Ranking queries are widely used in data exploration, data analysis and decision making scenarios. While most of the currently proposed ranking techniques focus on deterministic data, several emerging applications involve data that are imprecise or uncertain. Ranking uncertain data raises new challenges in query semantics and processing, making conventional methods inapplicable. Furthermore, the interplay between ranking and uncertainty models introduces new dimensions for ordering query results that do not exist in the traditional settings. This lecture describes new formulations and processing techniques for ranking queries on uncertain data. The formulations are based on marriage of traditional ranking semantics with possible worlds semantics under widely-adopted uncertainty models. In particular, we focus on discussing the impact of tuple-level and attribute-level uncertainty on the semantics and processing techniques of ranking queries. Under the tuple-level uncertainty model, we describe new processing techniques leveraging the capabilities of relational database systems to recognize and handle data uncertainty in score-based ranking. Under the attribute-level uncertainty model, we describe new probabilistic ranking models and a set of query evaluation algorithms, including sampling-based techniques. We also discuss supporting rank join queries on uncertain data, and we show how to extend current rank join methods to handle uncertainty in scoring attributes. Table of Contents: Introduction / Uncertainty Models / Query Semantics / Methodologies / Uncertain Rank Join / Conclusion
Between the military takeover of 1952 and the collapse of the Mubarak regime in 2011, the political system of Egypt depended upon a variety of mechanisms and structures to establish and consolidate its powerbase. Among those, an intricate web of what could be described as ‘patronage politics’ emerged as one of the main foundations of these tools. Throughout the post-1952 era, political patrons and respective clients were influential in Egyptian politics, shaping the policies implemented by Egypt's rulers, as well as the tactics orchestrated by the wider population. On a macro level Patronage Politics in Egypt examines the activities of the NDP (ruling party from 1978-2011) and its opposition, the Muslim Brotherhood. On a micro level, the book uses the area of Misr Al Qadima as a case study to examine the factors that ensured the durability of patronage networks within the Egyptian polity. By examining how the local links into macro-level politics, this book portrays the socio-economic and political contexts that set the stage for the January 25 Revolution. This topical study will be an invaluable resource for students, scholars and researchers of the Middle East and Islam as well as those with a more general interest in politics.
Sea Cucumbers: Aquaculture, Biology and Ecology presents the latest scientific research on sea cucumbers and their ecological and nutritional benefits. This practical reference helps professionals and students understand basic biology and farming methods by presenting the basic knowledge needed to not only promote aquaculture and ?sheries management in different environments, but to also improve the management of sea cucumber health and successful aquaculture operations. Information in this book includes a variety of sea cucumber species, population status, aquaculture development, and the explored bene?ts of sea cucumbers in unique regions, including Egypt, Turkey, Iran and Arabian countries of the Persian Gulf. - Covers the recent literature surrounding the biology and ecology of sea cucumbers - Highlights the medicinal and pharmaceutical values of sea cucumbers - Presents the advantages of developing sea cucumber farming as a viable aquaculture enterprise - Includes practical case studies of sea cucumber aquaculture
The Middle East's digital turn has renewed hopes of socio-economic development and political change across the region, but it is also marked by stark contradictions and historical tensions. In this book, Mohamed Zayani and Joe F. Khalil contend that the region is caught in a digital double bind in which the same conditions that drive the state, market, and public immersion in the digital also inhibit change and perpetuate stasis. The Digital Double Bind offers a path-breaking analysis of how the Middle East negotiates its relation to the digital and provides a roadmap for a critical engagement with technology and change in the Global South.
