This concise and systematically organized text, now in its second edition, gives a clear insight into various membrane separation processes. It covers the fundamentals as well as the recent developments of different processes along with their industrial applications and the products. It includes the basic principles, operating parameters, membrane hardware, flux equation, transport mechanism, and applications of membrane-based technologies. Membrane separation processes are largely rate-controlled separations which require rate analysis for complete understanding. Moreover, a higher level of mathematical analysis, along with the understanding of mass transfer, is also required. These are amply treated in different chapters of the book to make the students comprehend the membrane separation principles with ease. This textbook is primarily designed for undergraduate students of chemical engineering, biochemical engineering and biotechnology for the course in membrane separation processes. Besides, the book will also be useful to process engineers and researchers. KEY FEATURES • Provides sufficient number of examples of industrial applications related to chemical, metallurgical, biochemical and food processing industries. • Focuses on important biomedical applications of membrane-based technologies such as blood oxygenator, controlled drug delivery, plasmapheresis, and bioartificial organs. • Includes chapter-end short questions and problems to test students’ comprehension of the subject. NEW TO THIS EDITION • A new section on membrane cleaning is included. Membrane fabrication methods are supplemented with additional information (Chapter 2). • Additional information on silt density index, forward osmosis and sea water desalination (Chapter 3). • Physicochemical parameters affecting nanofiltration, determination of various resistances using resistance in series model and few more industrial applications with additional short questions (Chapter 4). • Membrane cross-linking methods used in pervaporation, factors affecting pervaporation and few more applications (Chapter 9). • Membrane distillation, membrane reactor with different modules, types of membranes and reactions for membrane reactor (Chapter 13).
A high jet of cosmic endurance entered into the entire being of a highly scientific tempered Engineer. Untrained and unprepared for the cosmic gameplay, unknowingly a duplication of the energy flow was trapped in a Skull Thumb Ring. But unable to bear the high jet of energy, the skull thumb ring was parted from its immature creator which lay dormant in a railway compartment. The game wasn't destined to end soon and the uncontrolled, untrained source of cosmic energy found its victim once again. Vani, An owner of enchanting magnificence got trapped in the illusive whirlpool. Series of hallucinations, wearied adventure, events of past lives, and call of the dead connected different unfinished communication, and unfinished tasks relating to spiritual, gothic, and energetic events of the past. The uncontrolled energy was brought to an end....BUT NOT FOR EVER!
In the religious landscape of early medieval (c. AD 600-1200) Bihar and Bengal, poly-religiosity was generally the norm than an exception, which entailed the evolution of complex patterns of inter-religious equations. Buddhism, Brahmanism and Jainism not only coexisted but also competed for social patronage, forcing them to enter into complex interactions with social institutions and processes. Through an analysis of the published archaeological data, this work explores some aspects of the social history of Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jaina temples and shrines, and Buddhist stūpas and monasteries in early medieval Bihar and Bengal. This archaeological history of religions questions many ‘established’ textual reconstructions, and enriches our understanding of the complex issue of the decline of Buddhism in this area. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
What can war tell us about empire? In Climate of Conquest, Pratyay Nath seeks to answer this question by focusing on the Mughals. He goes beyond the traditional way of studying war in terms of battles and technologies. Instead, he unravels the deep connections that the processes of war-making shared with the society, culture, environment, and politics of early modern South Asia. Climate of Conquest closely studies the dynamics of the military campaigns that helped the Mughals conquer North India and project their power beyond it. The author argues that the diverse natural environment of South Asia deeply shaped Mughal military techniques and the course of imperial expansion. He also sheds light on the world of military logistics, labour, animals, and the organization of war; the process of the formation of imperial frontiers; and the empire’s legitimization of war and conquest. What emerges is a fresh interpretation of Mughal empire-building as a highly adaptive, flexible, and accommodative process.
Sustainable Advanced Solar Passive House provides a platform to disseminate knowledge regarding the basics of solar energy, heat transfer, and solar houses, including designing concepts. Apart from a brief introduction to solar physics and thermodynamics, the book primarily deals with the technical description of solar houses and associated concepts. Different types of photovoltaic modules and their integration with the buildings are discussed with case studies, including energy balance equations and fundamental energy matrices. It discusses concepts like energy matrices, solar passive heating/cooling, architecture design, low-cost building, energy/exergy analysis, building integrated photovoltaic, and energy conservation.
