In the short water supply environment of Pakistan, farmers try to minimize the gap between demand and supply of canal water extracting groundwater for irrigation purposes. However, saline groundwater upconing may occur in response to fresh groundwater withdrawals from unconfined aquifer underlain by salty groundwater. Skimming well technology can help controlling this upconing phenomenon. However, in most cases, the small discharges of such wells cannot be efficiently applied on surface irrigated croplands. Pressurized irrigation application systems use small discharge effectively, but the cost and availability of equipment in the local market is a significant constraint. Root zone salinity is also expected to increase if this skimmed groundwater is used for irrigation purposes, particularly in the absence of proper salinity management practices. To address these issues, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), and Water Resource Research Institute (WRRI) of National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Mona Reclamation Experimental Project (MREP) of Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) are collaborating to undertake an applied research under the Project, Root Zone Salinity Management Using Fractional Skimming Wells with Pressurized Irrigation.
This Inception Report provides information and progress of the activities of the project entitled, "Root Zone Salinity Management Using Fractional Skimming Wells With Pressurized Irrigation". Details of the implementation plan covering methodology, technical interventions and field research studies are included in this report.
Recognized by readers of his novel, The Taqwacores, as the godfather of American Muslim punk, Michael Muhammad Knight is a voice for the growing number of teenagers who choose neither side of the “Clash of Civilizations.” Knight has now written his personal story, a chronicle of his bizarre and traumatic boyhood and his conversion to Islam during a turbulent adolescence. Impossible Man follows a boy’s struggle in coming to terms with his father—a paranoid schizophrenic and white supremacist who had threatened to decapitate Michael when he was a baby—and his father’s place in his own identity. It is also the story of a teenager’s troubled path to maturity and the influences that steady him along the way. Knight’s encounter with Malcolm X’s autobiography transforms him from a disturbed teenager engaged in correspondence with Charles Manson to a zealous Muslim convert who travels to Pakistan and studies in a madrassa. Later disillusioned by radical religion, he again faces the crisis of self-definition. For all its extremes, Impossible Man describes a universal journey: a wounded boy in search of a working model of manhood, going to outrageous lengths to find it.
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