This book comprehensively covers the interplay between cultural and legal globalization and the impact this has on contract law, with a particular focus on state contracts within the MENA region. The book discusses the roles assumed by Supreme Courts in Egypt and MENA countries in creating unified principles of international contract law in states’ contracts which are consistent with international commercial contracts’ principles. It makes a powerful argument for further harmonization of contract law in the area, and how this can be achieved. The book forms a case study of how international harmonization can be achieved through a number of routes, such as codification, digitalization of processes and contracts, private-public arbitration, and further use of international instruments. It also considers the implications of comparative European law, convention law, and other legal domains, particularly international standards, on contract law in the MENA region. The book suggests how international legal standards can be integrated within contract law, and how a harmonious contract law framework can thus be achieved. Through analyzing ICSID case law, the book argues that unification of contract law principles in the MENA region is a considerable step towards achieving legitimate expectations of foreign investors. It argues, further, that global contract law is underway. The book will be is of interest to students and scholars in the field of international contract law, public law, and international law in Egypt and MENA countries.
This book addressed an in-depth comprehension of the classifications and characterizations of POPs, which have become global issues due to bioaccumulation, persistency, and toxicity. It represents the milestones of the development of pesticide application, industry, and management. Banned SC-POPs have special investigations. It discusses air-sea exchange, ocean currents, phase distribution, speciation, adsorption, desorption, and degradation as the key processes that control POP's fate. The book explores several aspects of POP chemistry that have a direct influence on their biochemical and toxicological consequences. The book illustrates the dynamic equilibriums influencing the proportion of a POP's gaseous, liquid, and solid phases. The book discussed POP migration by referring to the grasshopper effect. It also explores the impacts of climate change on emissions and the fate of POPs through a global-scale multimedia fate model. Additionally, it displays the impact of potential global change scenarios on POP bioaccumulation patterns. The book is directed at giving a deep discussion of the method's QA/QC process for POP determination and has verified the accuracy and precision of the procedures. As a distinctive point, it discusses many aspects concerning the toxicity of POPs. It reports mechanisms describing the toxicity of POPs on immune systems, carcinogenesis, endocrine, neural, and reproductive systems. The book keeps an eye on a model describing the global distribution and toxicity of PAHs. Among the exclusive points in the book is the evaluation of the recent ecological status in Egypt relative to POPs through a time-scale overview and recent case studies. It provides thematic literature related to DDC research in Africa through the WoS and Scopus databases from 1949 to 2021. The book emphasizes models for predicting the annual contribution rate of POPs as a way to raise public awareness about POPs. The greatest challenge for the book is how to motivate the audience to be aware of these hazardous materials in marine ecosystems. Moreover, this book will be of great interest to academics, professionals, practitioners, post-graduate students, and undergraduates because it gives a clear overview of POPs in the marine environment. It also provides decision-makers with a realistic perspective of the environmental file, allowing them to address environmental issues and directing stockholders to safer locations for environmental activity. From a future perspective, the regulation of pervasive POPs, with special reference to recently evaluated harmful substances (PFASs), has faced significant challenges in the wake of pressure from regulators.
This volume contains new trends of computational fluid dynamics for the 21st century and consists of papers especially useful to the younger generation of scientists and engineers in this field. Topics include cartesian, gridless and higher-order schemes, and flow-visualization techniques.
This book presents the following geological contributions in Ediacaran and Paleozoic rocks. 1) It introduces four new rock units for the first time, the Ediacaran El Urf Formation (volcanoclastic sediments in the central Eastern Desert), the Ediacaran Abu Haswa Formation (stromatolitic dolostone in southwestern Sinai), the Early Permian Wadi Dome Formation (mixed clastics and carbonates in the west of Suez Gulf) and the Early Permian Misawag Formation (in the subsurface, northwestern Desert), 2) making correlation of the Ediacaran rock units with the corresponding rock units in Libya, Jordan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, 3) linking the exposed Paleozoic rock units with their equivalent rock units in subsurface in northwestern desert, 4) correlating the Paleozoic rock units with the equivalent rock units in adjacent countries, e. g. Libya, Jordan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, 5) manifesting the possible depositional environments of the Ediacaran and Paleozoic rock units. Additionally, it offers an important unique geological information about the Ediacaran and Paleozoic rock units in Egypt. It unifies the nomenclature of Paleozoic rock units that take numerous names for the same geological time. It obsoletes the formation names that do not follow the rules of the North American stratigraphic code (1983) for rock units’ nomenclature. It provides the target audience illustrations, e.g. field photographs for the exposed rock units that save efforts and time for audience (undergraduate, post-graduate, researchers and professional) to reach to the original localities of each rock units. It provides the audience with schematic diagrams that exhibit the link between the exposed and subsurface rock units all over the Egyptian territory. It describes the following topics of each rock unit: definition, stratigraphic contact, lithological characteristics, faunal and floral associations that are used for the identification of the possible age, correlation with corresponding rock units in adjacent countries, e.g. Libya, Jordan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia and the possible depositional environments for each rock units. The book is a fundamental source of an updated version of the information in the field to the undergraduate, graduate, researchers, professional, practitioners and policy planning elsewhere.
