Mohan Rakesh was a towering figure in Hindi fiction and drama. More than a decade in the making, and put together in collaboration with the author, this volume makes a broad range of his work available to English readers. The stories here range from humorous, satirical studies of human foibles, to profound, painful commentaries on the complexities of the human condition. A translation of Adhe Adhure, the play that thrust Indian drama into modernity and one of the finest ever written in Hindi, is included as well. Rounding out the book, as part of the 'P.S. Section', are a self-portrait and interview - rare, first-person statements by the author, and among the most important critical sources for his work.This is an essential volume for anyone interested in the changing landscape of post-Independence Hindi literature.
In 1952, at the age of twenty-seven, Mohan Rakesh undertook a journey to south India, travelling by bus, train and steamer along the western coast from Bombay to Kanyakumari. Young and ardent, he dreamt of the wide expanse of sea that would make up for a childhood spent in Amritsar's narrow lanes, and had visions of comely guides who would look kindly upon his wandering. But once he set out from Delhi on a train to Bombay, his visions slipped away and complex reality took over. To the Farthest Rock is a remarkable account of the hope and despair that characterized post-Independence India. Rakesh had only published a few short stories when he quit a teaching job in Shimla in order to travel, but readers who know his later work will recognize his skill with portraits of people and his exceptional ability to render fluctuations of feeling. Set against the verdant coastal landscape of Goa and Kerala, this absorbing travelogue is a fine introduction to the mind of one of Hindi's greatest novelists and playwrights.
हिन्दी कहानी को कथा और शैली दोनों ही दृष्टियों से नई दिशा देनेवाले लेखकों में मोहन राकेश का अग्रणी स्थान है। उन्होंने कम ही लिखा परन्तु उनकी अनेक कहानियाँ साहित्य की अमर निधि बन गईं। प्रस्तुत संकलन में उनकी अपने ही द्वारा चुनी हुई कहानियाँ हैं। नये दौर की मेरी अधिकांश कहानियां सम्बन्धों की यंत्रणा को अपने अकेलेपन मेंझेलते लोगों की कहानियां हैं जिनमें हर इकाई के माध्यम से उसके परिवेश को अंकित करने का प्रयत्न है यह अकेलापन समाज से कटकर व्यक्ति का अकेलापन नहीं समाज के बीच होने का अकेलापन है और उसकी परिणति भी किसी तरह के सिनिसिज़्म में नहीं, झेलने की निष्ठा में है व्यक्ति और समाज को परस्पर-विरोधी एक दूसरे से भिन्न और आपस में कटी हुई इकाइयां न मानकर यहां उन्हें एक ऐसी अभिन्नता में देखने का प्रयत्न है जहां व्यक्ति समाज की विडम्बनाओं का और समाज व्यक्ति की यन्त्रणाओं का आईना है
‘आधे-अधूरे’ आज के जीवन के एक गहन अनुभव–खंड को मूर्त करता है। इसके लिए हिन्दी के जीवन्त मुहावरे को पकड़ने की सार्थक, प्रभावशाली कोशिश की गई है। ...इस नाटक की एक अत्यंत महत्त्वपूर्ण विशेषता इसकी भाषा है। इसमें वह सामर्थ्य है जो समकालीन जीवन के तनाव को पकड़ सके। शब्दों का चयन, उनका क्रम, उनका संयोजन—सबकुछ ऐसा है जो बहुत सम्पूर्णता से अभिप्रेत को अभिव्यक्त करता है। लिखित शब्द की यही शक्ति और उच्चारित ध्वनि–समूह का यही बल है, जिसके कारण यह नाट्य–रचना बन्द और खुले, दोनों प्रकार के मंचों पर अपना सम्मोहन बनाए रख सकी। ...यह नाट्यलेख, एक स्तर पर स्त्री–पुरुष के बीच के लगाव और तनाव का दस्तावेज़ है...दूसरे स्तर पर पारिवारिक विघटन की गाथा है। एक अन्य स्तर पर यह नाट्य–रचना मानवीय संतोष के अधूरेपन का रेखांकन है। जो लोग ज़िन्दगी से बहुत कुछ चाहते हैं, उनकी तृप्ति अधूरी ही रहती है। एक ही अभिनेता द्वारा पाँच पृथक् भूमिकाएँ निभाए जाने की दिलचस्प रंगयुक्ति का सहारा इस नाटक की एक और विशेषता है। संक्षेप में कहें तो ‘आधे–अधूरे’ समकालीन ज़िन्दगी का पहला सार्थक हिन्दी नाटक है। इसका गठन सुदृढ़ एवं रंगोपयुक्त है। पूरे नाटक की अवधारणा के पीछे सूक्ष्म रंगचेतना निहित है।