This concise and systematically organized text provides a fundamental overview of bioprocess engineering in a simple and straightforward manner with emphasis on its scope and applications. It is built on core concepts such as thermodynamics, stoichiometry, reactor design, transport phenomena, and process control. The book helps students familiarize the state-of-the-art knowledge in topics such as metabolic engineering, enzyme kinetics, biomass growth and propagation, fermentation and other industrial bioprocesses. KEY FEATURES • The book fully conforms to the model curriculum of biotechnology and bioprocess engineering as per AICTE guideline prescribed at senior undergraduate and graduate levels. • Contains extensive illustrative drawings, graphical presentation, images, and tables for better understanding of the subject. • Covers major concepts of biochemical engineering including applications in bioprocesses, fermentation technologies, enzymatic processes, and downstream separation processes, amongst others. • Provides a balanced blend of microbiology, biochemistry and chemical engineering knowledge base relevant to bioprocess design, operation and scale-up. • Includes chapter-end review questions and problems to test students' comprehension of the subject. • Summarises Key points at the end of each chapter, as a ready reckoner for the students to recapitulate. TARGET AUDIENCE • B.Tech. Biotechnology • B.Tech. Chemical Engineering • P.G. Diploma in Bioprocess Technology • M.Tech. Biotechnology
This book is an ideal reference text for teaching renewable energy to engineering and science students, as well as a reference book for scientists and professionals doing self study on the subject. The book has twelve chapters and starts with the definition and classification of renewable and non renewable energy and their status at global level. This chapter also contains the basic heat transfer mechanisms and laws of thermodynamics. It then deals with availability of solar radiation at different latitudes and energy and exergy analysis of flat plate collector, solar air collector, solar concentrator, evacuated tube collector, solar water heating system, solar distillation and solar cooker. The following chapter discusses the basics of semiconductor, its characteristics, working, characteristics of solar cell in dark and daylight situation, fundamentals of characteristic curves of semiconductor, fundamentals of PV module and array and some PVT systems. Detailed discussion on biomass, bio-fuels and biogas and their applications and the power produced by them, namely bio-power, is covered in the following chapters. Other renewable energy sources like hydropower, wind and geothermal are then covered as well as a chapter dealing with the working principle, basic theory and the capability to produce power from ocean thermal, tidal, wave and animal energy conversion systems. Subsequently, net CO2 mitigation, carbon credit, climate change and environmental impacts of all renewable energy resources are all covered followed by a discussion on the techno-economic feasibility of any energy sources as the backbone of its success and hence energy and economic analysis. The chapters deal the overall exergy of renewable energy sources by using the thermal and mechanical power and electrical energy as output. SI units are used throughout the book in solving various exercises in each chapter and conversion units of various physical and chemical parameters of metals and non-metals are also given in appendices.
Andragogical Interventions Higher Education in India Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Statement of the Problem 1.2 Research Objectives 1.3 Research Gaps 1.4 Research Questions 1.5 Scope of the Study 1.6 Significance of the Study 1.7 Organization of the Research Chapter 2 Context 2.1 Key Concepts of Flipped Learning Pedagogy and Its Evolvement 2.1.1 Historical Background 2.1.2 The Concept of Flipped Learning 2.1.3 Misconceptions about Flipped Learning 2.2 Theoretical Frameworks 2.3 Rising Interest in Flipped Learning Pedagogy 2.3.1 Research Studies on the Effects of Flipped Learning 2.3.2 Motivations to Apply Flipped Learning in Higher Education 2.3.3 Challenges and Barriers Faced in Flipped Learning 2.5 Pedagogical Framework and Course Design for Flipped Learning 2.6 Factors Impacting the Adoption of the Flipped Classroom 2.7 Strategies for Successful Implementation of Flipped Learning 2.8 Flipped Learning Use in Higher Education in India – Current Status and Challenges 2.9 Conceptual Framework of Flipped Learning in the Indian Context Chapter 3 Research Methodology 3.1 Research Design 3.1.1 Study Area 3.1.2 Data Sources 3.1.3 Rapid Appraisal Methodology 3.1.4 Questionnaire Survey 3.2 Unit of Analysis 3.3 Data Collection and Tools 3.3.1 Case Study of JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, India 3.3.2 Interviews with Key Informants 3.3.3 Focus Group Discussion. 3.3.4 Questionnaire Survey, Sample Size, and Reliability Chapter 4 Findings and Analysis 4.1 Application of Flipped Learning Pedagogy in Higher Education in India 4.1.1 Findings and Observations from a Visit to a College in India . 