This summary provides an overview of guidance provided to Lebanon’s Ministry of Finance, its VAT and Revenue Directorates, and the Lebanese Customs Administration. Building on prior IMF advice, it conveys an urgent need for intervention to address loss of staff and a risk of failure with key IT operations in the respective agencies. Separately, the accompanying technical assistance report provides confirmation of broader reform and capacity development priorities for the next 36 months.
Two major events occurred in the early centuries of Islam that determined its historical and spiritual development in the centuries that followed: the formation of the sacred scriptures, namely the Qur'an and the Hadith, and the chronic violence that surrounded the succession of the Prophet, manifesting in repression, revolution, massacre, and civil war. This is the first book to evaluate the writing of Islam's major scriptural sources within the context of these bloody, brutal conflicts. Conducting a philological and historical study of little-known though significant ancient texts, Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi rebuilds a Shi'ite understanding of Islam's early history and the genesis of its holy scriptures. At the same time, he proposes a fresh interpretative framework and a new data set for theorizing the early history of Islam, isolating the contradictions between Shi'ite and Sunni sources and their contribution to the tensions that rile these groups today.
A groundbreaking account of how prolonged grassroots mobilization lays the foundations for durable democratization When protests swept through the Middle East at the height of the Arab Spring, the world appeared to be on the verge of a wave of democratization. Yet with the failure of many of these uprisings, it has become clearer than ever that the path to democracy is strewn with obstacles. Mohammad Ali Kadivar examines the conditions leading to the success or failure of democratization, shedding vital new light on how prodemocracy mobilization affects the fate of new democracies. Drawing on a wealth of new evidence, Kadivar shows how the longest episodes of prodemocracy protest give rise to the most durable new democracies. He analyzes more than one hundred democratic transitions in eighty countries between 1950 and 2010, showing how more robust democracies emerge from lengthier periods of unarmed mobilization. Kadivar then analyzes five case studies—South Africa, Poland, Pakistan, Egypt, and Tunisia—to investigate the underlying mechanisms. He finds that organization building during the years of struggle develops the leadership needed for lasting democratization and strengthens civil society after dictatorship. Popular Politics and the Path to Durable Democracy challenges the prevailing wisdom in American foreign policy that democratization can be achieved through military or coercive interventions, revealing how lasting change arises from sustained, nonviolent grassroots mobilization.
The present book sets out to be a source of enlightenment to one of the fundamental principles of Islam called Zakat. It addresses everyone interested in Islamic studies and Sufism as well as readers who are bewildered with the reality behind intellectual doctrines often misinterpreted and veiled in modern times. This translation of the Urdu text ‘Haqeeqat-e-Zakat’, is part of the series devoted to the principle aspects of Islam with their universal reality unveiled for the first time by author and Shaikh, Sultan-ul-Ashiqeen Hazrat Sakhi Sultan Mohammad Najib-ur-Rehman. It is the most prudent and impeccable contribution in the world particularly Muslim world where the problem lies in the perception and application of ‘spending in the way of Allah’ which is very general and whose solution is uncovering the outer layers of ‘Zakat’ to explore its spiritual reality which is avidly sought but rarely found. ‘The spiritual reality of Zakat’ is that spending in the way of Allah is not limited to Zakat of Shariah but advances forward and extends beyond the laws of obligation where free will, dignity and love play their part making it the Zakat of Dignity. The book is an indirect emphasis on the fact that Islam and Sufism embrace each other. Where Shariah is the refined version of the basic concepts of Islam, Sufism is its entire cosmos, untold truth and the soul itself. Paradoxical to today’s norm of projecting a particular spiritual order, the book addresses Sufism as a whole within the expression of Islam. For online reading please visit https://sultan-ul-faqr-publications.com/ Contact # +923224722766 #sultanbahoo #sultanularifeen #sultanulashiqeen #imamhusainandyazid #sufismthesoulofislam #propheticwayofpurgationofinnerself #themohammadanreality #thespiritualrealityofsalat #thespiritualrealityoffast #thespiritualrealityofzakat #thespiritualrealityofhajj #thespiritualguidesofsarwariqadriorder #sultanulfaqr #fakir #faqr #theperfectspiritualguide #thedivinerealityofismeallahzaat #purificationofinnerselfinsufism #sultanulashiqeenbooks #sultanmohammadnajiburrehman #shamsulfuqara #shamsularifeen #risalaroohisharif #qurbedeedar #nurulhuda #kaleedultauheed #ameerulkaunain
This book, first published in 1982, attempts to explain how and why Iraqi military intervened in the affairs of state between 1936 and 1941. The intention is not to describe the various coups of this period, but to explain the gradual assumption of a political role by the Iraqi army and the contributing factors at play, for example the fragmented nature of Iraqi society and the presence of the British. In addition, an understanding of the political role of the Iraqi army requires a thorough investigation of the development of the Iraqi state itself.
This bibliography, first published in 1979, is a guide to serials and periodicals in Arabic, English, French and other European languages published in the Arab countries or in the Western hemisphere. Arab serials and periodicals are considered primary sources of information on subject matters related to the Arab world. Lack of comprehensive bibliographies of Arab serials in the English language has hindered the work of librarians and Middle East specialists who need to identify a large number of such publications published in and about the Arab world. This bibliography is a research tool designed specifically to fill that gap.
This volume provides an in-depth analysis of abnormal pelvic anatomy in various forms of anorectal anomalies, often with multiple associations. The anatomy of the pelvis is one of the most complex in the body, and anatomists have provided detailed descriptions of normal anatomy based on cadaver dissections. However, congenital abnormalities present a spectrum of deviations from normal, which can be difficult to perceive with surgical practice alone. The advent of cross-sectional imaging has fortunately provided a powerful tool, allowing clinicians to study these anomalies in depth and on multiple planes. This volume will be an essential tool to better understand this spectrum of alterations in a critical region of the body, thus helping pediatric surgeons make the correct planning for a solid reconstruction of the abnormality.
This book seeks to present a comprehensive overview of the Palestine issue, its historical background, as well as its modern and contemporary developments. The book, in a documented, methodical, and concise style, and in plain language, delves into the history of Palestine from its early history throughout the Islamic era, and the background of the emergence of the Zionist movement, as well as the British occupation of Palestine and the founding of Israel. The book analyzes the various phases of the Palestine issue and its developments, shedding light on the struggle of the Palestinian people, their uprisings and revolutions, and the role of the Palestine Liberation Organization and its factions, as well as the role of the Palestinian Islamic movements. The book places particular emphasis on the first two decades of the twenty-first century, so that the reader would be able to obtain a clear picture about many of the issues related to the contemporary aspects of the Palestinian question. The revised and updated edition of the book covers the period up to the year 2021, and contains a large collection of pictures and maps to illustrate its points. The book is an important source for readers seeking to acquaint themselves with the Palestine issue, and to become informed of the pertinent facts in a balanced manner. It can also serve as an introduction to further studies of the Palestine issue.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.