The Egyptian press has a large readership and potential influence on public opinion in Egypt and the Arab world. The Egyptian Press and Coverage of Local and International Events analyzes this understudied area. Written in Egypt, the book is formed of five chapters and analyzes in qualitative and quantitative methods close to 300 newspaper and magazine articles. It studies the Egyptian press and investigates the challenges it faces to be compatible with that in the west, and evaluates the renowned book Four Theories of the press and whether today's Egyptian press can fit in one of those theories. It also looks at the concepts of framing and discourse analysis adopted later. The author examines how the Egyptian press framed the Sudanese refugees' riot in Cairo in December 2005 by the top thirteen Egyptian national, independent, and party newspapers. It found that independent and party newspapers enjoy more freedom than national ones in criticizing government and the way police tackled the protest. However, independent newspapers were more vigorous in their criticism than party ones. The author observes that the weekly magazines tended to frame their coverage in a somewhat anti-government slant, accusing authorities and ferry owners of failure and corruption. Finally, the book compares coverage of the Israeli War in Lebanon in July 2006 by Egypt's giant semi-official daily newspaper Al-Ahram with that by two prominent, non-Egyptian pan-Arab dailies Al-Hayat and Asharq Al-Awsat. He finds that while Al-Hayat and Asharq Al-Awsat, which are owned by Saudi businessmen, portrayed Hizbullah in an unfavorable manner, Al-Ahram was somewhat favorable in its coverage of the Lebanese resistance group.
This book focuses on corrosion and microbial corrosion, providing solutions for these problems based on nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology. It introduces the causes, consequences, cost and control of corrosion processes. It gives a particular emphasis on microbial corrosion of steel and other metals in oil, gas and shipping industries. The book presents the materials vulnerable to such kind of corrosion, and the use of nanomaterials to control it.
Arbitration is the most common mechanism for disputes' settlement in developing countries. Following the move to free market economies, arbitration will play an increasingly fundamental role in order to protect foreign investors in the Middle East and North African Region (MENA). This book examines the pulse and dynamics of international investment arbitration and the new era of mediation in state contracts in the region. The author explores the harmonization of international arbitration and the sensitive issue of le Contrat Administratif in Middle East civil law countries. The volume also discusses the pivotal role of international organizations such as UNCTAD and ICSID in codifying fair and prompt mechanisms for dispute settlement. Using Latin American countries as a prime example of how international legislative instruments serve international investment law principles and comparing Latin American experiences where appropriate, the book demonstrates how lessons can be learned in respect of alternative dispute resolution, international commercial arbitration and investor-states arbitration. It provides suggestions and recommendations for the future and includes useful appendices detailing recent worldwide trends, regional and international instruments in the arbitration world.
This book scrutinizes the new legal nature and stipulations of International Public Works Agreements and provides an in-depth analysis of new forms of infrastructure agreements which have been created in developing countries, such as PPPs. The volume also examines the direct impact of the new legal environment upon infrastructure transactions such as dispute resolutions and ADR mechanisms, in particular, arbitration. It provides an analytical perspective on international public works agreements in developing states in the light of ICC rules of arbitration and FIDIC forms of contracts. As globalization significantly influences le contrat administratif in civil law legal culture, this book examines the legal cultures of civil and common law from a comparative perspective. The author argues that harmonization and integration of the two cultures, in infrastructure agreements, are the way forward. The book will be a fundamental guide for researchers and academics working in this area as well as judges, lawyers and international arbitrators in both common law jurisdictions and civil law legal systems.
