This unique text provides comprehensive coverage of betalains, outlining the specific makeup and uses of this plant. The chapters provide deep insight into the biosynthesis, structures, pharmacokinetics, stability, extraction, health benefits and occurrence in nature of betalains. As the first major reference work to focus specifically on betalains, this book serves as an important reference for any researcher looking for insights into the use of betalains as functional foods, food coloring agents, and nutraceuticals. Betalains: Biomolecular Aspects outlines the chemical structure of betalains, including their occurrence in nature. The utilization of of these plants as natural color in food and beverages is covered in depth, as are the intake and secretion of betalains in the human body. The various factors affecting the stability of betalains are described, including their stability when used in food products. Current health related uses for these plants are outlined, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory uses. The isolation and purification of these plants, plus analysis techniques, are outlined. In providing extensive coverage of betalains and their uses, this text presents a singular work which is of major value for a wide range of researchers.
This Brief presents comprehensive coverage of anthocyanins. The text covers the scientific literature and clinical significance of this Flavonoid sub-group, with a special focus on their therapeutic aspects. In focusing on secondary metabolites in plants, this work aims to cover the resulting therapeutic potential for humans by referencing the numerous herbal-derived substances which have been evaluated and the rapidly growing data on the interactions of anthocyanins with the microbiome. Anthocyanins and Human Health: Biomolecular and therapeutic aspects covers all angles of biomolecular, in vitro and in vivo anthocyanins from their general chemical structure to their use as a coloring agent. The intake, metabolism and secretion of anthocyanins in the human body are covered in-depth, as are the biosynthetic pathways through which these compounds are synthesized in the natural system. Factors affecting stability and extraction are listed, and health related uses and biological activities are covered in great detail. Present and future trends in anthocyanins research are also presented.
In this autobiographical, historical and analytical perspective on Pakistan, Najm takes a closer look at the judicial revolution in Pakistan. Pakistani Judiciary becomes the reader's navigator through meandering paths of Pakistan's internal battles for institutional growth. This is also a diplomat's view of the socio-historical evolution of Pakistan. His outlook combines an insider's insights and limitations with an extensive historical and cultural learning process that includes living, working and pursuing academic interests abroad. He also unravels fundamental contradictions that militate against emergence of equitable educational opportunities in Pakistan. He meets thus a general reader, a policy maker, legal community abroad and at home, democracy advocates, the Diaspora, the students and analysts on their turf. Born in Multan, Pakistan, Najm is currently a candidate for MA in Law and Diplomacy, at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University.
PAKISTAN Muhammad Anwar and Ebad Baig The creation of Pakistan on August 14, 1947, was a rare and unprecedented event in the study of politics that the world has ever seen. However, the Indian leadership never accepted the creation of Pakistan, and its security remained threatened even after a long period of existence because of the Kashmir dispute, which was left unresolved at the time of the partition of the subcontinent. The worst happened when Pakistan's founding father passed away on September 11, 1948, followed by the assassination of the first prime minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan, on October 16, 1951. The weak and shrewd political leadership eventually paved the way for the military intervention, and Pakistan remained under the dictatorial governments for more than three decades between 1958 and 2008. As a result of the political void, Pakistan was dismembered in December 1971 by the direct Indian military action in East Pakistan while the United States played the role of a spectator. Despite the US duplicity in 1971, Pakistan remained engaged in fighting the US proxy war in Afghanistan since 1979 and was facing the fierce situation in the hands of the terrorists who were expressing their anger and revenge through bomb blasts and suicidal attacks all over the country. This book examines Pakistan's journey through the turbulent waters of the history right from 1947 to 2012, pinpointing what went wrong during the whole passage and those responsible for the disasters that the Pakistani nation has to painfully endure continuously during all these years. This is to allow the military leaders to review and fix the institution burdened with the task of defending the homeland and the political leadership to walk through this mirror for making Pakistan a strong and modern Muslim state in the world in line with the vision of Mohammad Ali Jinnah.
Do not miss out reading the Quran with best possible comprehension, You will learn about the aim of this short lived life and the success in the eternal life. When you study this comprehensive work, you will learn a lot about the: Universal Message of the Quran Important nuts and bolts in the area of research of Revealed Message and Social sciences Stylistic and communicative dimensions in English translations of Surah Yaaseen Interrogating the Quranic translations into English Background of the Quranic literature in English Kinds of translation, why different translations Principles of translation of revealed Message Linguistics and Bible translations Linguistics and the Quranic translations Styles of the Arabic text of the Quran Presentation and analysis of data Syntactic and lexical comparison A comprehensive model for the Quranic translations
Stolen Stripes and Broken Medals is a true account of the life of a Pakistani naval officer who despite reaching the star ranks and with impeccable record of service had to prematurely say good bye to his long military career. In fact those achievements created enemies who ultimately staged the fatal conspiracy when he was at the pinnacle of his career and was just about to get his second star. The title of this book reflects as to how his hard earned stripes were stolen and his medals broken by no one other than the top brass of the Navy since he had refused to tell a lie to safeguard their personal interests. This book tells the story of his long naval career which was full of adventures, challenges, and achievements and of course the due recognition which he had earned through sheer hard work and dedication to the service. This is an eye opening account for those who want to see as to what happens to those who are upright and honest but without any backing in a country like Pakistan. It also reflects on what happens behind the close doors of the top leadership in the Armed Forces, who are trusted with nations sacred duty. It is for the first time that someone has taken such a bold step to touch the untouchable, apprising his nation and those in the helm of affairs, expecting some positive outcome.