वर्तमान भारतीय समाज का अभिजात नागर मन दो हिस्सों में विभाजित है—एक में है पश्चिमी आधुनिकतावाद और दूसरे में वंशानुगत संस्कारवाद। इससे इस वर्ग के भीतर का द्वन्द्व पैदा होता है, उससे पूर्णता के बीच रिक्तता, स्वच्छन्दता के बीच अवरोध और प्रकाश के बीच अन्धकार आ खड़ा होता है। परिणामतः व्यक्ति ऊबने लगता है, भीतर ही भीतर क्रोध, ईर्ष्या और सन्देह जकड़ लेते हैं उसे, अपने ही लिए अजनबी हो उठता है वह, और तब इसे हम हरबंस की शक्ल में पहचानते हैं—हरबंस इस उपन्यास का केन्द्रीय पात्र, जो दाम्पत्य सम्बन्धों की सहज रागात्मकता, ऊष्मा और अर्थवत्ता की तलाश में भटक रहा है। हरबंस और नीलिमा के माध्यम से पारस्परिक ईमानदारी, भावनात्मक लगाव और मानसिक समदृष्टि से रिक्त दाम्पत्य जीवन का यहाँ प्रभावशाली चित्रण हुआ है। अपनी पहचान के लिए पहचानहीन होते जा रहे भारतीय अभिजातवर्ग की भौतिक, बौद्धिक और सांस्कृतिक महत्त्वाकांक्षाओं के अँधेरे बन्द कमरों को खोलनेवाला यह उपन्यास हिन्दी की विशिष्टतम कथाकृतियों में गण्य है
This collection provides an overview of India's growth experience from Independence to the recent global financial crisis from the perspective of financial economics. With a focus on growth drivers and financial stability, the volume analyses both macroeconomic and microeconomic policy reforms and suggests strategies for the future.
A Series Which Introduces And Explains To The Child The Working And The Mechanics Of Things He Is Familiar With, While Also Tracing Their History. Scientific Principles Are Explained With Simple Diagrams And Supplemented By Anecdotes And Cartoons.
In a remote village in the foothills of the Himalayas, a gifted but unknown poet named Kalidas nurtures an unconventional romance with his youthful muse, Mallika. When the royal palace at Ujjayini offers him the position of court poet, Kalidas hesitates, but Mallika persuades him to leave for the distant city so that his talent may find recognition. Convinced that he will send for her, she waits. He returns years later, a broken man trying to reconnect with his past, only to discover that time has passed him by. // A classic of postcolonial theatre, Mohan Rakesh’s Hindi play is both an unforgettable love story and a modernist reimagining of the life of India’s greatest classical poet. It comes alive again in Aparna and Vinay Dharwadker’s new English translation, authorized by the author’s estate. This literary rendering is designed for performance on the contemporary cosmopolitan stage, and it is enriched by extensive commentary on the play’s contexts, legacy, themes and dramaturgy.
Examining five key urban sectors of Bogata, Columbia --housing, transport, employment location, labor markets, and public finance--this book provides a well-written and concise summary of one of the largest research projects undertaken on a major city in a developing country.
