This book addresses the problems involved in the modelling and simulation of shale gas reservoirs, and details recent advances in the field. It discusses various modelling and simulation challenges, such as the complexity of fracture networks, adsorption phenomena, non-Darcy flow, and natural fracture networks, presenting the latest findings in these areas. It also discusses the difficulties of developing shale gas models, and compares analytical modelling and numerical simulations of shale gas reservoirs with those of conventional reservoirs. Offering a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in developing shale gas models and simulators in the upstream oil industry, it allows readers to gain a better understanding of these reservoirs and encourages more systematic research on efficient exploitation of shale gas plays. It is a valuable resource for researchers interested in the modelling of unconventional reservoirs and graduate students studying reservoir engineering. It is also of interest to practising reservoir and production engineers.
New Strategies Targeting Cancer Metabolism: Anticancer Drugs, Synthetic Analogues and Antitumor Agents presents up-to-date synthetic strategies for three categories of antimetabolites: antifolates, purines and pyrimidines, the main classes of antimetabolites which are integrated into various pharmaceutical agents. Many of these antimetabolites are considered potent chemotherapeutic agents which have great potential impact on medical research. These main classes of antimetabolites are used in the treatment of critical diseases including cancer, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and many other non-malignant diseases. Antineoplastic drugs such as alkylating agents which have significant effects are described. Novel synthetic strategies for many anticancer alkylating agents including nitrogen mustards, chlorambucil, melphalan, ifosamide, oxaliplatin and temozolomide are explored. Natural products have offered some of the most significant drugs for treating cancer, as many drugs currently in clinical use are derived from natural products as camptothecins, vinca alkaloids, and derivatives of podophyllotoxin. They provide a contribution that is essential for modern drug discovery and development. In this book, insights into a broad array of novel compounds are reviewed, well-recognized synthetic approaches are emphasized for further anticancer drug development and discovery, and the biological evaluation of novel synthesized compounds are included. This comprehensive reference is a valuable resource for medical chemists working in drug discovery and development, as well as pharmacologists and biochemists working in related fields. - Provides the only resource dedicated to synthetic strategies of antimetabolites - Features synthetic strategies for nucleosides and their analogues - Includes coverage of purine-, pyrimidine- and antifolate-based anticancer drugs - The most significant anticancer alkylating agents and natural products are demonstrated
Despite advances in modern communication and the proliferation of information, there remain areas of the world about which little is known. One such place is Somalia. The informed public is aware of a political meltdown and consequent chaos there, but few comprehend the causes of this tragic crisis. This new edition covers Somalia's origin, history, culture, and language, as well as current economic and political issues. The alphabetical arrangement of this Dictionary, with a complete chronology, list of acronyms, and in-depth bibliography provide useful information about the country in a convenient format. A vital addition to reference collections supporting undergraduate and graduate programs on Africa and the Middle East, international relations, and economics- a useful fact-filled compendium for government and public libraries, NGO's, and other special libraries
The hawari of Cairo - narrow non-straight alleyways - are the basic urban units that have formed the medieval city since its foundation back in 969 AD. Until early in the C20th, they made up the primary urban divisions of the city and were residential in nature. Contemporary hawari, by contrast, are increasingly dominated by commercial and industrial activity. This medieval urban maze of extremely short, broken, zigzag streets and dead ends are defensible territories, powerful institutions, and important social systems. While the hawari have been studied as an exemplar for urban structure of medieval Islamic urbanism, and as individual building typologies, this book is the first to examine in detail the socio-spatial practice of the architecture of home in the city. It investigates how people live, communicate and relate to each other within their houses or shared spaces of the alleys, and in doing so, to uncover several new socio-spatial dimensions and meanings in this architectural form. In an attempt to re-establish the link between architecture past and present, and to understand the changing social needs of communities, this book uncovers the notion of home as central to understand architecture in such a city with long history as Cairo. It firstly describes the historical development of the domestic spaces (indoor and outdoor), and provides an inclusive analysis of spaces of everyday activities in the hawari of old Cairo. It then broadens its analysis to other parts of the city, highlighting different customs and representations of home in the city at large. Cairo, in the context of this book, is represented as the most sophisticated urban centre in the Middle East with different and sometimes contrasting approaches to the architecture of home, as a practice and spatial system. In order to analyse the complexity and interconnectedness of the components and elements of the hawari as a 'collective home', it layers its narratives of architectural and social developments as a domestic environment over the past two hundred years, and in doing so, explores the in-depth social meaning and performance of spaces, both private and public.