Why have Islamic insurance systems developed well in some countries, but not in others? Malaysia is considered as Islamic insurance elite due to its relatively large number of operators it houses as well as the sustained growth of Islamic insurance sales within the country, while Indonesia and Pakistan are still in early stages of development. Analyzing the political and social history of Islamization of insurance systems in these three Muslim majority countries in Asia since 1980s, this book demonstrates the development gap between these countries on Islamic insurance results from; firstly, complex bargains made between various groups within each country polity, and those bargains are structured by the country's fundamental political institutions. Secondly, the gap is also an outcome of different societal transformations during the Islamization that 'produce Islam(s)' in these countries. The revival of Islamic principles in these countries does not only create Sharia-compliant financial products but produces Islamic norms, identities, ethics, and practices enacted in the way the communities manage their risk.
Once an immigrant is always an immigrant, as the saying goes. But, unless and until one moves, leaving behind every materialistic and spiritual attachment forever known is not an easy task. Only one who has moved to unknown destinations while never knowing as to what is going to happen needs courage beyond doubt and a clear vision to see the unforeseen. This book underlies the hard truth relating to circumstances under which the whole life, culture, religion and graves of loved ones have been put away as if it never existed. The journey never ends, after looking for a safe haven and being accepted in a new culture and society. Therefore, every effort, great and small has to be taken to get yourself recognized once again but this time the struggle never goes in vain and the results are to be achieved not instantly but with the passage of time without any regret. This makes the world a safe place not only for you, but for the generations to come. This book envisages the happenings in the corrupt society of Pakistan and crumbling institutions in all walks of life which leads people to look the peace heavens, to migrate to different parts of the world.The ray of hope at the end of the tunnel keeps them overcomming the obstacles put by the usurpers and by those who think they have captured the minds and bodies of all these people.
The field of research: Pakistani Punjab -- Islam, image and iconophobia -- Popular arts and its transformation -- Popular religious art -- Popular figures of piety -- Popular secular art -- Souvenir arts -- Objects of status representation -- Family memorabilia -- Conclusion: Identities and manifestation.
Medicinal flora plays an important role in health care systems across the world. Out of the half million flowering plants, around 50.000 species are valued for their therapeutic properties. During the last few decades, 20% of the world’s population used plants and/or their derived products as a source of medicine. WHO stated that 80% population around the globe, specifically the rural communities, depend on medicinal plants for their basic healthcare needs. To this end, plant-based phytochemicals are known to have hepato-protective, anti-carcinogenic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant actions. This book is a guide to ~280 plant species of medicinal flora that demonstrates global relevance. Our goal is to share local knowledge about phytomedicines to a worldwide audience. It is an illustrated reference that documents and preserves the existing knowledge on these plant taxa, with a social and cultural (ethnobotanical) emphasis. This book also provides comprehensive and useful information about traditional uses of medicinal plants by the local communities for the treatment of various prevalent diseases. It contains comprehensive descriptions of each species including family, synonyms, English name, distribution, altitude, habitat, morphological description, life form, part used, mode of utilization, diseases category, recipes, other medicinal uses, phytochemical activity and toxicity.
The Baloch National Struggle in Pakistan discusses the relevance of the principle of the right of self-determination in the context of rising trends towards ethnic nationalism in Afro-Asian countries. The book deals with the emerging conflict of the Baloch with Pakistan and Iran. It also discusses the geopolitical and geostrategic repercussions of any re-demarcations of the boundaries of Pakistan and Iran on the region and long-term policies of world powers. The book gives an insight into the political psychology and cultural traits of the Baloch struggle for safeguarding their historic personality, political sovereignty, and their national and cultural survival in Iran and Pakistan.