In this book, the RCS of a parallel-fed linear and planar dipole array is derived using an approximate method. The signal propagation within the phased array system determines the radar cross section (RCS) of phased array. The reflection and transmission coefficients for a signal at different levels of the phased-in scattering array system depend on the impedance mismatch and the design parameters. Moreover the mutual coupling effect in between the antenna elements is an important factor. A phased array system comprises of radiating elements followed by phase shifters, couplers, and terminating load impedance. These components lead to respective impedances towards the incoming signal that travels through them before reaching receive port of the array system. In this book, the RCS is approximated in terms of array factor, neglecting the phase terms. The mutual coupling effect is taken into account. The dependence of the RCS pattern on the design parameters is analyzed. The approximate model is established as an efficient method for RCS estimation of phased arrays. This book presents a detailed formulation of approximate method to determine RCS of phased arrays, which is explained using schematics and illustrations. This book should help the reader understand the impinging signal path and its reflections/transmissions within the phased array system.
This book presents a simple and systematic description of EM design of antenna arrays. Printed dipole antennas are known to be simple yet more efficient than wire antennas. The dielectric substrate and the presence of ground plane affect the antenna performance and the resonant frequency is shifted. This book includes the EM design and performance analysis of printed dipole arrays on planar and cylindrical substrates. The antenna element is taken as half-wave centre-fed dipole. The substrate is taken as low-loss dielectric. The effect of substrate material, ground plane, and the curvature effect is discussed. Results are presented for both the linear and planar dipole arrays. The performance of dipole array is analyzed in terms of input impedance, return loss, and radiation pattern for different configurations. The effect of curved platform (substrate and ground plane) on the radiation behaviour of dipole array is analyzed. The book explains fundamentals of EM design and analysis of dipole antenna array through numerous illustrations. It is essentially a step-to-step guide for beginners in the field of antenna array design and engineering.
This book focuses on determination of scattering of parallel-fed planar dipole arrays in terms of reflection and transmission coefficients at different levels of the array system. In aerospace vehicles, the phased arrays are often in planar configuration. The radar cross section (RCS) of the vehicle is mainly due to its structure and the antennas mounted over it. There can be situation when the signatures due to antennas dominate over the structural RCS of the platform. This necessitates the study towards the reduction and control of antenna/ array RCS. The planar dipole array is considered as a stacked linear dipole array. A systematic, step-by-step approach is used to determine the RCS pattern including the finite dimensions of dipole antenna elements. The mutual impedance between the dipole elements for planar configuration is determined. The scattering till second-level of couplers in parallel feed network is taken into account. The phase shifters are modelled as delay line. All the couplers in the feed network are assumed to be four port devices. It is shown that the array RCS can be reduced considerably for a low observable platform by an optimization of array design parameters even in the presence of mutual coupling. This book presents a systematic step-by-step analytical formulation for RCS of planar half-wavelength centre-fed dipole arrays through various schematics and illustrations. The analytical description and analysis provided in this book should be useful for students, researchers, and design engineers of phased arrays.
This book presents a detailed and systematic analytical treatment of scattering by an arbitrary dipole array configuration with unequal-length dipoles, different inter-element spacing and load impedance. It provides a physical interpretation of the scattering phenomena within the phased array system. The antenna radar cross section (RCS) depends on the field scattered by the antenna towards the receiver. It has two components, viz. structural RCS and antenna mode RCS. The latter component dominates the former, especially if the antenna is mounted on a low observable platform. The reduction in the scattering due to the presence of antennas on the surface is one of the concerns towards stealth technology. In order to achieve this objective, a detailed and accurate analysis of antenna mode scattering is required. In practical phased array, one cannot ignore the finite dimensions of antenna elements, coupling effect and the role of feed network while estimating the antenna RCS. This book presents the RCS estimation of an array with unequal-length dipoles. The signal reflections within the antenna system and the mutual coupling effect are considered to arrive at the total RCS for series and parallel feed. The computations are valid for any arbitrary array configurations, including side-by-side arrangement, parallel-in-echelon, etc.