4.1.2 Findings from the Interviews 4.1.3 Findings from the Focus Group Discussion 4.2 Key Drivers for the Adoption of Flipped Learning 4.2.1 Findings and Descriptive Analysis 4.2.1.1 Breakdown of Respondents 4.2.1.2 Awareness of Flipped Learning 4.2.1.3 Experience with Flipping a Course 4.2.1.4 Educator Perspective on Students in Flipped Learning 4.2.1.5 Institutional Support 4.2.1.6 Challenges to Flip Courses 4.2.1.7 The Indian Context 4.2.2 Factor Analysis 4.3 Challenges Faced in Adoption of Flipped Learning in Higher Education in India 4.3.1 Total Interpretative Structural Modeling 4.3.1.1 Methodology for Challenges Identification and Validation 4.3.2 TISM Methodology and Model Development 4.4 Framework for Effective Implementation of Flipped Learning in Higher Education in India Chapter 5 Conclusion 5.1 Findings and Recommendations 5.2 Conclusion 5.3 Policy Recommendations and Actions for Indian Higher Education Institutes 5.4 Future Research
3D Printing in Biotechnology: Current Technologies and Applications explains the basic designs and recent progress in the application of 3D printing within various biotechnology fields. The book is a compilation of the basic fundamentals, designs, current applications, and future considerations related to this emerging technology, and summarizes the promising application of 3D bioprinting. Chapters contain detailed state-of-the-art knowledge to assist in the development and design of 3D printers, with applications in the medical, food, and environmental fields. This book will appeal to researchers and students from different disciplines, including materials science and technology, food, agriculture, and various biomedical fields.The content includes industrial applications and fills the gap between the research conducted in the laboratory and practical applications in related industries. - Offers an introduction to the emerging technologies and sectors in the field of 3D printing - Discusses the development of sustainable materials and bio-inks - Provides a guide for medical professionals and practitioners to incorporate current 3D printing technology into their medical practice - Bridges the knowledge gap for current designs used in 3D printing technology for designing an efficient and innovative 3D printer - Previews the technological basis for new farming practices and food engineering concepts utilizing 3D techniques
Dynamics of Investment Introduction 1.1.1 Indian Financial System 1.1.2 Theory of Planned Behaviour & Investment Behaviour 1.2 Background of the Problem 1.3 Theoretical Framework & Justification 2.2 Conceptual Background and Constructs’ Description 2.2.1 Attitude as a determinant of Investment intention 2.2.2 Subjective Norms as a determinant of Investment intention 2.2.3 Perceived Behavioural Control as a determinant of Investment intention 2.2.4 Risk Tolerance as a determinant of Investment intention 2.2.5 Financial Interest& Knowledge as a determinant of Investment intention 2.2.6 Financial Self efficacy as a determinant of Investment intention 2.2.7 Tendency towards savings and investment as a determinant of Investment intention 4.6.1 Association between Gender and Dynamics of Investment Intention 4.6.2 Association between Age group and Determinants of Investment Intention 4.6.3 Association between Education and Determinants of investment Intention 4.6.4 Association between Occupation and Determinants of Investment Intention 4.6.5 Association between Income and Determinants of Investment Intention 5.2.1 Demographic Profile of the investors 5.2.2 Determinants of Investment Intention 5.2.3 Relationship between Determinants and Investment Intention 5.2.4 Demographic association with the Determinants of Investment Intention 5.2.4.1 Gender and the Determinants of Investment Intention 5.2.4.2 Age group and Determinants of Investment Intention 5.2.4.3 Education and Determinants of Investment Intention 5.2.4.4 Occupation and Determinants of Investment Intention 5.2.4.5 Income and Determinants of Investment Intention
This book explores the emergence of identity politics and violence at the forefront of political life in an Indian state. Through a close reading of everyday politics in West Bengal, India, which until recently boasted of the longest-serving elected communist government in the world, the volume presents unique observations on Indian politics and its trajectories. One of the first ethnographic studies of religious polarisation and its interface with politics in West Bengal, this book: Offers a fresh perspective, both theoretically and empirically, by using longitudinal, multi-site ethnography, to explain the mechanisms by which identity issues have re-emerged; Studies key policy changes, political practices and series of invented traditions during periods of political transition; Examines intricate details of the micro-dynamics of the formulation and expansion of Hindu and Islamic fundamentalism and their political counterparts, which carry a capacity to push away secular, democratic forces from the existing political spectrum; Sheds light on the mechanisms of riots, its design, organisational bases and mechanisms of spread; Includes key observations from the 2021 elections in the state. The volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of political science, social and cultural anthropology, sociology and South Asian studies.