The goal of this one-of-a-kind book was to provide a critical and in-depth understanding of various AVS-SEM models as predictors for assessing the ecological impact of heavy metals (particularly dibasic cations; Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Pb) on aquatic environments, including the theories underlying these models, descriptive equations, modes of action, methodology, efficiency, applicability, and statistical approaches, as well as comparison with other pollution assessment techniques in the aquatic environments. Metals in interstitial water can be reduced in sediments that co-precipitate with iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in FeS or MnS minerals, as well as replace them. This book outlines a system that can be used to track heavy metal contamination in countries with coastal regions that extend over water bodies that are subjected to pollution sources, such as the Mediterranean Basin countries. Moreover, this book will be of great interest to academics, professionals, practitioners, post-graduate students (M.Sc. and Ph.D.), and undergraduates because it gives a clear overview of heavy metal assessment for people interested in environmental studies focusing on the marine environment. It also provides decision-makers with a realistic perspective of the environmental file, allowing them to address environmental issues and directing stockholders to safer locations for environmental activity. From a future perspective, management is advised to overcome the difficulties within that technique, such as accurate handling procedures and different approaches to sampling onshore and offshore. Sequential leaching strategies, especially geochemical fractionation analysis, and knowledge of the interactions and significance of AVS in the marine sector, especially toxicity tests (bioassay) are recommended.
The longest civil war in the African continent between North and South Sudan ended by secession. However, similar conditions triggered other civil wars in other regions in the country. Genocide occurred during the strive which forecast eminent separations with economic and demographic catastrophes.
This book aims to be the reference book in the area of oxyfuel combustion, covering the fundamentals, design considerations and current challenges in the field. Its first part provides an overview of the greenhouse gas emission problem and the current carbon capture and sequestration technologies. The second part introduces oxy-fuel combustion technologies with emphasis on system efficiency, combustion and emission characteristics, applications and related challenges. The third part focuses on the recent developments in ion transport membranes and their performance in both oxygen separation units and oxygen transport reactors (OTRs). The fourth part presents novel approaches for clean combustion in gas turbines and boilers. Computational modelling and optimization of combustion in gas turbine combustors and boiler furnaces are presented in the fifth part with some numerical results and detailed analyses.
A comprehensive guide to mitigating risk and fostering growthin the Islamic financial sector Islamic finance, like conventional finance is a business offinancial intermediation. Its distinctive features relate tothe requirement that it abides by Shari'a rules that promotefairness of contracts and prevention of exploitation, sharing ofrisks and rewards, prohibition of interests, and tangible economicpurpose. Islamic finance should not fund activities considered“haram” or sinful. In Islamic Finance and EconomicDevelopment: Risk, Regulation, and Corporate Governance,authors Amr Mohamed El Tiby and Wafik M. Grais expound how thesedistinctive features bear on the opportunities and challengesfacing the Islamic finance industry’sdevelopment, risk management, regulation and corporategovernance. An experienced banker with various Middle East bankinginstitutions, notably as former Vice President at UAE UnionNational Bank and Mashreq bank, Dr. El Tiby offers aninformed perspective on corporate finance from within theIslamic finance industry. With a long experience in internationaldevelopment and finance, notably as former Director at the WorldBank and Founder and Chairman of a Cairo-based FinancialAdvisors company, Dr. Grais brings global financial experience onthe topics of financial systems assessments, corporate governance,Islamic finance, and public policy. Covers the history and basics of Islamic finance, and providesinsight into current conditions and future landscape Explores regulatory framework, including opportunities andchallenges for the industry’s development andmainstreaming Presents an approach to developing a systemic Shari'agovernance framework to govern operations in the Islamic finance industry
Structural engineers must focus on a structure's continued safety throughout its service life. Reinforced Concrete Structural Reliability covers the methods that enable engineers to keep structures reliable during all project phases, and presents a practical exploration of up-to-date techniques for predicting the lifetime of a structure. The book a
This book comprehensively covers a range of challenging cases in dermatology. It provides easy to follow guidance on how to successfully diagnose and treat a range of unusual diseases with a range of figures with informative legends and clinical data focused exercises to enable the reader to gain confidence and a deep understanding of why the diagnostic and treatment procedures taken in each case were chosen. Cases covered include follicular disorders, melanocytic diseases, vascular tumors, cutaneous lymphomas, and bullous diseases. This second volume of Challenging Cases in Dermatology systematically describes a range of unusual and rare clinical cases in dermatology. It is therefore a valuable resource for all trainee and practising dermatologists looking to further develop their knowledge and understanding of how to successfully diagnose and treat rare and challenging diseases.