This book presents a comprehensive review of plasma-based stealth, covering the basics, methods, parametric analysis, and challenges towards the realization of the idea. The concealment of aircraft from radar sources, or stealth, is achieved through shaping, radar absorbing coatings, engineered materials, or plasma, etc. Plasma-based stealth is a radar cross section (RCS) reduction technique associated with the reflection and absorption of incident electromagnetic (EM) waves by the plasma layer surrounding the structure. A plasma cloud covering the aircraft may give rise to other signatures such as thermal, acoustic, infrared, or visual. Thus it is a matter of concern that the RCS reduction by plasma enhances its detectability due to other signatures. This needs a careful approach towards the plasma generation and its EM wave interaction. The book starts with the basics of EM wave interactions with plasma, briefly discuss the methods used to analyze the propagation characteristics of plasma, and its generation. It presents the parametric analysis of propagation behaviour of plasma, and the challenges in the implementation of plasma-based stealth technology. This review serves as a starting point for the graduate and research students, scientists and engineers working in the area of low-observables and stealth technology.
India’s real GDP growth slipped substantially after the North Atlantic financial crisis. Return to a sustained high growth trajectory is feasible but it will need much more focused attention to the revival of manufacturing and to the acceleration of investment in transport and infrastructure. The immediate priority is to achieve the kind of fiscal quality and low inflation levels exhibited during 2003-08, with focused attention to increasing efficiency and compliance in tax revenue collection. Higher tax revenues can facilitate increases in public investment, which then crowd in private investment. The task ahead will be more difficult in view of the protracted slowdown in global growth and trade.
In this book, a modified improved LMS algorithm is employed for weight adaptation of dipole array for the generation of beam pattern in multiple signal environments. In phased arrays, the generation of adapted pattern according to the signal scenario requires an efficient adaptive algorithm. The antenna array is expected to maintain sufficient gain towards each of the desired source while at the same time suppress the probing sources. This cancels the signal transmission towards each of the hostile probing sources leading to active cancellation. In the book, the performance of dipole phased array is demonstrated in terms of fast convergence, output noise power and output signal-to-interference-and noise ratio. The mutual coupling effect and role of edge elements are taken into account. It is established that dipole array along with an efficient algorithm is able to maintain multilobe beamforming with accurate and deep nulls towards each probing source. This work has application to the active radar cross section (RCS) reduction. This book consists of formulation, algorithm description and result discussion on active cancellation of hostile probing sources in phased antenna array. It includes numerous illustrations demonstrating the theme of the book for different signal environments and array configurations. The concepts in this book are discussed in an easy-to-understand manner, making it suitable even for the beginners in the field of phased arrays and adaptive array processing.
This book describes a metamaterial-based active absorber for potential biomedical engineering applications. Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is an important tool for imaging in the field of biomedical engineering, due to the non-invasive, non-ionizing nature of terahertz radiation coupled with its propagation characteristics in water, which allows the operator to obtain high-contrast images of skin cancers, burns, etc. without detrimental effects. In order to tap this huge potential, it is important to build highly efficient biomedical imaging systems by introducing terahertz absorbers into biomedical detectors. The biggest challenge faced in the fulfilment of this objective is the lack of naturally occurring dielectrics, which is overcome with the use of artificially engineered resonant materials, viz. metamaterials. This book describes such a metamaterial-based active absorber. The design has been optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO), eventually resulting in an ultra-thin active terahertz absorber. The absorber shows near unity absorption for a tuning range of terahertz (THz) application.
This book describes the ray tracing effects inside different quadric surfaces. Analytical surface modeling is a priori requirement for electromagnetic (EM) analysis over aerospace platforms. Although numerically-specified surfaces and even non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) can be used for modeling such surfaces, for most practical EM applications, it is sufficient to model them as quadric surface patches and the hybrids thereof. It is therefore apparent that a vast majority of aerospace bodies can be conveniently modeled as combinations of simpler quadric surfaces, i.e. hybrid of quadric cylinders and quadric surfaces of revolutions. Hence the analysis of geometric ray tracing inside is prerequisite to analyzing the RF build-up. This book, describes the ray tracing effects inside different quadric surfaces such as right circular cylinder, general paraboloid of revolution (GPOR), GPOR frustum of different shaping parameters and the corresponding visualization of the ray-path details. Finally ray tracing inside a typical space module, which is a hybrid of a finite segment of right circular cylinder and a frustum of GPOR is analyzed for practical aerospace applications.