This is a more advanced and comprehensive volume on the subject which portrays fully, the concept of rural settlements. The author has gone in detail through his field and personal surveys rather than official sources to present the chronological evolution, toponomy, regional distributions size, spacing, density, dispersion, morphological structure, dwellings and problems and planning of rural settlements. Various physico-cultural and techno-economic variables which exert the spatial distributions of rural settlements, have been dealt with the latest available statistical and cartographic techniques upto a micro-level set up. Copiously illustrated with original maps, diagrams and tables, the study describes in simple language the concepts and recent trends in the subject.
The book portrays the scope and dimension of different financial inclusion strategies. It looks at the role and potential of banks involved in financial inclusion. This book focuses on the importance of financial inclusion and in measuring its important determinants. It provides an empirical insight into how the different factors influence financial inclusion of a nation, providing a guideline to the banks and the regulators to select an effective structure of bank branch and efficient composition, to ensure best utilization of their devoted resources in the context of a developing economy.
C Programming Essentials is specifically designed to be used at the beginner and intermediate level. The book is organized around language as the tool for design and programming and library functions. It demonstrates key techniques that make C effe
Solar photovoltaics is one of the most promising renewable energy technologies, producing electricity on site directly from the solar radiation without harming the environment and depletion of materials. The Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal (BIPVT) system is a technology which merges PV and thermal systems, simultaneously providing both electric and thermal energy. Through this combination more energy is generated per unit surface area in comparison to the standalone photovoltaics system. Benefits of the BIPVT system include significantly increased electrical performance, faster payback than traditional systems, negligible impact on the environment and the product is easier and less expensive to install with low maintenance required. This book describes the recent developments in PV technologies, solar radiation available on the earth, various BIPVT systems and their applications, energy and exergy analysis, carbondioxide migration and credit earned, life cycle cost analysis and life cycle conversion efficiency. Presently there is no single book which covers all the basic and the advanced concepts related to the implementation of solar energy for the passive heating and cooling of the building. In addition to the basic concepts, the book includes the technology advances, modelling and analysis and ongoing research in the area of BIPVT. Key features of book include: -Solar heating and cooling concepts -Thermal comfort -Performance analysis of BIPVT system -Worldwide case studies -Energy payback period -Techno-economics and sustainability of the system The book, written by experts in the field with years of research and teaching, is intended for the specialists, scientists and people involved in research in the disciplines of renewable energy, energy studies, building energy or carbon credit. For the practicing professional, advanced senior or graduate student with work experience, the book should be used as part of an integrative program enabling them to make deep linkages and thus better decisions in the professional world.
This book discusses topics such as solar energy, heat transfer, solar cell and photovoltaic module, greenhouse-integrated semi-transparent photovoltaic thermal (GiSPVT) system for agriculture and aquaculture, GiSPVT solar dryer, and PVT water and air collector for water heating, air heating, biogas heating and swimming pool heating, etc. The book also discusses energy matrices, including EPBT, EPF, and LCCE. It includes pedagogical elements such as exercises, tables, and figures including problems and objective questions at the end of each chapter. Further, it includes the unit conversion from FPS system to SI unit of each parameter, namely length, energy, power, velocity, pressure force, etc., and some standard constants used in examples. Quasi steady state and periodic modeling of PVT technology described in the book is a useful reference for students, researchers, and academicians to design solar energy-based technology.