Pakistan has been subjected to numerous pulls an pressures since its independence. Despite being part of the US-led alliances, Pakistan was dismembered in 1971. With the end of the Cold War, the situation has gone from bad to worse and even after a long period of existence Pakistans security remains threatened by the adversary. Consequently Pakistan has to spend much more on defence than her resources permitting. The only plausible way out for Pakistan is to look for Friends near Home who could act as the relief zones to off-set the potential threat and provide all possible assistance to safeguard her strategic security interests. Friends Near Home presents the realistic perspective, analysis and aspirations by someone from the soil which should interest the civilians as well as those in uniform. Focussing on Pakistans strategic security options, the thesis succinctly examines the politico-strategic and maritime environment of the region which includes South Asia, South-West Asia and Central Asia with special reference to the North-West Indian Ocean Region milieu. The author has made a positive effort to analyse the viability and efficacy of the regional states i.e. Friends near Home, with a view to enhance Pakistans security parameters. All this reflects authors vision of Pakistan into 21st Century and beyond. This book also presents the guiding principles for the regional as well as extra regional countries. Some bold thoughts and recommendations suggested in this book could serve as the stabilizing factors for the region and ultimately contributing towards the world peace and stability. Expansion of the Gulf Cooperation Council leading to the establishment of the Enlarged Economic Cooperation Organisation is one such realistic but challenging proposition. Pakistans envisaged maritime orientation should conveniently help attainment of this difficult but achievable objective. Those in power should carry this vision to the testing grounds for the sake of a promising future ushering a new era of cooperation and development in this resource-rich region, and striving together for world peace and stability.
This study revolves around the jihad ideas of 'Abd Allāh 'Azzām — an iconic figure in the study of militant jihad in the 20th century, history of Afghan jihad against the Soviet Union, Al-Qaeda and current threat of terrorism.This study has several objectives:some of 'Azzām's jihad ideas diverge from dominant ideas held by current jihadist groups like Al-Qaeda and these could potentially be used to counter contemporary jihad ideas and practices of jihadists.
The security relationship between India and Pakistan is generally viewed through a neo-realist approach of International Relations.. Treading on a different path, this book explains the rivalry of these countries by looking at the socio-cultural norms found at two levels, elites versus popular. Furthermore, it also conceptualizes a hypothetical India-Pakistan security community that could result in peace in the region. The book describes how the rivalry between India and Pakistan is mostly centred on the elites of the two countries. It highlights the presence of a unique normative structure through social practices found at the popular level, and looks at how the common people of both India and Pakistan share many socio-cultural norms. Employing the theoretical framework of social constructivist approach of International Relations as well as the methodology of critical discourse analysis, the book discusses how an effort can be made to develop the concept of a bottom-up security community, from the popular to the elite level, and the impact this would potentially have for India and Pakistan. An interesting and valuable approach for analysing these issues of security through the socio-cultural lens, this book is of interest to academics and scholars of South Asian Politics, Security Studies and International Relations.
In Journey to the End of Islam, Michael Muhammad Knight — whose work has led to him being hailed as both the Jack Kerouac and Hunter S. Thompson of American Islam — wanders through Muslim countries, navigating between conflicting visions of his religion. Visiting holy sites in Pakistan, Syria, Egypt, and Ethiopia, Knight engages both the puritanical Islam promoted by Saudi globalization and the heretical strands of popular folk Islam: shrines, magic, music, and drugs. The conflict of “global” and “local” Islam speaks to Knight’s own experience approaching the Islamic world as a uniquely American Muslim with his own sources: the modern mythologies of the Nation of Islam and Five Percenters, as well as the arguments of Progressive Muslim thinkers for feminism and reform. Knight’s travels conclude at Islam’s spiritual center, the holy city of Mecca, where he performs the hajj required of every Muslim. During the rites of pilgrimage, he watches as all variations of Islam converge in one place, under the supervision of Saudi Arabia’s religious police. What results is a struggle to separate the spiritual from the political, Knight searching for a personal relationship to Islam in the context of how it's defined by the external world.
The teachings, style and impact of the Qur'an have always been matters of controversy, among both Muslims and non-Muslims. But in a modern context of intercultural sensitivity, what the Qur'an says and means are perhaps more urgent questions than ever before. This major new book by one of the world's finest Islamic scholars responds to that urgency. Building on his earlier groundbreaking work, the author challenges misinterpretations of particular Qur'anic verses from whatever quarter. He addresses the infamous 'sword' verse, frequently cited as a justification for jihad. He also questions the 'tribute' verse, associated with the Muslim state subjugating Jews and Christians; and the idea of Paradise in the Qur'an, often viewed by the West as emphasising merely physical pleasures, or used by Islamic fighters as their just reward for holy war. The author argues that wrenching the verses out of the context of the whole has led to dangerous ideologies being built on isolated phrases which have then assumed afterlives of their own. This nuanced, holistic reading has vital interfaith ramifications.