This book presents the detailed analytical formulation for the RCS of parallel-fed linear dipole array in the presence of mutual coupling. The radar cross section (RCS) of an object represents its electromagnetic (EM) scattering properties for a given incident wave. The analysis of scattered field is critical in military and defence arenas, especially while designing low-observable platforms. It is well-known that the presence of an antenna/array on the target influences its echo area significantly. The primary cause for such scattering of the incident signals is reflection that occurs within the antenna aperture and its feed network. In this book, the RCS estimation is done based on the signal path within the antenna system. The scattered field is expressed in terms of array design parameters including the reflection and transmission coefficients. The computed results show the variation in the RCS pattern with and without mutual coupling. The effect of finite dipole-length, inter-element spacing, scan angle, array configuration, amplitude distribution and terminating load impedance on the RCS pattern is studied. It is shown that the array RCS can be controlled by choosing optimum design parameters, including terminating impedance and geometric configuration. This book explains each step of the RCS estimation and analysis of dipole array with detailed schematics, tables and illustrations. Moreover, it includes parametric analysis of RCS estimation and control. This book provides an insight into the phenomenon of scattering within the phased array system.
This book discusses the active and passive radar cross section (RCS) estimation and techniques to examine the low observable aerospace platforms. It begins with the fundamentals of RCS, followed by the dielectric, magnetic and metamaterials parameters of the constituent materials and then explains various methods and the emerging trends followed in this area of study. The RCS estimation of phased array including the mutual coupling effect is also presented in detail in the book. The active RCS reduction is carefully touched upon through the performance of phased arrays, sidelobe cancellers and mitigation of multipath effect. Providing information on various adaptive algorithms like least mean square (LMS), recursive least square (RLS) and weighted least square algorithms, the authors also mention the recent developments in the area of embedded antennas, conformal load bearing antenna, metamaterials and frequency selective surface (FSS) based RCS reduction.
This book explores the terahertz antenna technology towards implementation of compact, consistent and cheap terahertz sources, as well as the high sensitivity terahertz detectors. The terahertz EM band provides a transition between the electronic and the photonic regions thus adopting important characteristics from these regimes. These characteristics, along with the progress in semiconductor technology, have enabled researchers to exploit hitherto unexplored domains including satellite communication, bio-medical imaging, and security systems. The advances in new materials and nanostructures such as graphene will be helpful in miniaturization of antenna technology while simultaneously maintaining the desired output levels. Terahertz antenna characterization of bandwidth, impedance, polarization, etc. has not yet been methodically structured and it continues to be a major research challenge. This book addresses these issues besides including the advances of terahertz technology in space applications worldwide, along with possibilities of using this technology in deep space networks.
The unconventional monetary policies (UMPs) pursued by the advanced economies (AEs) have posed macroeconomic challenges for the emerging market economies (EMEs) through volatile capital flows and exchange rates. AE central banks need to acknowledge and appreciate the spillovers resulting from such UMPs. Central banks of the AEs, who have set up standing mutual swap facilities, should explore similar arrangements with other significant EMEs with appropriate risk mitigation measures. These initiatives could do much to actually curb volatility in global financial markets and hence in capital flows to EMEs, thus obviating the need for defensive policy actions on the part of EMEs.
The macroeconomic policy response in India after the North Atlantic financial crisis (NAFC) was rapid. The overshooting of the stimulus and its gradual withdrawal sowed seeds for inflationary and BoP pressures and growth slowdown, then exacerbated by domestic policy bottlenecks and volatility in international financial markets during mid-2013. Appropriate domestic oil prices and fiscal consolidation will contribute to the recovery of private sector investment. Fiscal consolidation would also facilitate a reduction in inflation, which would moderate gold imports and favorably impact real exchange rate and current account deficit.
The North Atlantic financial crisis of 2008-2009 has spurred renewed interest in reforming the international monetary system, which has been malfunctioning in many aspects. Large and volatile capital flows have promoted greater volatility in financial markets, leading to recurrent financial crises. The renewed focus on the broader role of the central banks, away from narrow price stability monetary policy frameworks, is necessary to ensure domestic macroeconomic and financial stability. Since international monetary cooperation might be difficult, though desirable, central banks in major advanced economies, going forward, need to internalize the implications of their monetary policies for the rest of the global economy to reduce the incidence of financial crises.
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