu nationalism and the Indian women’s movement rather than the ideological claims each movement makes. By focusing on how particular activist strategies lead to increased levels of public support, it shows how it is these strategies rather than the ideologies of Hindutva and feminism that mobilize people. Both of these social movements have had decades of great power and influence, and decades of relative irrelevance, and both challenge postcolonial India’s secular settlement – its division of public and private. The book goes on to highlight new insights into the inner dynamics of each movement by showing how the same strategies - grassroots education, electoral mobilization, media management, donor cultivation - lead to similarly positive results. Bringing together the study of Hindu nationalism and the Indian women’s movement, the book will be of interest to students and scholars of South Asian Religion, Gender Studies, and South Asian Politics.
If we say the term ‘Gender Security’, people generally think about ‘women security’. But actually, it can encompass all kind of insecurity issues of human beings, and can talk about transgender vulnerability, child insecurity, old age problems and other human security issues like health, income and education. Gender security should not be a purely feminist issue to be discussed. This book, Different Dimensions of Gender Security tries to see the vulnerabilities of mankind through gendered lenses. The topics covered here are Gender Security and Law; Gender Security and Governance; Gender Security & Labour Force; Gender Security and Sustainable Development; Global Agencies for Gender Security; Gender Security in Domestic Sphere; Child Security Threats: Recent Trends and Gender Security and Pandemic: Recent Trends. In the twenty-three articles, authors have discussed this issue vividly. I really thank all the authors from India, Bangladesh and Nepal for discussing different dimensions of gender security from South Asian perspective. The goal of this Book is to improve the standards of the international community of academicians, researchers, scholars, and scientists by exposing them to the latest trends, developments, and challenges in the field. I hope that this collection of essays can become a benchmark for the future as well as spur new research agendas and projects that will put the region into a much-needed conversation on the different dimensions of gender security in contemporary world. The volume is essential reading for social scientists, bureaucrats and non-governmental political activists interested in gender security. It will also appeal to public policy analysts and scholars who have yet to adopt the contribution of critical security and development studies in the analysis of different dimensions of gender security.
Introducing the book “Textbook of Advanced Pharmacognosy-I" is something that fills me with an incredible amount of joy. The content of this book has been meticulously crafted to adhere to the curriculum for Bachelor of Pharmacy students that have been outlined by the Pharmacy Council of India. An effort has been made to investigate the topic using terminology that is as straightforward as possible in order to make it more simply digestible for pupils. The book has a number of illustrations, such as flowcharts and diagrams that make it simple for students to comprehend complex ideas. It is the author's honest desire that both students and academicians would take something helpful away from reading this book. I am hoping that both the students and the teachers will have positive reactions to this book. We are open to hearing recommendations regarding any and all aspects of the profession. We take full responsibility for any deviations or errors that may have been overlooked, and we would be extremely appreciative if readers would bring them to our attention if they did occur.
Gond Rani Veerangana Durgawati, queen of the tribal kingdom of Garha Mandla, ruled more than 450 years ago and died fighting for her dharma. A survivor who was not afraid to stand up for her rights, she was a warrior smart enough to use terrain to counter much larger manpower and artillery strength, a devoted mother and a model monarch who looked after her people till her last breath-the fact that she lived in blood-soaked medieval India, makes her story even more remarkable. The feisty and formidable Rani Durgawati lives on in the folk tales and songs of her people. These songs and tales have now been used by Nandini Sengupta to create a meticulously researched and accessibly written biography of a forgotten female hero and one of India's most underrated monarchs.
Mobilizing more revenue is a priority for sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Countries have to finance their development agendas, and weak revenue mobilization is the root cause of fiscal imbalances in several countries. This paper reviews the experience of low-income SSA countries in mobilizing revenue in recent decades, with two broad aims: identify empirical norms of how much and how fast countries have been able to mobilize more revenue and empirical determinants (panel estimates) of revenue mobilization. The paper finds that (i) the frequency distribution of changes in revenue ratios for SSA low-income countries (LICs) peaks at a pace of about 1⁄2-2 percentage points of GDP in the short-to-medium term and at a pace of about 2-31⁄2 percentage points of GDP over the longer term, and that (ii) almost all SSA-LICs managed to increase revenue ratios by more than 2 percentage points of GDP in the short-to-medium term, at least once in the last two decades. The sustainability of large increases in revenue ratios can be an issue, in particular for fragile countries. The panel estimates suggest that structural factors, such as per capita GDP, share of agriculture in GDP, inflation, degree of openness, and rents received from natural resources, are important determinants of tax revenue.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) or billionaire philanthropy is like a Rorschach test – the same act can look very different depending on how we understand its intentions and its consequences. In this book the author examines the politics of CSR in India to assess its ability to advance inclusive and sustainable development. The focus is on how CSR is remaking the practices and agendas of civic organizations that are being encouraged to collaborate with business to advance equality and prosperity. Civil society organizations (CSOs) and corporations have a history of hostility to each other. According to CSO workers, businesses selfishly exploit workers, despoil natural resources, and distort democracy to serve their own profit-making ends. According to business executives, CSOs are hopelessly naïve, inefficient, and interfere in the market in ways that reduce economic growth. And yet, in the past decade more and more CSOs and businesses are collaborating in new ways. Individuals from both sectors are setting up social impact enterprises, and social investing funds are increasing. The more traditional forms of corporate-CSO collaboration have expanded as more funds are flowing from business to the social sector. The divide between the corporate sector and civil society seems to be narrowing. Why is this happening and what are its consequences? This book examines these trends in India, where since 2013 the state has mandated co-operation between the largest firms and NGOs in pursuit of inclusive and sustainable development. This book offers evidence that CSR is unlikely to contribute to inclusive and sustainable development. By claiming to be “helpers” corporations are able to silence their critics and thus avoid making the deeper shifts in business models needed in order to create a more just and sustainable society.