From the cleric-led Iranian revolution to the rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan, many people have been surprised by what they see as the modern reemergence of an antimodern phenomenon. This book helps account for the increasingly visible public role of traditionally educated Muslim religious scholars (the `ulama) across contemporary Muslim societies. Muhammad Qasim Zaman describes the transformations the centuries-old culture and tradition of the `ulama have undergone in the modern era--transformations that underlie the new religious and political activism of these scholars. In doing so, it provides a new foundation for the comparative study of Islam, politics, and religious change in the contemporary world. While focusing primarily on Pakistan, Zaman takes a broad approach that considers the Taliban and the `ulama of Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, India, and the southern Philippines. He shows how their religious and political discourses have evolved in often unexpected but mutually reinforcing ways to redefine and enlarge the roles the `ulama play in society. Their discourses are informed by a longstanding religious tradition, of which they see themselves as the custodians. But these discourses are equally shaped by--and contribute in significant ways to--contemporary debates in the Muslim public sphere. This book offers the first sustained comparative perspective on the `ulama and their increasingly crucial religious and political activism. It shows how issues of religious authority are debated in contemporary Islam, how Islamic law and tradition are continuously negotiated in a rapidly changing world, and how the `ulama both react to and shape larger Islamic social trends. Introducing previously unexamined facets of religious and political thought in modern Islam, it clarifies the complex processes of religious change unfolding in the contemporary Muslim world and goes a long way toward explaining their vast social and political ramifications.
The first book to explore the modern history of Islam in South Asia The first modern state to be founded in the name of Islam, Pakistan was the largest Muslim country in the world at the time of its establishment in 1947. Today it is the second-most populous, after Indonesia. Islam in Pakistan is the first comprehensive book to explore Islam's evolution in this region over the past century and a half, from the British colonial era to the present day. Muhammad Qasim Zaman presents a rich historical account of this major Muslim nation, insights into the rise and gradual decline of Islamic modernist thought in the South Asian region, and an understanding of how Islam has fared in the contemporary world. Much attention has been given to Pakistan's role in sustaining the Afghan struggle against the Soviet occupation in the 1980s, in the growth of the Taliban in the 1990s, and in the War on Terror after 9/11. But as Zaman shows, the nation's significance in matters relating to Islam has much deeper roots. Since the late nineteenth century, South Asia has witnessed important initiatives toward rethinking core Islamic texts and traditions in the interest of their compatibility with the imperatives of modern life. Traditionalist scholars and their institutions, too, have had a prominent presence in the region, as have Islamism and Sufism. Pakistan did not merely inherit these and other aspects of Islam. Rather, it has been and remains a site of intense contestation over Islam's public place, meaning, and interpretation. Examining how facets of Islam have been pivotal in Pakistani history, Islam in Pakistan offers sweeping perspectives on what constitutes an Islamic state.
This innovative book analyses the growth of Deobandi Islam, a religious sect whose followers include extremist groups, through the frame of a counterculture in conflict with mainstream Muslim society. Due to its relationship with the Taliban, close links to al-Qaeda, and worldwide reach through the ‘Tablighi Jamaat’ (Proselytization Group), the Deoband Madrassah Movement has come to acquire global significance. In Pakistan, Deobandi schools have increasingly been associated with the rise of an intolerant and militant strain of Islam linked with terrorist activities.
This is the first study to distinguish a possible link between trade liberalisation and regional disparities under dissimilar political regimes, such as autocracy and democracy. It uses Pakistan as a case study to draw broader lessons for other developing countries.
This study sets out to explain and understand the worldview of students at Female madrasas (FeM) in Pakistan. Beginning as an indigenous informal institute for female education at home, FeM has evolved to country-wide formal theological seminaries that award women graduate degrees in Islamic studies. Since the 1970s, state intervention and social engagement have influenced not only the structure of FeMs but their locations. Attendance is from all socio-economic strata of society. A recent development, especially in urban centers, is the teaching of the state curriculum to enable young students to access mainstream education. Public opinion is divided about the role of FeMs in society. Some believe that FeMs confine women into the domestic realm; others view FeMs as a move forward into modernity, as they educate the least educated sectors of society. The author uses the lens of language and gender to explore why such divergent views exist about FeMs. Specifically, language and vocabulary has served as a powerful factor for restricting women to their traditional roles. Madrasas have a profound effect on Pakistani society at large, as they respond to the immediate socio-political and economic needs of the community. In the last two decades many books were produced about male madrasas in Pakistan. However, one focusing on women's madrasas exclusively was needed, because currently the number of female students enrolled in madrasas is higher than the male students. This unique book is rooted in the authors experience of studying at an FeM. She entered a madrasa with a yearning to be closer to God, to know the book revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, and to learn what he said and did. A constant throughout her studies was the recognition that acquiring knowledge is one of the highest acts of righteousness according to the Prophet Muhammad.
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