How does a solar cell work? How efficient can it be? Why do intricate patterns of metal lines decorate the surface of a solar module? How are the modules arranged in a solar farm? How can sunlight be stored during the day so that it can be used at night? And, how can a lifetime of more than 25 years be ensured in solar modules, despite the exposure to extreme patterns of weather? How do emerging machine-learning techniques assess the health of a solar farm? This practical book will answer all these questions and much more.Written in a conversational style and with over one-hundred homework problems, this book offers an end-to-end perspective, connecting the multi-disciplinary and multi-scale physical phenomena of electron-photon interaction at the molecular level to the design of kilometers-long solar farms. A new conceptual framework explains each concept in a simple, crystal-clear form. The novel use of thermodynamics not only determines the ultimate conversion efficiencies of the various solar cells proposed over the years, but also identifies the measurement artifacts and establishes practical limits by correlating the degradation modes. Extensive coverage of conceptual techniques already developed in other fields further inspire innovative designs of solar farms.This book will not only help you to make a solar cell, but it will help you make a solar cell better, to trace and reclaim the photons that would have been lost otherwise. Collaborations across multiple disciplines make photovoltaics real and given the concern about reducing the overall cost of solar energy, this interdisciplinary book is essential reading for anyone interested in photovoltaic technology.
How does a solar cell work? How efficient can it be? Why do intricate patterns of metal lines decorate the surface of a solar module? How are the modules arranged in a solar farm? How can sunlight be stored during the day so that it can be used at night? And, how can a lifetime of more than 25 years be ensured in solar modules, despite the exposure to extreme patterns of weather? How do emerging machine-learning techniques assess the health of a solar farm? This practical book will answer all these questions and much more.Written in a conversational style and with over one-hundred homework problems, this book offers an end-to-end perspective, connecting the multi-disciplinary and multi-scale physical phenomena of electron-photon interaction at the molecular level to the design of kilometers-long solar farms. A new conceptual framework explains each concept in a simple, crystal-clear form. The novel use of thermodynamics not only determines the ultimate conversion efficiencies of the various solar cells proposed over the years, but also identifies the measurement artifacts and establishes practical limits by correlating the degradation modes. Extensive coverage of conceptual techniques already developed in other fields further inspire innovative designs of solar farms.This book will not only help you to make a solar cell, but it will help you make a solar cell better, to trace and reclaim the photons that would have been lost otherwise. Collaborations across multiple disciplines make photovoltaics real and given the concern about reducing the overall cost of solar energy, this interdisciplinary book is essential reading for anyone interested in photovoltaic technology.
Ashraf `Ali Thanawi (1863-1943) was one of the most prominent religious scholars in Islamic history. Author of over a thousand books on different aspects of Islam, his work sought to defend the Islamic scholarly tradition and to articulate its authority in an age of momentous religious and political change. In this authoritative biography, Muhammad Qasim Zaman offers a comprehensive and highly accessible account of Thanawi’s multifaceted career and thought, whilst also providing a valuable introduction to Islam in modern South Asia.
Combining insights from the best published historical and religious studies scholarship, original research, and rich first-person perspective, this highly readable book offers a comprehensive yet concise introduction to the founder and central figure of the Islamic tradition: the prophet Muhammad. Narrating Muhammad's life story, teachings, and daily practices, and assessing how his legacy is received, interpreted, and applied around the world, Michael Muhammad Knight reveals how the prophet has become simultaneously one of the most beloved historical figures in the world and also one of the most contested, challenged, and disparaged. Knight argues that there was never a singular Muslim vision of Muhammad but rather always multiple perspectives. While Muslims defend Muhammad's legacy against Islamophobic polemics, they also challenge each other regarding the proper authorities through which Muhammad's life and message become comprehensible and applicable in our world. Thinking across time and place, Knight argues that Muhammad is always contextual and contemporary.