Fragility and conflict pose a critical threat to the global goal of ending extreme poverty. Between 1990 and 2015, successful development strategies reduced the proportion of the world’s people living in extreme poverty from 36 to 10 percent. But in many fragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS), poverty is stagnating or getting worse. The number of people living in proximity to conflict has nearly doubled worldwide since 2007. In the Middle East and North Africa, one in five people now lives in such conditions. The number of forcibly displaced persons worldwide has also more than doubled in the same period, exceeding 70 million in 2017. If current trends continue, by the end of 2020, the number of extremely poor people living in economies affected by fragility and conflict will exceed the number of poor people in all other settings combined. This book shows why addressing fragility and conflict is vital for poverty goals and charts directions for action. It presents new estimates of welfare in FCS, filling gaps in previous knowledge, and analyzes the multidimensional nature of poverty in these settings. It shows that data deprivation in FCS has prevented an accurate global picture of fragility, poverty, and their interactions, and it explains how innovative new measurement strategies are tackling these challenges. The book discusses the long-term consequences of conflict and introduces a data-driven classification of countries by fragility profile, showing opportunities for tailored policy interventions and the need for monitoring multiple markers of fragility. The book strengthens understanding of what poverty reduction in FCS will require and what it can achieve.
This book is a comprehensive guide to the diagnosis and management of tuberculosis in obstetric and gynaecological patients. The book focuses on the endometrium (the inner membrane of the uterus) in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. Divided into five sections, the book begins with the history of tuberculosis, including an overview of tuberculosis in the 21st century, and features discussion on the relationship between nutrition in pregnancy and tuberculosis. Subsequent sections cover obstetrics, gynaecological issues, management of tuberculosis, and the final section discusses the future of the disease in obstetrics and gynaecology. The book discusses multidrug therapy for tuberculosis, and in multidrug resistant cases, strategies for the management of the disease, including isolation, proper ventilation, safe sputum disposal, training on cough hygiene, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, filtering major air conduits and use of submicron moulded masks. The final section discusses the latest technology in screening, diagnosis, therapy, new drugs and new drug delivery systems. Illustrated throughout with 66 full colour images, Tuberculosis Manual for Obstetricians & Gynecologists is a definitive source of reference for postgraduate medical students, residents and fellows in obstetrics and gynaecology, consultant obstetricians, gynaecologists, and pulmonologists. Key Points Guide to managing tuberculosis in obstetric and gynaecological patients Covers screening, diagnosis, management and future developments in the treatment of TB 66 full colour images and illustrations
This Chapter discusses the importance of Morality in Higher Education, concerns with the ethical implications of educational research and teaching, particularly in the areas dealing with moral and spiritual issues. It considers the primary aim of education should be to equip the students with moral values particularly in teaching-learning, research and practice in profession and related fields. It worth, the true value of education lies on the brighten-up of human life through the strengthening of social, moral and spiritual senses. It describes the role of the authority in a higher educational institution to illustrate how some of the issues might be addressed effectively to ensure moral and ethical practice. It takes as a central premise that researchers and students should be encouraged to ‘think morally’ rather than simply apply a code or set of standards.
Hindi Cinema is full of instances of repetition of themes, narratives, plots and characters. By looking at 60 years of Hindi cinema, this book focuses on the phenomenon as a crucial thematic and formal code that is problematic when representing the national and cinematic subject. It reflects on the cinema as motivated by an ongoing crisis of self-formation in modern India. The book looks at how cinema presents liminal and counter-modern identities emerging within repeated modern attempts to re-enact traumatic national events so as to redeem the past and restore a normative structure to happenings. Establishing structure and event as paradigmatic poles of a historical and anthropological spectrum for the individual in society, the book goes on to discuss cinematic portrayals of violence, gender embodiment, religion, economic transformations and new globalised Indianness as events and sites of liminality disrupting structural aspirations. After revealing the impossibility of accurate representation of incommensurable and liminal subjects within the historiography of the nation-state, the book highlights how Hindi cinema as an ongoing engagement with the nation-state as a site of eventfulness draws attention to the problematic nature of the thematic of nation. It is a useful study for academics of Film Studies and South Asian Culture.
Hindi Cinema is full of instances of repetition of themes, narratives, plots and characters. By looking at 60 years of Hindi cinema, this book focuses on the phenomenon as a crucial thematic and formal code that is problematic when representing the national and cinematic subject. It reflects on the cinema as motivated by an ongoing crisis of self-formation in modern India. The book looks at how cinema presents liminal and counter-modern identities emerging within repeated modern attempts to re-enact traumatic national events so as to redeem the past and restore a normative structure to happenings. Establishing structure and event as paradigmatic poles of a historical and anthropological spectrum for the individual in society, the book goes on to discuss cinematic portrayals of violence, gender embodiment, religion, economic transformations and new globalised Indianness as events and sites of liminality disrupting structural aspirations. After revealing the impossibility of accurate representation of incommensurable and liminal subjects within the historiography of the nation-state, the book highlights how Hindi cinema as an ongoing engagement with the nation-state as a site of eventfulness draws attention to the problematic nature of the thematic of nation. It is a useful study for academics of Film Studies and South Asian Culture.
Contagion and Enclaves studies the social history of medicine within two intersecting enclaves in colonial India; the hill station of Darjeeling which incorporated the sanitarian and racial norms of the British Raj; and in the adjacent tea plantations of North Bengal, which produced tea for the global market.
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