This book examines treasure law and practice from the rise of the new science of archaeology in the early Victorian period to the present day. Drawing on largely-unexamined state records and other archives, the book covers several legal jurisdictions: England and Wales, Scotland, Ireland pre- and post-independence, and post-partition Northern Ireland. From the Mold gold cape (1833) to the Broighter hoard (1896), from Sutton Hoo (1939) to the Galloway hoard (2014), the law of treasure trove, and the Treasure Act 1996, are considered through the prism of notable archaeological discoveries, and from the perspectives of finders, landowners, archaeologists, museum professionals, collectors, the state, and the public. Literally and metaphorically, treasure law is revealed as a ground-breaking chapter in the history of the legal protection of cultural property and cultural heritage in Britain and Ireland.
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or "mad cow disease," first diagnosed in late 1986, is transmitted through feed, indirect horizontal transmission, apparently maternally and possibly horizontally, through cattle-to-cattle contact or a contaminated environment. With no ante-mortem test yet developed, the only information available about BSE is from case surveillance and a limited number of experiments. Only through careful and rigorous modeling and analysis can reliable estimates of past infection and predictions of future cases be made. The modeling developed for BSE utilizes a range of techniques from statistics, ecology, and demography that is of interest both as a case study and for providing tools for other modeling projects. Statistical Aspects of BSE and vCJD: Models for Epidemics presents the general methodology required for thorough analysis and modeling of novel long incubation diseases with largely unknown etiology. BSE in British cattle is the primary example system presented, but application to other diseases, particularly the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (e.g., Scrapie in sheep and nvCJD in humans) are also highlighted. The book concentrates on presenting an exposition of the "state-of-the-art" rather than introductory material on the mathematical/statistical modeling of infectious diseases.
Rendering punishment by death is one of the forms of punishment that have been employed through the ages. It is one of the severest punishments. Extinguishing a life is not an ordinary incident and the means employed are also out of the ordinary. Right from early ages; the mode of conducting this punishment varied from place to place; country to country and time to time. This book chronicles the various modes of execution employed from the medieval to the present time; the nature of the case which prompted such a sentence; various cases and the laws behind them. Although majority of the countries have abolished this kind of punishment; there are still some countries where it is prevalent. Around sixty percent of the population lives in such countries. A study of global trends as a whole and more specifically the United States and India; where this trend still exists; has been conducted in this book. It also critically examines procedural precautions taken in the execution. The book is replete with maps; statistics; charts and diagrams showing the public opinion on the subject in the world and the impact of international terrorism to national security on the issue of death punishment. Some of the leading cases in the US and India have been examined; especially that of Deena; which is the only case in India where the judiciary deliberated on the method of execution of death by hanging.
First published in 2004. These four classic masterpieces in esoteric research by the noted orientalist - M. Penzer explore customs and traditions from other cultures and periods of history which, for all their apparent strangeness, mask fundamental subjects of continuing interest. The first concerns the motif of the poison damsel -- the beauty who dealt death in many forms to her admirers - which originated in India, was prevalent in medieval Europe, and persists today in the belief of the femme fatale. The volume includes a study in the ancient Tate of the Two Thieves, an essay on sacred prostitution in India, the ancient East and West Africa, and an exhaustive treatment of the custom of chewing the betel or areca nut which is widespread in the far East from India through Indonesia to New Guinea. A natural stimulant and narcotic whose effects are similar to that of tobacco, betel is of growing interest to the medical world, and has, as the author shows here, a rich legacy of customs and belief.
Key Topics in General Surgery is the ideal reference and revision aid for postgraduate examinations in general surgery. The book contains essential information on approximately 100 carefully selected topics pertinent to modern practice in clinical general surgery. Wherever possible the information is presented in a uniform manner, with the focus on diagnosis and management.
SALI Project Code P*063. Climate, vegetation, geology, soils and land use were investigated in an area of basalt soils supporting predominantly softwood scrub and layered open forest vegetation in part of the Linthorpe and Ashall Creek catchments of the eastern Darling Downs.
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