From the cleric-led Iranian revolution to the rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan, many people have been surprised by what they see as the modern reemergence of an antimodern phenomenon. This book helps account for the increasingly visible public role of traditionally educated Muslim religious scholars (the `ulama) across contemporary Muslim societies. Muhammad Qasim Zaman describes the transformations the centuries-old culture and tradition of the `ulama have undergone in the modern era--transformations that underlie the new religious and political activism of these scholars. In doing so, it provides a new foundation for the comparative study of Islam, politics, and religious change in the contemporary world. While focusing primarily on Pakistan, Zaman takes a broad approach that considers the Taliban and the `ulama of Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, India, and the southern Philippines. He shows how their religious and political discourses have evolved in often unexpected but mutually reinforcing ways to redefine and enlarge the roles the `ulama play in society. Their discourses are informed by a longstanding religious tradition, of which they see themselves as the custodians. But these discourses are equally shaped by--and contribute in significant ways to--contemporary debates in the Muslim public sphere. This book offers the first sustained comparative perspective on the `ulama and their increasingly crucial religious and political activism. It shows how issues of religious authority are debated in contemporary Islam, how Islamic law and tradition are continuously negotiated in a rapidly changing world, and how the `ulama both react to and shape larger Islamic social trends. Introducing previously unexamined facets of religious and political thought in modern Islam, it clarifies the complex processes of religious change unfolding in the contemporary Muslim world and goes a long way toward explaining their vast social and political ramifications.
This is the first full-length history of early Kashmir locating it beyond its regional context, from pre-history to the thirteenth century. Drawing on a variety of sources—including conventional archaeological and literary sources, as well as non-conventional sources like philology, toponym and surnames—it presents a connected history of early Kashmir over the longue duree. It challenges tendencies towards nationalist historiographies of the region by situating it in the context of the shared histories of humanity. The volume will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of history, archaeology, anthropology and South Asian studies.
In the short water supply environment of Pakistan, farmers try to minimize the gap between demand and supply of canal water extracting groundwater for irrigation purposes. However, saline groundwater upconing may occur in response to fresh groundwater withdrawals from unconfined aquifer underlain by salty groundwater. Skimming well technology can help controlling this upconing phenomenon. However, in most cases, the small discharges of such wells cannot be efficiently applied on surface irrigated croplands. Pressurized irrigation application systems use small discharge effectively, but the cost and availability of equipment in the local market is a significant constraint. Root zone salinity is also expected to increase if this skimmed groundwater is used for irrigation purposes, particularly in the absence of proper salinity management practices. To address these issues, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), and Water Resource Research Institute (WRRI) of National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Mona Reclamation Experimental Project (MREP) of Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) are collaborating to undertake an applied research under the Project, Root Zone Salinity Management Using Fractional Skimming Wells with Pressurized Irrigation.
The Muslim Heritage of Bengal is a multidimensional work. . . . I am sure this book will add to the vista of knowledge in the field of Muslim history and heritage of Bengal. I recommend this work."—A. K. M. Yaqub Ali, PhD, professor emeritus, Islamic history and culture, University of Rajshahi "Khan's book provides invaluable information which will inspire present and future generations."—M. Abdul Jabbar Beg, PhD, former professor of Islamic history and civilization, National University of Malaysia A popular history that covers eight hundred years of the history of Islam in Bengal through the example of forty-two inspirational men and women up until the twentieth century. Written by the author of the best-selling The Muslim 100. Included are the prominent figures Shah Jalal, Nawab Abdul Latif, Rt. Hon. Syed Ameer Ali, Sir Salimullah Khan Bahadur, and Begum Rokeya. Muhammad Mojlum Khan was born in 1973 in Habiganj, Bangladesh, and was educated in England. He is a teacher, author, literary critic, and research scholar, and has published more than 150 essays and articles worldwide. He is the author of The Muslim 100 (2008). He is a fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and director of the Bengal Muslim Research Institute, United Kindgom. He lives in England with his family.