Causes of addisions disease include auto immune adrenalitis, Tuberculosis, fungal as well as bacterial infections, hemorrhage, medications as well as steroid withdrawal, genetic factors, adrenal gland surgery and amyloidosis. Symptoms of addisions disease are fatigue, muscle weakness, unintentional weight loss, loss of appetite, skin changes, nausea, vomition, diarrhea, constipation, orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, fainting, intense cravings for salty foods, joint pains, irritability, depression, anxiety, thinning of hair, brittle nails and hypoglycemia. Diagnosis of addisions disease is based on clinical evaluation, laboratory tests such as serum cortisol levels, ACTH stimulation stimulation test, serum aldosterone levels, electrolyte imbalance, imaging studies namely CT scan, MRI scan and additional tests namely anti-adrenal antibodies, renin levels. Differential diagnosis is dependent on adrenal insufficiency causes such as auto immune adrenalitis, tuberculosis of adrenal gland, fungal infections, genetic mutations and other endocrine disorders namely cushings syndrome, excess cortisol production ans excess aldosterone production. Differential diagnosis is related to gastro intestinal disoprders such as gastro enteritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as well as auto immune diseases like systemic lupus ertythematous (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis and infections namely HIV and AIDS. Treatment of addisions disease is linked to hormone replacement therapy namely glucocorticoid replacement, mineraocorticoid replacement as well as medication dosage, stress management, monitoring regular checkups, diet modifications and lifestyle modifications. Finally it is concluded that Addisions disease is a rare but potentially serious condition that influences the adrenal glands, resulting in hormonal imbalances.
The book include the generosity and mental make-up of Deshbandhu, his patriotism, his dutifulness towards his associates and co-workers, his nature, advocation to solve country's multifarious problems and his close and cordial relationship with the reputed leaders of his time.
Presently there is no single publication available which covers the topics related to photovoltaic (PV) or photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) technologies, thermal modelling, CO2 mitigation and carbon trading. This book disseminates the current knowledge in the fundamentals of solar energy, photovoltaic (PV) or photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) technologies, energy security and climate change and is aimed at undergraduate and postgraduate students and professionals. The main emphasis of the book is on the design, construction, performance and application of PV and PV/T from the electricity and thermal standpoint. Hot topics covered in the book include: energy security of a nation, climate change, CO2 mitigation and carbon credit earned by using PV or PV/T technologies (Carbon Trading). This information will prove helpful in filling the gap between the researchers and professionals working on the application of photovoltaic and global climate change. It also covers economic, cost effective and sustainable aspects of photovoltaic technologies. The book gives a detailed history of the new technological developments in PV/T systems worldwide with system photographs and references and elaborates on the fundamentals of hybrid systems and their performances with thermal modelling. Energy and exergy analysis, techno-economic analysis and carbon trading are key chapters for research professionals. The book also includes important case studies to aid understanding of the subject for all readers.
The great majority of the population in colonial and postcolonial India lived in the countryside and were poor. Many were unable to find gainful work outside agriculture and remained dependent on a livelihood that provided only subsistence, and a precarious one. Seeking the roots of persistent poverty, Maanik Nath finds that the pervasive high cost and shortage of capital affected the peasant's ability to invest in land. The productivity of land, as a result, remained small and changed little. Bridging economic theory and historical evidence, Capital Shortage shows that climate, law, policy design, and interactions between these factors, perpetuated a stubborn cycle of low investment and widespread deprivation over several decades. These findings can be tested against credit and development in preceding and succeeding periods as well as positioned in comparative global context.
The book describes various recent technological interventions in production, handling and processing of important horticultural crops and also discusses the various methods to extend the shelf life as well as development of different value added products including important spices and other uses. Importance of horticulture in Indian context, growth pattern, area and production, and its role in human nutrition are discussed in this book.
Micro-finance has been holding the interest of researchers, scholars and practitioners for some time now because of its development implications and impact on women empowerment. Women micro-entrepreneurs in addition to facing serious bottlenecks like male domination and social taboos also suffer from dearth of capital to finance their economic activities. Micro-finance as a major development strategy provides a practical approach to attack the vices of poverty, especially for women. The book deals with - Concepts of micro-finance, systems of micro-finance delivery, i.e., the savings and credit linkages of Self Help Groups with banks, different likage models. - Activities of institutions like the NABARD and SIDBI in linking groups and the features of the SGSY launched by the Government. - The role played by a regional Rural Bank in North Bengal in formation and linking of SHGs. - The perception of women micro-entrepreneurs towards micro-financing schemes and SHGs, their activities in SHGs, their problems and constraints in dealing with banks and role and perception of bank officials. - Impact of micro-finance schemes on women using socio-economic indicators. - Policy implications for better administration of Micro-finance schemes. The book aims at attracting readership among: - Micro-finance practitioners - Government agencies engaged in Micro-financing Activities - NGOs - Banks and Funding Agencies - Students of Micro-finance and Developmental Studies as a supplementary text - Policy makers.
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