Somalia, the Horn of Africa nation, is finally recovering from recent wars and famine. Written by a native Somali, Culture and Customs of Somalia gives students and interested readers an in-depth look at the land and people, past and present. It is the only accessible, comprehensive, and up-to-date general reference on this country. Somalia was once colonized by Europeans, but Abdullahi's superb survey, with its historical context, evokes a Somaliland from a Somali viewpoint. This Muslim country has strong pastoral roots and is known as a land of poets with a long oral cultural tradition. Some highlights found herein include discussion of handcrafts and artisanry, distinctive architecture and nomad housing, camel culture, intriguing food and eating customs, rites of passage, leisure and economic pursuits, education, and the Somali musical genres. A chronology, glossary, and numerous photos enhance the text.
This dissertation examines the construction of identity and different lifestyles of the Al-Baraka shantytown community. The concepts of lifestyle and localization process are used as basic tools of analysis to develop a theoretical model that can be applied elsewhere. The localization process reveals how Al-Baraka people adopt different kinds of behaviors, institutions and activities from various origins, and re-invent them locally to be their own. The author concludes that the social identity of Sudan today is not confined to a simplistic binary opposition (Arab vs. African), but is constituted by social identities comprised of more complex sets of practiced lifestyles. (Series: Contributions to the Africa Research / Beitrage zur Afrikaforschung, Vol. 64) [Subject: African Studies, Politics, Sociology]
To date, the Center of Documentation and Studies on Ancient Egypt (CEDAE) has published four volumes of its work at the temple of Gerf Hussein: M.A.-L El-Tanbouli, Gerf Hussein (1965); M.A.-L Tanbouli and A.F. Sadek, Gerf Hussein II: la cour et l’entrée du spéos (1974); Ch. Kuentz and A.A. Sadek, Gerf Hussein III: la grande salle (E): mur est piliers et colosses (1975); M.A.-L Tanbouli, H. De Meulenaere, and A.A. Sadek, Gerf Hussein IV: la grande salle (E): murs sud, nord et oust – les niches (1978). This current volume deals with the vestibule (G), sanctuary (I), treasure-rooms (K–M), and side-rooms of the sanctuary (O–Q), which are now sunk in the waters of Lake Nasser. With an introduction by H. Elleithy and a preface by M. Waziri. Overall revision by H. De Meulenaere (1961) and Cynthia May Sheikholeslami (2018), with the full collaboration of Ch. Leblanc.
This book describes the newest implementations of integrated photodiodes fabricated in nanometer standard CMOS technologies. It also includes the required fundamentals, the state-of-the-art, and the design of high-performance laser drivers, transimpedance amplifiers, equalizers, and limiting amplifiers fabricated in nanometer CMOS technologies. This book shows the newest results for the performance of integrated optical receivers, laser drivers, modulator drivers and optical sensors in nanometer standard CMOS technologies. Nanometer CMOS technologies rapidly advanced, enabling the implementation of integrated optical receivers for high data rates of several Giga-bits per second and of high-pixel count optical imagers and sensors. In particular, low cost silicon CMOS optoelectronic integrated circuits became very attractive because they can be extensively applied to short-distance optical communications, such as local area network, chip-to-chip and board-to-board interconnects as well as to imaging and medical sensors.