Mohamed Mansour has spent his life fighting adversity. Born in Egypt in the post-war period, his childhood was halted abruptly when, aged ten, he almost lost a leg in a devastating car accident. At 18, he had to support himself through college in the US when his family's assets were seized by the Egyptian government. Aged 20, he fought cancer. Then, at 25, he returned to Egypt to help revive the fortunes of his family's once thriving business group as it steadily diversified into sectors from automobiles to construction equipment, fast food to venture capital. Almost five decades on, he and his family stand at the helm of some of the largest companies in North Africa and the Middle East. They have partnered with global brands from General Motors and Caterpillar to McDonald's and invested early in Silicon Valley successes such as Facebook, Uber and Airbnb. He also served as Egypt's Transport Minister from 2005 to 2009. Filled with hard-won wisdoms, Mohamed Mansour's inspirational story demonstrates the importance of learning from experience and never giving up in the drive to succeed.
This book presents a modified model reference adaptive system (MRAS) observer for sensorless vector control of a wind driven doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). A mathematical model of the DFIG as influenced by core loss and main flux saturation is developed. The authors describe and evaluate grid synchronization enhancement of a wind driven DFIG using adaptive sliding mode control (SMC). Besides, grid synchronization of a wind driven DFIG under unbalanced grid voltage is also fully covered in this book.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the law surrounding PPPs in the Middle East and North African region. The significance of liberalised and integrated Public Private Partnership Contracts as an essential component of the world legal and policy order is well documented. The regulation of PPPs is justified economically to allow for competition in the relevant public service and to achieve price transparency, thus resulting in significant savings for the public sector. In parallel to the economic justifications, legal imperatives have also called for the regulation of PPPs in order to allow free movement of goods and services and to prohibit discrimination on grounds of nationality. The need for competitiveness and transparency in delivering public services through PPPs is considered a safeguard to achieve international standards in delivering public utility services. First, it assesses the compatibility of the current PPPs legislation and regulation in the MENA region with the international standards of legislation and regulation prevalent in many other countries, including the UK, France and Brazil. Secondly, it compares the practices in the MENA region with those of international bodies such as the OECD and World Bank. Comparisons are then made between the MENA countries and those in Europe and Asia with regard to the influence of culture, policy and legal globalization. The book will be of interest to scholars and students in the field of international contract law, public law and state contracts, finance law and private law.
Climate change is likely to continue to have severe impacts, including sea level rise. At the same time, population increase and development imperatives create additional pressure on available water resources. These changes are problematic for the Mediterranean coastal areas and especially the Nile Delta coast. Particular focus of this study is on salinization of groundwater resources in the Nile Delta Aquifer (NDA) due to saltwater intrusion. To assess current conditions and develop future adaptation strategies for the NDA, a 3D model simulating regional variable-density groundwater flow and coupled salt transport was constructed based on available data set, using the SEAWAT code. A method for identification of the most representative model has been developed, based on testing different simulation periods during which the NDA has ‘evolved’ from completely fresh groundwater conditions to conditions representative for the year 2010.This model was then applied to analyze possible future NDA conditions under several predefined scenarios of sea level rise and groundwater extraction. This analysis indicated that the impacts from further extractions of groundwater on availability of fresh groundwater in the aquifer are more significant compared to those from sea level rise. Furthermore, three different adaptation measures and their impacts in the Sharkeya Nile Delta governorate were tested. It was shown that that changing crop types and irrigation practices towards water saving options seem to be more promising than artificial recharge with injection wells or extraction and usage of brackish groundwater after desalination. The developed model is useful for further Water-Food Nexus studies.