Principles and Practice of Urology (Volumes I and II) was created to provide a fresh, practical and concise review of the important urological issues faced in the daily practice. An easy and simple style is used to discuss the different urological diseases. This comprehensive and compact presentation serves the undergraduate and postgraduate medical student as a text book while providing a rapid review of the subject with reference work for the experienced professional, including General Surgeons, gynecologists, oncologist, neurologists, neurosurgeons, pediatric surgeons, spinal surgeons, nephrologists and physicians. The first chapter of the book describes the scholars of urology in the past few centuries and introduces their innovative works. This is followed by 16 different sections containing about 108 urological topics described in the simplest possible way. This book is clearly illustrated with plenty of original clinical photographs and about 500 line diagrams to explain the text. Flow charts are included at the end of the major chapters to outline the practical management of the clinical problems. In two volumes, this book is ideal for rapid reference, providing instant help in the out patient, in the ward, or in any setting with patients suffering from urological problems. Volume-I covers basic science and clinical urology including chapters on: Section 1: Evolution of Urological Techniques Section 2: Clinical Observation Section 3: Investigations of Urological Disease Section 4: Pediatric Urology Section 5: General Urology Section 6: Emergency Urology Section 7: Genitourinary Infection Section 8: Genitourinary Obstruction Section 9: Female Urology Section 10: Neuro-urology Volume-II covers clinical and practical urology including chapters on: Section 11: Reconstructive Urology Section 12: Uro-oncology Section 13: Uro-lithiasis Section 14: Reproductive urology Section 15: Practical urology Section 16: Renal transplant
The martyrdom of Imam Husayn (a) sent shockwaves through the early Muslim community. Today, this tragedy is still remembered, studied, and commemorated. However, in recent years, there have been increasing questions over the reliability of the historical accounts of his martyrdom. What material is reliable, and what sources can be used when presenting the narrative of his martyrdom to others? The Chronicles of the Martyrdom of Imam Husayn was compiled to fill the need for a strongly reliable source on Imam Husayn’s (a) final days. Meticulously researched, it contains narrations about the Imam’s last stand that are found only in the earliest extant sources. Hand-selected for their reliability, they have been arranged and translated into fluid, precise English. No detail of the narrative of the martyrdom of Imam Husayn (a) has been left out, from his fateful journey towards Iraq, to the journey of the captives afterwards and the events surrounding Arba‘in. The Chronicles also includes narrations on related topics of interest, such as the custom of mourning the martyrdom of Imam Husayn (a) and fasting on the day of Ashura. Ample preliminary matter written by recognised Islamic scholars addresses the question of the reliability of early and medieval sources, the nature of the oral versus the written tradition, and the challenges faced in the modern era in presenting a reliable account of Imam Husayn’s (a) martyrdom. The Arabic text of the narrations has been included throughout, and the work is rounded out with five detailed maps of the Imam’s journey. This work is certain to find a special place in the personal library of historians, students and scholars of Islam, those speaking from the pulpit, and anyone with an interest in Imam Husayn ibn ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib (a). Compiled by Muhammad Muhammadi Rayshahri Translated by Abbas Jaffer
Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the economy and development of Pakistan providing food to consumers, raw materials to industries, and a market for industrial goods. Unfortunately, agricultural production is stagnant due to several barriers including a fixed cropping pattern, reliance on a few major crops, a narrow genetic pool, poor seed quality, and a changing climate. In addition, the high cost of production, weak phytosanitary compliance mechanisms, and a lack of cold chain facilities makes Pakistan agriculturally uncompetitive in export markets. Despite all these issues, agriculture is the primary industry in Pakistan and small farmers continue to dominate the business. Small farmers grow crops for subsistence under a fixed cropping pattern and a holistic approach is required to develop agriculture to improve the livelihoods of the rural populace. This book presents an exhaustive look at agriculture in Pakistan. Chapters provide critical analyses of present trends, inadequacies in agriculture, strategic planning, improvement programs and policies while keeping in view the natural resources, plant- and animal-related agricultural production technologies, input supplies, population planning, migration and poverty, and balanced policies on finance, credit, marketing, and trade.
This is the 2nd edition of volume 2 of the ten volumes of The Meaning And Explanation Of The Glorious Qur'an. The first edition of this book contained many formatting and typing errors. In this new edition, we have corrected all the errors found in the first edition. We have also re-arranged the structure of the book and added the full Arabic Text of the thirty Parts of the Qur'an. The reader is now able to read not only the meaning, the transliteration and the tafsir (explanation) of the Glorious Qur'an but also the full Arabic text as well. Our mission is to gather in one place, for the English-speaking public, all relevant information needed to make the Qur'an more understandable and easier to study. This book tries to do this by providing the following: 1. The Arabic Text for those who are able to read Arabic 2. Transliteration of the Arabic text for those who are unable to read the Arabic script. This will give them a sample of the sound of the Qur'an, which they could not otherwise comprehend from reading the English meaning. 3. The meaning of the qur'an (translated by Dr. Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilali, Ph.D. and Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan) 4. Background introductions by two famous Islamic scholars, Maududi and Ibn Kathir 5. Explanation (abridged Tafsir) by Ibn Kathir (translated by Safi-ur-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri) We hope that by doing this an ordinary English-speaker will be able to pick up a copy of this book and study and comprehend The Glorious Qur'an in a way that is acceptable to the understanding of the Rightly-guided Muslim Ummah (Community).