This volume presents a fully illustrated field guide for the identification of the sharks and rays most relevant to the fisheries of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. An extensive literature review and two field surveys in the region were carried out for the preparation of this document. A total of 49 sharks and 45 batoids reliably reported for the region are listed and those common in the fisheries or likely to be found through fisheries operations are fully treated. The guide includes sections on technical terms and measurements for sharks and batoids, and fully illustrated keys to those orders and families that occur in the region. Color plates for a large number of the species are included.
This book offers a chronicle of, and a revealing look at, the 2011 Egyptian Revolution and its aftermath. The author, an Egyptian-American journalist living in Egypt, detailed the news coverage and man-in-the-street impressions of Mubarak's fall and Mohamed Morsi's struggle to stay in power. At home in the U.S. as well as in Egypt, he uses his experience as a journalist to explain for Americans the confrontation between Islamists and seculars.
Since 9-11-01, misunderstandings and stereotypical judgments between the West and the Arab states have become increasingly evident. This clear, useful book blends economics, politics, and history to provide insights into different perspectives of Western and Arab Cultures regarding globalization, presenting a spectrum of opinions and beliefs on each side, with particular attention to the psychology of Arab decision-makers. Too many people hold uninformed opinions without understanding the expectations, the fears, and the concerns of the stakeholders. The Threat of Globalization to Arab Islamic Culture will bring about a more defined comprehension of the issues involved with globalization --- Product Description.
This book examines the tomb of Khâemhat (Meḥ) TT57, the royal scribe and overseer of the granaries of Upper and Lower Egypt during the reign of Amenophis III. The tomb is regarded as one of the most important tombs at Sheikh Abd el-Qurna and the research on it was documented by the Center of Documentation and Studies on Ancient Egypt (CEDAE). Contributors Introduction by Hisham Elleithy Preface by Khaled El-Enany Text: Mohammed Abdel Latif El-Tanbouli (1968); revised by Charles Kuentz (1970) and Cynthia May Sheikholeslami (2016). Hieroglyphic texts: Abdel Aziz F. Sadek (1968); reviewed by Ahmed Abdel Hamid Youssef (1968). Line drawings: Mounira El-Demerdash, Farida Mostafa, Fouad Abdel Hamid, Sabry El Sayed, Mohammed Ali, Mohammed El-Sabaay, and Mohammed Moursi. Architectural surveys: Hassan El-Achiery. Overall revision: Christian Leblanc.
Summary: Trade between the United States and the eighteen countries of the Middle East and North Africa continues to grow at a steady pace, especially with countries which have signed trade agreements with the United States.
Scientific Study from the year 2017 in the subject Medicine - Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Mansoura University (Faculty of Pharmacy), language: English, abstract: The study includes measurement of bee activity in collecting and producing honey, propolis and bee venom according to bee race, in a comparative study between Carniolan hybrid and Italian hybrid. For one year and study of some biological and chemical properties of some bee products (Honey, propolis and bee venom) and their effects on three types of cancer cells (Hep-G2, Caco-2 and MCF-7) in a comparative study with the effort of two drugs (5Fu and Cis-pt) in different concentrations. The study dealt with the following points: 1. Activity honeybee in collecting and producing honey, propolis and bee venom according to bee race. 2. Biological properties of some bee products and their effects on some cancer cells. 3. Chemical properties of some bee products. Apitherapy is the art and science of making therapeutic use of products of honey bee, including honey, bee pollen, propolis, royal jelly, bees wax and bee venom. apitherapy is defined as api, meaning bee and therapy from the greek word therapia, which literally means "curing" or "healing". apitherapy is healing by using bee products. hippocrates, the greek physician known as the "father of medicine", recognized the hialing virtues of bee venom for treating arthritis and other joint problems. Since the ancient egyptians, cultures across the ages have revered the honey bee for its healing powers. Integrative medical apitherapy is the application of bee products like honey, pollen, royal jelly and propolis in healing therapies. apitherapy is an ancient alternative healing modality dating back several thousand years and used by hippocrates, mentioned by plato, and others throughout our history.
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