Combining case studies with empirical and theoretical game analysis, Mohamed Ismail Sabry presents four State-Business-Labor Relations (SBLR) modes for considering the power relationships at play in the interactions between government, business, and society.
The Arab uprisings that swept the Middle East and North Africa in the period from 2011- 2012 left an indelible mark on the socio-political landscape of the region. But that mark was not consistent across the region: while some countries underwent dramatic popular social and political changes, others teetered on the brink, or were left with the status quo intact. Street revolutions toppled despotic regimes in Tunisia, Libya, and momentarily in Egypt, while mounting serious challenges to authoritarian regimes in Syria and Yemen. Algeria’s entrenched bureaucratic-cum-military authoritarian system proved resilient until the recent events of early 2019 which forced the resignation of President Abdelaziz Bouteflika before the end of his term on 28 April 2019. As in Algeria, protestors in Sudan succeeded, after months of demonstrations, in overthrowing the government of Omar al-Bashir. Several Arab monarchies still appear stable and have managed to weather the tempest of the Arab revolutions, albeit not without fissures showing in the edifice of their states, accompanied by some minor constitutional changes. Where Tunisians, Egyptians, Yemenis, Syrians, and Libyans demanded regime changes in their political systems, protesters in the Arab monarchies have called on the kings and emirs to reform their political system from the top down, indicating the sizeable monarchical advantage. Historical Dictionary of the Arab Uprisings contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on the terms, persons and events that shaped the Arab Spring uprisings. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about the Arab Uprisings.
This book brings into focus the relationship between Internet development, youth activism, cyber resistance, and political participation. Taking Tunisia as a case study, it examines the digital culture of contention that developed in an authoritarian context, providing a unique perspective on how networked Arab publics negotiate agency, reconfigure political action, and reimagine citizenship.
This book consists of two parts. The first part studies selected recent developed strategies of control and management for renewable energy resources. The strategies of control are tested in the presence of unbalance power, voltage faults, frequency deviation, wind speed variation and parametric uncertainties. The second part is especially focused on study of hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-Concentrated solar power (CSP) coupled to a thermal storage system. It gathers a set of chapters covering recent survey literature, modelling and optimization of hybrid PV-CSP power plants. In this part, a detailed model of hybrid PV-CSP with thermal storage system is presented and smart optimization techniques like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) are also described and used to optimally design the hybrid PV-CSP renewable energy system. The book would be interesting to most academic undergraduate, postgraduates, researchers on renewable energy systems in terms of modeling, optimization and control, as well as the satisfaction of grid code requirements. Also, it provides an excellent background to renewable energy sources, it is an excellent choice for energy engineers, researchers, system operators, and graduate students. This book can used as a good reference for the academic research on the smart grid, power control, integration of renewable energy sources, and related to this or used in Ph.D study of control, optimisation, management problems and their application in field engineering.
In the Anteroom of Divinity focuses on the persistence of Pseudo-Dionysian angelology in England's early modern period. Beginning with a discussion of John Colet's commentary on Dionysisus' twin hierarchies, Feisal G. Mohamed explores the significance of the Dionysian tradition to the conformism debate of the 1590s through works by Richard Hooker and Edmund Spenser. He then turns to John Donne and John Milton to shed light on their constructions of godly poetics, politics and devotion, and provides the most extensive study of Milton's angelology in more than fifty years. With new philosophical, theological, and literary insights, this work offers a contribution to intellectual history and the history of religion in critical moments of the English Reformation.