The Memoirs of a Life Insurance Icon: Khuda Buksh illustrates the life of a legendary Insurance Specialist who chose to serve humanity by sparking an insurance awareness movement in three countries (India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh). Between 1930 and 1970, Khuda Buksh worked tirelessly to establish the insurance business in the region, overcoming engrained religious and cultural prejudices against life insurance amid enormous political upheaval. His passion, devotion, and unique sales strategies led him to train, motivate, and manage thousands of salesmen during his long career. He earned a reputation as the countrys most magnetic and dynamic sales executive and wizard of life insurance. He played a role as an educator to the vast number of field force who placed faith in his leadership and took insurance as career. His leadership strategies helped life insurance to flourish and to penetrate nearly every portion of society. Compiled more than 35 years after Khuda Bukshs death, this book uses interviews with dozens of contemporaries and family members who reminiscence Khuda Bukshs personality and role in promoting life insurance in Bangladesh and Pakistan. He is one figure among Bengali Muslims who popularized life insurance among the people. His name itself is an institution and in his own lifetime he became a legendary figure. . . Dacca Rotary News He was an outstanding salesman who even in his dreams would only be able to think of life insurance; he was totally obsessed by it. A typical Bengali, small body, but with a big heart for everyone. . . he rose to the occasion and became a very big name in the field of life insurance. . . Wolfram W. Karnowski I still think if we measure with a balance between life insurance and Khuda Bukshit will be extremely difficult to measure, which one is heavier. A wizard with a legendary stature in insurance . . . -S. R. Khan Mr. Khuda Buksh would be very personally involved in the welfare and the personal interest of each field worker . . . As far as the life insurance industry in Pakistan is concerned, especially in the 50s and 60s, Khuda Bukshs role was undoubtedly the greatest. . . Joseph M. Pereira He used to say: think of insurance, dream of insurance, sleep of insurance. Devote your time to insurance . . . He was an unbeatable legend of insurance. . . Sharafat Ali Qureshi He was a very good leader, and this was apparent from the fact that he could train not one, but hundreds, and thousands of people. All his subordinates were just like his children . . . M. A. Chishti I used to hear about the great reputation of this giant personality of the life insurance arena. When I came to know him from close, I had no problem realizing the appropriateness of the title father of insurance by which he was known in this part of the world. . . -M. Faizur Razzaque
Solving Problems with NMR Spectroscopy presents the basic principles and applications of NMR spectroscopy with only as much math as is necessary. It shows how to solve chemical structures with NMR by giving clear examples and solutions. This text will enable organic chemistry students to choose the most appropriate NMR techniques to solve specific structures. The problems to work and the discussion of their solutions and interpretations will help readers becomeproficient in the application of important, modern 1D and 2D NMR techniques to structural studies. Key Features* Presents the most important NMR techniques for structural determinations* Offers a unique problem-solving approach* Uses questions and problems, including discussions of their solutions and interpretations, to help readers grasp NMR* Avoids extensive mathematical formulas* Forewords by Nobel Prize winner Richard R. Ernst and Lloyd M. Jackman
The Sir?j al-taw?r?kh is the most important history of Afghanistan ever written. This pinnacle of the rich Afghan historiographic tradition is available in English translation, annotated, fully indexed, including an introduction, eight appendices, Persian-English and English-Persian glossaries, and bibliography.
This book is the only work of its kind devoted exclusively to the institutional framework of Palestinian politics from 1856 until December 1920, when the third Palestinian Arab Congress was held in Haifa to decide the future of Palestine. Muslih's book is also the first to present in detail the ideologies of Ottomanism and Arab nationalism and the ways in which they relate to Palestine. In the groundbreaking analysis that considers the entire context of Arab politics, Muhammad Muslih articulates a new interpretation for the emergence of Palestinian nationalism, and one which will forster a better understanding of centuries-old attachment of the Arab Palestinians to their land and their struggle for its independence.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.