The book examines in depth, the centrality of the Saudi fixed currency regime to the US dollar, SAMA’s monetary tools, macro prudential policies and its supervision of the Saudi commercial banking sector and new sectors such as insurance, the emerging Fin Tech industry as well as a closer examination of SAMA’s investment policies as custodian of the local currency. Saudi Arabia has long been associated with its central role in the global energy market, with its decisions on production volumes affecting the global financial markets. However, the Kingdom has also emerged as a significant global financial player due to its large holdings of international currency, its dominance of the regional Gulf and Arab world capital markets, and the aspirations of its Sovereign Wealth Fund, the Public Investment Fund. The G20 Presidency in 2020 has also placed Saudi Arabia on the global stage for the country to showcase progress in many and opening up its financial market to foreign investors. But the path to financial regulation and liberation to unleash Saudi Arabia’s potential has not come overnight, but through incremental steps and learning by doing. The results speak for themselves as this book examines: • The Saudi Capital Market and the evolution of its main Tadawul and parallel NOMU stock markets following the inclusion of Tadawul in the FTSE Russell, MSCI and S&P EM Indexes • The centrality of the Saudi fixed peg exchange regime as well as a closer examination of SAMA’s investment policies as custodian of the local currency • SAMA’s rebranding in 2020 as a Central Bank, its monetary and macro prudential policies and the re entry of foreign banks to the Saudi market, reversing previous Saudization of foreign bank branches in Saudi Arabia. The Author offers an analysis of the key challenges facing Saudi Arabia in an age of financial globalization, FinTech and digitization. The challenges faced by the Saudi regulators in the COVID 19 era are examined, along with the country’s financial sector objectives as part of the Vision 2030 program, SME financing now a central plank in the country’s Vision 2030 program, the role of FDI in economic growth, the reasons behind Saudi Arabia languishing behind other countries in attracting FDI given the size of its economy and rising domestic and foreign debt levels. It has been an incredible journey for a young country, and by all indications, the journey for expanded global partnership continues as Saudi Arabia also puts into practice its version of the circular carbon economy, its commitment to climate change, and being at the forefront of a new global digital economy.
Structural engineers must focus on a structure’s continued safety throughout its service life. Reinforced Concrete Structural Reliability covers the methods that enable engineers to keep structures reliable during all project phases, and presents a practical exploration of up-to-date techniques for predicting the lifetime of a structure. The book also helps readers understand where the safety factors used come from and addresses the problems that arise from deviation from these factors. It also examines the question of what code is best to follow for a specific project: the American code, the British Standard, the Eurocode, or other local codes. The author devotes an entire chapter to practical statistics methods and probability theory used in structural and civil engineering, both important for calculating the probability of structural failure (reliability analysis). The text addresses the effects of time, environmental conditions, and loads to assess consequences on older structures as well as to calculate the probability of failure. It also presents the effects of steel bar corrosion and column corrosion, and precautions to consider along with guides for design. This book offers guidelines and tools to evaluate existing as well as new structures, providing all available methods and tests for assessing structures, including visual inspection and nondestructive testing for concrete strength. It also presents techniques for predicting the remaining service life of a structure, which can be used to determine whether to perform repairs or take other action. This practical guide helps readers to differentiate between and understand the philosophy of the various codes and standards, enabling them to work anywhere in the world. It will aid engineers at all levels working on projects from the design to the maintenance phase, increasing their grasp of structure behavior, codes and factors, and predicting service life.
This book offers a chronicle of, and a revealing look at, the 2011 Egyptian Revolution and its aftermath. The author, an Egyptian-American journalist living in Egypt, detailed the news coverage and man-in-the-street impressions of Mubarak's fall and Mohamed Morsi's struggle to stay in power. At home in the U.S. as well as in Egypt, he uses his experience as a journalist to explain for Americans the confrontation between Islamists and seculars.
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